Den aktuella studien undersökte sambandet mellan personlighetsfaktorerna i the Big Five (FFM) och upplevd stress, bland chefer och utifrån kön. Det slutliga stickprovet innehöll svar från 78 chefer med personalansvar mellan åldrarna 26–67 år (M = 50.12, SD = 9.18). Deltagarnabesvarade en online enkät bestående av validerade frågor och påståenden. För analyserna gjordes kompositmått för personlighet och stress. Resultaten visade inga signifikanta könsskillnader för någon av studiens variabler och ett signifikant samband mellan stress och Openness, Conscientiousness respektive Neuroticism. Resultaten från den multipla regressionsanalysen visade att Neuroticism och Conscientiousness är betydande prediktorer för stress. Resultaten diskuteras vidare i relation till tidigare och framtida forskning. / The current study investigated the relationship between personality traits (FFM) and perceived stress, among managers and based on gender. The final sample included responses from 78 managers with personnel responsibility between the ages 26-67 years (M = 50.14, SD = 9.18). The participants completed an online self-reported survey consisting of validated measurements. For the analysis, a composite score was executed for personality and stress. The results showed no significant gender differences for any study variables and a significant association between stress and openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism respectively. The results from the multiple regression analysis showed that neuroticism and conscientiousness are significant predictors of stress. The findings are further discussed concerning previous and future research.

Statistics show that boys perform better in mathematics tests than girls. In order to make a refined assessment of the magnitude of gender differences in mathematics performance, a study was made of one thousand 16+ mathematics scripts to find the precise topics on which girls and boys differ significantly in performance. These concepts were found to be concerned with scale or ratio, spatial problems, space-time relationships and probability questions. Differences were found in performance between girls and boys at each ten-percentile level through the ability range. A longitudinal study also revealed differences in mathematics 'performance through the years of secondary education. There is no convincing evidence that the discrepancy can be accounted for by innate or genetic reasons. Intervention programmes have been found to improve the performance of girls in the weak areas of spatial awareness, proportionality and problem solving. In addition, a study was made of gender attitudes towards mathematics. Ten secondary schools were surveyed and the results revealed a marked decrease in the attitudes of third and fourth form girls. During these difficult adolescent years girls and boys are susceptible to strong internal and external pressures. Corresponding differences were also found across the ability range. These social pressures are concerned with teacher influence, social interaction, type of grouping, sex stereotyping, choices, teaching materials and careers advice.

This article intends to compile current knowledge about the impact of gender norms in mathematics. The questions that will be asked are whether or not gender norms in mathematics have an impact on pupils, and if so, how are the consequences depicted in previous studies? The overview is based on the theoretical background of Judith Butler’s (2007) theory about gender, although it will focus on the two-gender system since this still is the norm in Sweden. Earlier studies suggest that gender norms in mathematics have a lifelong impact on people, especially women. The findings of this overview is relevant to educate school personnel and guardians about the positive as well as negative consequences of a gendernormative view on mathematics.

