The female education is said to be a vehicle that break the shackes of poverty thereby leading to transformation,development and progress.

This thesis addresses the persisting gendered division of parental leave in Sweden, where despite policies promoting equal sharing, women still take 70 % of the leave. Aiming to analyze what hinders and what enables equal division of parental leave, I conduct in-depth interviews with eight parents who equally share leave and six parents who do not. Thematic analysis is initially used to explore motivations for parental leave division. Subsequently, I use a theoretical framework focused on motherhood, fatherhood, and care ideals aiming to scrutinize how these ideals influence the division of parental leave. The equally sharing respondents constitute a unique group and by comparing their motivations to respondents who do not share equally, the study does not only generate knowledge about what hinders equal sharing of parental leave, but also highlights what enables it. This is important for gender equality in general and a clear political goal for Swedish family politics. The results indicate that the equally sharing group are guided by ideals of shared parenting, gender equality, and active involvement in both work and caregiving, emphasizing early bonding with both parents. In contrast, the non-equally sharing group, while expressing some desire for gender equality, leans towards more traditional motherhood ideals, legitimizing mothers' preferences for extended leave. Both groups share a commitment to involved fatherhood, but fathers in the non-equally sharing group encounter additional constraints tied to financial considerations and tend to perceive paternity leave as optional rather than obligatory.

This essay demonstrates what affordances for learning the dystopia The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood has in upper secondary school to promote gender equality. The importance of covering gender equality is evident since Skolverket decided to include the topic in every subject in the Swedish upper secondary school with the start of July 1, 2022. This essay explores a possible way of covering the topic in the English subject with the help of fiction. The essay uses the concept of Louise Rosenblatt's transactional model of reading and literary analysis to explore The Handmaid's Tale's potential. The analysis demonstrates teaching potential, several aspects of "sexualitet, samtycke och relationer" 'sexuality, consent, and relationships', and educational outcomes of The Handmaid’s Tale.

The present thesis aims at exploring and analyzing elementary school music teachers’ work from a perspective of gender equality. Previous research shows differences between boys’ and girls’ choice of musical instruments, school performance and claiming of space in a music classroom. The purpose of the study is to investigate these gender-related phenomena that occur in elementary school music education, how music teachers perceive these phenomena and their methods for integration of gender equality. The theoretical framework of the research is based on gender theories and phenomenography. Qualitative semi-structured phenomenographic interview was applied as the methodological approach for collecting data. In order to fulfill the purpose of the study, two female and two male music teachers from four different elementary schools in southern Sweden were interviewed. The results reveal that the participants perceive the gender-related phenomena differently. The majority of the respondents point out that boys prefer louder music instruments, such as drums and electric guitar, while girls choose piano and singing, which confirms the conventional gender norms. Some of the respondents assert that girls earn better grades in the subject of music because of their faster neurological development. Regarding claiming of space, two of the interviewed music teachers utter that boys tend to dominate in the classroom soundscape, which seems to be a consequence of their masculine and attention-seeking behavior. Additionally, the results of the research expose that the music teachers experience difficulties in applying the national policy documents concerning gender equality. However, the study discovers various methods for integration of gender equality in the interviewed teachers’ work.

Yes / The central aim of this chapter is to describe the policy and practice of affirmative action measures. It synthesizes findings from published studies and highlights the rationale, drivers, benefits, beneficiaries, effectiveness, and impacts of affirmative action policies and practices in different countries. The chapter will discuss the possible lessons from these studies and highlight the link between affirmative action policies and practices and contributions to achieving target 5 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

Yes / We have come along way in terms of equality law since Lord Davey made his statement. Not only was he unable or unwill-ing to see the law as a vehicle for protecting individuals from discrimination in employment, he was also very definitely talking about a ¿workman` and the fact that this might be a woman had probably not occurred to him. Times and contexts have changed and the law now has a clear role to play in protecting individuals from dis-crimination on a number of grounds. This Law in Brief summarises the legal framework relevant to gender equality in the employment sphere. This Law in Brief also acts as a background paper for a pilot research project looking at women`s progression in the academic sector.1

