Mental health professionals are continually asked to determine whether an individual is safe to reside in society without restraint. However, early research on the ability of mental health professionals to assess dangerousness has produced discouraging results. A clinician’s ability to process and recall clinical material may significantly be influenced by patient characteristics. Clinicians are not immune to gender biases, and research assessing such differences between male and female clinicians -- including how their attitudes toward women influence their clinical judgment-- have yielded mixed results. This dissertation will assess the impact of clinician attitudinal factors, specifically gender biases, on perceptions of dangerousness. Furthermore, this dissertation will also examine themes that emerge regarding gender bias, racial bias, and attitudes toward women within the assessment of dangerousness.

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender os atravessamentos de gênero e violência nas concepções sobre o cuidado prestado por cônjugescuidadores e profissionais de saúde no contexto da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. O ato de cuidar de alguém é frequentemente atribuído às mulheres e a suas supostas capacidades de ser mais paciente, carinhosa e disponível ao outro que o homem em nossa sociedade. Os homens, por sua vez, quando cuidadores, sentem-se deslocados da masculinidade e de suas atribuições sociais. Isso é produto e produtor da ideologia de gênero que auxilia na manutenção da mulher nos espaços privados, dos homens nos espaços públicos, e evita mudanças na divisão sexual do trabalho. A ideologia de gênero também corrobora para que mulheres que sofreram violência perpetrada por seus parceiros íntimos venham a ser cuidadoras desses mesmos parceiros quando estes se encontram com deficiências/incapacidades/doenças sem prognóstico de cura. As ações de profissionais de saúde também são influenciadas pela ideologia de gênero, cuja reprodução torna invisível ou banal a violência de gênero. Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa que entrevistou 12 cônjuges-cuidadores (2 homens e 10 mulheres) e 14 profissionais de saúde de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde com Estratégia de Saúde da Família na periferia da Região Oeste do Município de São Paulo. Dentre os cônjuges entrevistados, 10 deles viveram situações de violência de gênero, sendo que 7 dessas situações de violência não eram conhecidas pelas equipes de saúde da família. As cuidadoras entrevistadas naturalizavam e reproduziam a violência de gênero vivida e compreendiam o cuidado como uma tarefa natural das mulheres, mesmo quando há/houve violência na relação com a pessoa de quem se cuida. Para os cuidadores cuidar significava gerência de cuidados, e sentiam-se na obrigação de justificar porque, sendo homens, cuidavam. A maioria dos profissionais de saúde reproduzia a ideologia de gênero em seus discursos, atribuindo à mulher a obrigação de cuidar, havendo uma banalização da violência de gênero. Todavia, alguns profissionais analisaram e questionaram as atribuições sociais de homens e mulheres, e a naturalização da mulher enquanto cuidadora e de escolha preferencial dos serviços de saúde para essa função. Para concluir, levanta-se a necessidade de criação de políticas públicas específicas para os cuidadores, ampliação de serviços públicos de cuidadores e outros serviços de suporte, como por exemplo, serviço de família acolhedora e repúblicas para idosos, centros de convivência, centros-dia, entre outros. Além disso, mostra-se necessário um investimento em formação profissional que contemple gênero e violência, a fim de que a atuação dos profissionais de saúde não recorra ao senso-comum e ao discurso ideológico no trabalho cotidiano com homens e mulheres / The aim of this study is to understand the crossings of gender and violence in conceptions about the care provided by family caregivers and health professionals in the context of the Family Health Strategy. The act of caring for someone is often attributed to women and their supposed ability to be more patient, affectionate and available to the other than a man in our society. The men, on the other hand, when caregivers feel dislocated from their masculinity and their social responsibilities. This is a product and producer of gender ideology that helps to keep the women in private, and men in public spaces, and avoids changes in the sexual division of labor. Gender ideology also reaffirms that women who experienced intimate partner violence may be caregivers of those partners when they are with disabilities / terminal disease. Actions of healthcare professionals are also influenced by gender ideology, whose reproduction makes the gender violence invisible or trivial. This is a qualitative study that interviewed 12 family caregiver (2 men and 10 women) and 14 health professionals from two Basic Health Units with Family Health Strategy in the suburb of the Western Side São Paulo City. Among the spouses interviewed, 10 of them have experienced situations of gender violence, 7 of these situations of violence were not known by the family health teams. The women caregivers interviewed thought violence as natural and reproduced the gender violence experienced and understood care as a natural task for women, even when there was violence in the relationship with the person who being cared for. For men caregivers take