Att poliser har förtroende för allmänheten, och vice versa, är viktigt för ett väl fungerande samarbete och ett framgångsrikt polisarbete. Uppfattningar relaterat till yrkesrollen och yrkesmässig kontakt med människor har visats förändras under utbildning i samband med praktikperioder och vidare i övergången till yrkesliv. Studier om polisens förtroende för allmänheten och hur detta eventuellt förändras saknas dock i en svensk poliskontext. Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka uppfattningen om och förtroendet för allmänheten hos polisstudenter och verksamma poliser, samt att utforska eventuella gruppskillnader eller förändring över tid avseende detta. Syftet undersöktes genom två delstudier där deltagarna besvarade en enkät med frågor kring deras inställning till allmänheten. Delstudie 1 bestod av 219 deltagare och delstudie 2 av 357 deltagare, med cirka 30 % kvinnor i båda studierna. Inomgrupps- och mellangruppsdesign användes, med två-vägs-ANOVA och mixed between-within ANOVA som analysmetod. Resultatet visade att polisstuderande och verksamma poliser generellt hade en relativt neutral uppfattning om allmänheten. Resultatet gällande gruppskillnader visade att polisstudenter efter praktikperioden hade en mer negativ uppfattning om och ett lägre förtroende för allmänheten än verksamma poliser. Inga gruppskillnader mellan polisstudenter före och efter praktikperioden återfanns. Resultatet visade däremot en interaktionseffekt mellan tid och kön avseende förändring över praktikperioden. Kvinnliga polisstudenter tycktes ha en mer negativ uppfattning om och lägre förtroende för allmänheten efter praktikperioden jämfört med de manliga polisstudenterna som inte tycktes ha förändrat sin uppfattning. Vidare forskning behövs för att förstå varför och för att få säkrare resultat. Studien betonar vikten av att under polisutbildningen arbeta för att främja och synliggöra betydelsen av förtroende. Detta för att skapa bra förutsättningar för ett framgångsrikt polisarbete. / Establishing trust between the police and the public is vital for effective collaboration and successful policing. Perceptions related to the professional role and professional interactions with people have been shown to change during education, practical training periods, and in the transition to professional life. However, studies on the police's trust in the public and how this may change are lacking in a Swedish police context. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and trust levels toward the public among police students and police officers in Sweden, investigating potential group differences and changes over time. This was investigated through two sub-studies in which participants answered a survey with questions about their attitude toward the public. Sub-study 1 consisted of 219 participants, and sub-study 2 consisted of 357 participants, with approximately 30 % women in both studies. Within-group and between-group designs were used, with two-way ANOVA and mixed between-within ANOVA. The results showed that police students and police officers generally had a relatively neutral perception of the public. The results regarding group differences showed that after the practical training period, police students had a more negative perception of and lower trust in the public compared to police officers. No group differences between police students before and after the practical training period were found. However, the results showed an interaction effect between time and gender regarding changes over the practical training period. Female police students seemed to have a more negative perception of and lower trust in the public after the practical training period compared to male police students who did not seem to have changed their perception. Further research is needed to understand why and to obtain more reliable results. The study emphasizes the importance of working during police education to promote and highlight the significance of trust, creating favorable conditions for successful policing.

Eyewitness testimony plays a crucial role in the justice system. Misidentification from eyewitnesses was reported in 70% of 300 DNA exonerations of wrongfully convicted individuals (Wixted et al., 2015). Similarly, many convicts can also be set free because of juror’s faulty eyewitness recall during examination. Previous research indicated that females are more reliable in recall than men. However, these findings were not extensively examined with regards to time delay prior to the trial. Thus, it is important to systematically examine the various factors that influence eyewitness testimony. The present study was designed to empirically examine the effects of gender, interview technique, and time interval on eyewitness recall. It was hypothesized that female participants would outscore male participants in both facial and detail recall. It was also hypothesized that the cognitive interview would yield more accurate details about the crime in comparison to the standard interview. It was hypothesized that recall for participants would decay as the time interval increased. One hundred and four participants were randomly selected from a southeastern university to participate in the study. Ages of the participants ranged from 18-40 and consisted of fifty-two males and fifty-two females. They were required to complete a series of questionnaires consisting of demographics, mood measure, personality test, and standard/cognitive interviews. The results showed a significant effect between gender, interview technique, and time interval on detail recall. In addition, there was a significant main effect for interview type. There was a significant effect of gender and time interval on facial recall. It was found that extraversion significantly predicted detail recall as did agreeableness and neuroticism. The present findings further extend previous research examining the most effective interviewing techniques for eyewitness recall. It also indicated that females can accurately recall faces after a time delay in comparison to men. Furthermore, these results also clearly indicate that gender and time interval play a significant role in facial recall. Finally, the findings have practical implications for the jury selection system. For example, attorneys and judges might be inclined to choose women over men for specific cases where eyewitness details may be crucial for conviction. In addition, they may also use facial shots in order to enhance eyewitness recall. Personality measures can assist detectives to determine if a suspect is suitable for an interview. If at all possible, administering personality test for jurors may help in determining certain personality types are more prone to error.

On college campuses, Title IX is used to prevent sexual assault. As sexual assault is experienced predominately by women, this research seeks to examine a relationship between gender and opinions on the Title IX changes of 2017, which rescinded protections for victims of sexual assault. To answer this, a thematic content analysis was conducted on online news article comment forums. The results indicated that men were more likely to support changes to Title IX guidelines, and women were more likely to oppose these changes. Drawing on these differences, administrators on college campuses can be prepared for new programming and new policies can be informed from the public opinion.

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