<p>Ämnet för den här uppsatsen är utformandet av Energibolagets jämställdhetsplan. Syftet med utredningsarbetet var att undersöka vad de anställda vid moderbolaget Energi inom Energikoncernen har för attityder till jämställdhet generellt på arbetsplatsen. Som metod använde vi enkäter i genomförandet av vår studie. Utifrån de anställdas attityder utarbetade vi en konkret jämställdhetsplan. Vi kom fram till att det finns mycket för Energibolaget att arbeta med vad det gäller jämställdhetsfrågor i organisationen. Jämställdhetsplanen kan vara till stor hjälp för Energibolaget, om den används, och då kan den även fungera som en handlingsplan.</p> / <p>The subject for this essay is the making of a gender equality plan for the Energicompany. The purpose with this inquiry was to investigate the employees attitude to equality between the sexes, at the workplace at the parent company Energi in the Energigroup. We were using questionnaire as method in our study. The main research findings are that there is a lot of work to be done considering gender equality in the organisation. We think that the gender equality plan also can be very useful for Energibolaget as it can be used as an action plan.</p>

<p>Utifrån ett genusvetenskapligt perspektiv undersöktes i uppsatsen vilka möjligheter och hinder som finns för jämställdhetsarbete på ett IT-företag. En enkätundersökning utifrån en bearbetning av ett enkätförslag från JämO kompletterades med kvalitativa intervjuer och relaterades till koncernens jämställdhetsplan och personalpolicy. Att organisationen bestod av tjänstemän och hade en platt organisationsstruktur var två faktorer som antogs prägla dess genuskontrakt, ett begrepp som hämtades från Hirdmans teoribildning. För att undersöka skillnaden mellan det samhälleliga jämställdhetsidealet och jämställdhet som praktik användes två teman, arbetsmiljö relaterat till genus och attityder till jämställdhet. Resultaten visade en organisation där jämställdhet var ett outtalat ideal, medan praktiskt jämställdhetsarbete saknades. Stort individuellt ansvar och hög grad av informell arbetsdelning var delar av de interna rutinerna. De främsta möjligheterna för aktivt jämställdhetsarbete var att det fanns kvinnor och män på alla nivåer och att individens kompetens värderades mycket högt. När det gällde hinder för jämställdhetsarbete var det för det första komplicerat för såväl chefer som medarbetare att över huvud taget definiera problem i termer av genus- och jämställdhetsfrågor. För det andra riskerade den som påtalade jämställdhetsproblem att mista viktiga kontakter och uppdrag. För det tredje fick medarbetarna själva på grund av den ständiga tidspressen och bristen på ledningsinitiativ i jämställdhetsfrågor hantera genusrelaterade problem individuellt, i mån av egen tid och kraft. Paradoxalt nog medförde anammandet av jämställdhetsidealet och företagets fokus på individens kompetens att genus inte tilläts bli en uttalad faktor som kunde påverka arbetsmiljön. På grund av det doldes ojämställdhet och därigenom även vikten av praktiskt jämställdhetsarbete.</p> / <p>In this essay, the opportunities and obstacles of gender equality work were examined from a gender theory perspective. A survey was used, based on a questionnaire from the Equal Opportunities Ombudsman (JämO), which was complemented by qualititative interviews. The data was then analyzed in relation to the equal opportunities policy and staff policy of the corporation head quarters. The organization had a non-hierarchical structure and consisted of salaried employees, which was asumed to influence its gender contract – a concept derived from the theories of Hirdman. In order to examine the difference between the ideal of gender equality in the Swedish society and the gender equality in practice, two themes were used, the work environment in relation to gender and attitudes towards gender equality. The result showed an organization where gender equality was an unspoken ideal, while active work for it was lacking. In the company, a high degree of individual responsibility and an informal distribution of work were parts of the internal routines. The foremost opportunities for actively working for gender equality were the fact that both men and women were found at all levels of the company, and that individual competence was highly valued. Three obstacles were identified. Firstly, it was complicated for both managers and staff to define problems in terms of gender and gender equality issues. Secondly, those who called attention to problems risked losing important contacts and commissions. Thirdly, due to the constant time pressure and the lack of initiative from management in gender equality issues, the employees had to handle problems arising relating to gender on their own, depending on their own time and energy. Paradoxically, the adopting of the ideal of gender equality and the focus on individual competence prevented gender being seen as a factor that could affect the work environment. By that, inequalities relating to gender were hidden and thereby also the importance of active gender equality work.</p>