care meant care management, they felt compelled to justify why, being men, they used to care. Most health professionals reproduced the gender ideology in their speeches; attribute to women the obligation to care, with a trivialization of gender violence. However, some professionals have analyzed and questioned the social attributes of men and women, and how natural were for women working as caregivers and how they were the preferred choice of health services for this function. To conclude, the necessity to create specific policies for caregivers, expansion of public caregivers and other support services, such as welcoming family service for elderly and senior homesharing units, community centers, day centers, among others, increases. In addition, it appears necessary investment in training that addresses gender and violence, so that the performance of health professionals do not use the common sense and the ideological speech in everyday work with men and women

A dor central decorrente de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) por ser intensa e persistente, gera repercussões físicas, sociais, psicológicas e financeiras. Foram evidenciadas diferenças de gênero quanto aos aspectos sensoriais, fisiológicos, afetivos, sociais, culturais, cognitivos e comportamentais relacionados à dor. No entanto, há poucas pesquisas sobre gênero e dor e não existe consenso sobre diferenças entre homens e mulheres quanto à representação cognitiva e processos de enfrentamento da dor. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram: identificar e comparar os processos de enfrentamento de homens e mulheres com dor central decorrente de AVE; averiguar e comparar as representações cognitivas que homens e mulheres têm da sua dor e relacionar representações cognitivas e enfrentamento da dor. Foi realizada no Centro de Dor da Divisão de Clínica Neurológica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. Participaram do estudo 50 sujeitos, sendo 25 homens e 25 mulheres com dor central causada por AVE isquêmico ou hemorrágico, com duração de pelo menos 3 meses, idade igual ou superior a 30 anos e escolaridade mínima de 4 anos. Foram excluídos indivíduos com déficits cognitivos, de linguagem e com presença de sintomas psicóticos. Os sujeitos responderam um inquérito sobre dados demográficos e clínicos, Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), Escala Modos de Enfrentamento de Problemas (EMEP), uma pergunta aberta pertencente à EMEP, Questionário de Percepção da Doença Revisado (QPD-R) e Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB). Dos 50 sujeitos, 20 (10 homens e 10 mulheres) foram sorteados aleatoriamente para participar de entrevista semi-dirigida e do Procedimento Desenho-Estória com Tema. A estratégia Distrair a Atenção foi referida como a mais utilizada pelos sujeitos de ambos os grupos; as mulheres revelaram utilizar mais do que os homens as estratégias Busca de Práticas Religiosas e Pensamentos Fantasiosos da EMEP e Realizar Práticas Espirituais e Religiosas da questão aberta da EMEP; utilizar número maior de estratégias de enfrentamento em relação aos homens; associar mais do que os homens o Estado Emocional como causa da dor no QPD-R e o Fator Emocional como causa da dor na entrevista semi-dirigida. Verificou-se relação entre associar o Fator Emocional como causa da dor e utilizar a estratégia de enfrentamento Controlar as Emoções, perceber fatores internos como causa da dor e usar estratégias de enfrentamento Centradas na Emoção e referir aumento da intensidade da dor e utilizar estratégias de enfrentamento Centradas na Emoção. Os resultados apresentados podem contribuir para o tratamento de indivíduos com dor crônica / The central post-stroke pain is intense and constant and is a great physical, social, psychological and financial burden. Gender differences in relation to the sensory, physiological, emotional, social, cultural, cognitive and behavioral aspects involved in pain were evidenced. There are few researches about gender and pain and there is no consensus on men and women differences in cognitive representation and coping of pain processes. The research objectives were: identify and compare the coping processes of men and women with central post-stroke pain, investigate and compare the cognitive representations that men and women have of their pain and relate cognitive representations and coping of pain. It was performed at the Pain Center of Clinical Neurology Division, Hospital das Clínicas, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo. Participated in the study 50 subjects, 25 men and 25 women, with central pain caused by ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at least 3 months, age equal or superior of 30 years old and a minimum 4 year basic schooling. Individuals with cognitive or language deficit or with the presence of psychotic symptoms were excluded of the research. The subjects answered to a survey about demographic and clinical data, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Ways of Coping with Problems Scale (WCPS), open question that belongs to the WCPS, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Twenty (10 men and 10 women) of the 50 subjects were randomly selected to participate in a semi-directed interview and the Drawing-and-Story Procedure with Theme. The strategy to Distract Attention was more used by the subjects in both groups. The women indicated use more than men the strategies Search for Religious Practices and Fantasized Thoughts of the WCPS and Held Spiritual and Religious Activities in the open question of WCPS; used a greater number of coping strategies compared to men; associated more than men the Emotional State as the cause of pain in IPQ-R and the Emotional Factor as a cause of pain in the semi-directed interview. There was relationship between Emotional Factors associated as a cause of pain and use the Control Emotions coping strategy; realize internal factors as the cause of pain and use Emotional-Centered coping strategies and noted an increase of pain intensity and use Emotional-Centered coping strategies. The results can contribute to the treatment of patients with chronic pain

The fact that 45% of boys and 32% of girls in the United States participate in youth sports suggests that sports participation might be an important influence on children's psychosocial development. This study explored: (1) how children's gender cognitions influence sports self-efficacy and (2) how sports self-efficacy influences children's psychosocial adjustment. Results suggest that for boys, felt pressure to conform to gender standards and the belief that sports is important for boys influence sports self-efficacy. In girls, both the belief that sports is important for girls and the belief that sports is important for boys predicted sports self-efficacy. Sports self-efficacy predicted benefits for girls adjustment (high self-esteem, higher body satisfaction, lower depression and lower anxiety) but both positive and negative outcomes for boys (higher narcissism, higher aggression, and lower depression and lower anxiety). The findings overall suggest that the correlates of sports self-efficacy are somewhat different for boys and for girls. / by Patrick Cooper. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver um Questionário Multidimensional para Imagem Social do Enfermeiro (QMISE) a fim de estudar a imagem da profissão segundo a visão de estudantes do ensino médio. O questionário foi submetido a validação de conteúdo, validação aparente, análise semântica e foi aplicado em uma amostra de 269 estudantes dos 5 sub-setores do município de Ribeirão Preto/SP. A taxa de alunos faltosos associada a taxa de alunos que recusaram-se a participar do estudo não permite que a amostra possa ser utilizada como inferência para a população. A amostra foi composta de 62,1% de mulheres, com uma média etária de 16,6 anos. A proporção de mulheres que almejam cursos universitários foi maior que a proporção de homens e o fator mais importante de escolha para as profissões foi salários altos, no entanto, percebe-se um desconhecimento geral sobre as carreiras desejadas. A maioria dos pais tem no máximo o primeiro grau completo e menos de 30% das mães estão fora do mercado de trabalho. A Enfermagem obteve um bom posicionamento (6ºlugar) no ranking de status social entre 15 profissões. Em relação à percepção salarial, a Enfermagem variou para a 8ª posição geral. As profissões de conotação social masculina obtiveram melhores posições tanto no ranking salarial como de status, se comparadas com as profissões de conotação social feminina. A maioria dos estudantes classificou positivamente contatos anteriores com o profissional de Enfermagem. Houve uma tendência a neutralidade em relação à aceitação de estereótipos de gênero para as carreiras, entretanto Engenharia, Psicologia e Nutrição receberam classificação dentro de estereótipos de gênero da maioria dos estudantes da amostra. Não foi detectada a presença dos estereótipos \"enfermeira como símbolo sexual\" nem do \"enfermeiro afeminado\", contudo os estereótipos \"Enfermagem como profissão feminina\" e \"submissão\" foram encontrados. A maioria dos estudantes relatou desconhecer a diferença entre os profissionais da equipe de Enfermagem e houve uma confusão entre os papéis do Enfermeiro e Auxiliar de Enfermagem. Mais de 70% da amostra referiu não ter interesse na escolha da Enfermagem como carreira. A maioria dos estudantes manifesta a valorização do cuidado mostrando coerência com o bom posicionamento da Enfermagem no ranking de status social, entretanto o fator autonomia não obteve consenso entre os estudantes e a maioria classificou o médico como o coordenador do trabalho. As características integrantes do cuidado humanizado foram classificadas como importantes, porém com uma avaliação feminina, podendo sugerir uma interpretação de um \"fazer menor\". O índice de desinteresse pela profissão não obteve diferenças entre homens e mulheres, o que pode sugerir uma futura crise também para o recrutamento feminino caso estes dados fossem confirmados na população. Considerando-se a atual crise de recrutamento e retenção de Enfermeiros enfrentada por países como Canadá e Estados Unidos da América parece emergencial o desenvolvimento de estratégias de esclarecimento dos estudantes a fim de atrair talentos para a Enfermagem em ambos os gêneros. / This study aimed to develop a Multidimensional Questionnaire for Social Image of Nurse (QMISE) to study the profession image according to high school students. The Questionnaire was submitted to content validation, apparent validation and semantic analysis. It was also applied in a sample of 269 high school students from Ribeirao Preto / SP city, Brazil. The rate of students that wasn\'t in class associated with the rate of students who refused to participate in the study does not allow the sample be an