Syftet med studien är att undersöka upplevelsen av och arbetet med jämställdhet på ett mansdominerat företag, hur kvinnor i produktionen upplever jämställdhet och hur företaget arbetar med jämställdheten. För att kunna förverkliga syftet har vi gjort en undersökning på ett svenskt industriföretag med verksamhet i ett flertal länder. Inför vår studie har vi besökt en av deras arbetsplatser som kan ses som en klassiskt mansdominerad arbetsplats då de endast har 9,9 % anställda kvinnor. För att analysera studien har vi valt att utgå ifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och har därefter valt passande teorier om bland annat skapande av kön och könsmärkning av organisationer. Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär då det empiriska materialet samlades in genom elva intervjutillfällen med tio olika informanter. Sju av dem är kvinnor som arbetar inom produktionen och tre av dem representerar företagets jämställdhetsarbete. I resultatet beskriver vi hur företaget arbetar med jämställdhetsfrågor och hur kvinnorna upplever jämställdheten på arbetsplatsen. Vi kom fram till att kvinnorna tyckte om sin arbetsplats, men att de såg vissa förbättringsområden inom jämställdheten på arbetsplatsen. Därtill hade de flesta en önskan av ett mer transparent jämställdhetsarbete som omfattar alla i organisationen. / The purpose of the study is to investigate the experience of and the work with gender equality in a male dominated company, how women in production experience gender equality and how the company work with gender equality. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, we have conducted a survey in a Swedish industrial company with operations in several countries. We visited one of their workplaces which can be seen as a classic male dominated workplace since they only have 9.9% employed women. For the analysis of the study we have chosen to proceed from a social constructivist perspective and we have subsequently chosen suitable theories about, among other things, the creation of gender and gender labelling of organizations. The study is of a qualitative nature as the empirical material was collected through eleven interviews with ten different informants. Seven of them are women who work in production and three of them represent the company's gender equality work. In the result, we describe how the company work with gender issues and how women experience gender equality in the workplace. We found that the women liked their workplace, but they saw some areas of improvement in the field of gender equality at the workplace. In addition, most had a desire for a more transparent gender equality work that includes everyone in the organization.

<p>This essay reflects upon how recruiters working at a recruitment-agency interpret their gender equality plan and their understanding of the term gender equality. This was done by semi-structured interviews with five recruiters. Through theories concerning the gender system, organization theory with a gender perspective and the doing-gender-perspective we have come to the conclusion that the employees of the company lack a coherent interpretation of gender equality. Concerning the gender equality plan there were diverse understandings of its meaning and the application of the plan is partly insufficient. As a recruitment agency there are a number of specific difficulties related to working towards gender equality. The employees are scattered between many different companies with different cultures, which makes it difficult to affect their situation actively. A recruitment agency must also constantly adjust to the degree of interest towards gender equality their clients have. Due to the lack of coherent meaning of the equality plan among the recruiters, the work towards equality is made more difficult. By giving more attention to the equality plan in formal meetings and increase the awareness of gender equality, the company can improve their strive for gender equality.</p> / <p>Uppsatsen belyser hur rekryterarna på ett bemanningsföretag tolkar sitt företags jämställdhetsplan och vilken förståelse de har av jämställdhetsbegreppet. Detta gjordes genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fem rekryterare. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna är bland annat genusordningen, organisationsteori med ett könsperspektiv och doing gender- perspektivet. Vi har kommit fram till att det inte finns någon enhetlig förståelse av vad jämställdhet är på Företaget. Även beträffande jämställdhetsplanen fanns skilda tolkningar och tillämpandet av planen är delvis bristfällig. Som bemanningsföretag möter man en rad specifika problem i relation till jämställdhetsarbete. Personalen är utslussad på olika företag med olika kulturer och det kan därför vara svårt att förfoga aktivt över sin personal. Ett bemanningsföretag måste också ständigt anpassa sig till kundens intresse av jämställdhet. Eftersom rekryterarna inte har en klar konsensus kring sin jämställdhetsplans betydelse försvåras jämställdhetsarbetet. Genom att ge jämställdhetsplanen mer utrymme i formella sammanhang och öka medvetenheten kring genus och jämställdhet kan företaget förbättra sitt jämställdhetsarbete.</p>