inference to the population. The sample was composed of 62.1% women, with an mean age of 16,6 years. The proportion women who desire faculty courses was higher than the proportion of men and high salaries was the most important factor for choose the career, however, there is lack of information about the desired careers. Most parents didn\'t even begin the high school program and less than 30% of the mothers are unemployed or work at home. Most students said do not suffered influence of parent\'s career but the parents give them advices about the professional future. Nursing got a good position (6 th place) in the ranking of social status among 15 different professions. But for the salaries perception Nursing varies to the 8th position. The professions with social suggestion as males profession obtained better ranking positions in both (status and salaries), if compared to the female\'s. Most students evaluate positively previous contacts with the nursing professionals. There was a tendency to neutrality for acceptance careers gender stereotypes, however Engineering, Psychology and Nutrition received evaluation with gender stereotypes of the majority of students in the sample. It was not detected the presence of stereotypes \"nurse as a sexual symbol\" or the \"effeminate nurse\", however the stereotypes \"nursing as a female profession\" and \"submission\" was detected. Most students reported ignoring the difference between the professional team of Nursing and there was doubt between the roles of Nurse and Nurse Helper. Over 70% reported not having interest in choice nursing as a career. Most students expressed the value of care, however the autonomy factor received no consensus among students and the majority described doctors as the coordinator. Apparently there is a meaning of care as important, but a care whose autonomy is not yet consensus and coordinated by the medical team. Furthermore, the characteristics of humanized care were classified as important, but as women characteristics and it may suggest an interpretation of \"less important\". The rate of disinterest by the nursing career received no differences between men and women, which may suggest a future crisis also to recruit women if these data are confirmed in the population. Considering the current crisis in recruitment and retention of nurses and nursing students faced by countries such as Canada and the United States nowadays, seems emergently the development strategies for improve nursing image in order to attract talents for Nursing in both genders.

Though technically not a new phenomenon historically or geographically, non-binary identities arestarting to be more visible in Sweden, and have become a topic of both discussion concerninghuman rights and anti-discriminatory practices, but also mockery. In this thesis I wanted to have acloser look at how Swedish people identifying as neither wholly male nor female presentthemselves on social media in text and image, as well as how they describe the resistance they meetin regards to their identity and choices of presentation. Its theoretical basis lies in works of JudithButler, Jack Halberstam and Lee Edelman to examine which societal structures the subjects of thisstudy have to relate to. The source of my empirical material are ten Instagram accounts, which wereanalysed via an integrated discourse psychology/discourse theory approach. During the period ofmaterial collection, an incident in the shape of a public debate concerning trans questions had aconsiderable impact on the lives of the subjects of this study, consequentially making it a significanttheme of the thesis. The results show the difficulty of trying to hold a balance between or outsidethe gender and/or sex binary in a society which only recognizes male and female, as well as theconflicts of identity which can arise when one’s gender identity clashes with other importantpersonal values.

A invisibilidade da violência contra a mulher revela-se em taxas subestimadas de sua ocorrência, tornando-se um problema a ser enfrentado pela saúde. A cabeça e face são freqüentemente comprometidas pelos traumas, o que aponta para estudos de avaliação da complexidade anatômica, funcional e estética destas estruturas e das conseqüências à saúde da mulher. Objetivou-se estudar os casos de lesões corporais dolosas que tiveram comprometimento no complexo maxilomandibular entre mulheres que compareceram ao Instituto Médico Legal de Ribeirão Preto para exame de corpo de delito. A amostra compôs-se de 67 mulheres atendidas no período de maio de 2005 a outubro de 2006. É um estudo descritivo exploratório que utiliza de abordagem quantitativa para estabelecer o perfil das vítimas e agressores além da tipificação da violência. Foram analisados os traumas no complexo com base na análise clínica odontológica, os quais foram fotografados para a devida classificação jurídica da lesão. A abordagem qualitativa de entrevistas realizadas com base na técnica da análise temática, com vista a compreender a visão das mulheres sobre a violência sofrida, as conseqüências a sua saúde e formas de enfrentamento. Os dados foram coletados em dois momentos durante o exame pericial e no retorno após 30 dias. Foram seguidas as normas éticas para pesquisa envolvendo seres humanos. As mulheres tinham em média 31,5 anos, a maioria declarou-se branca. Todas as mulheres eram alfabetizadas; a maioria pertencia a classificação sócio-econômico C e E segundo a ABA/ABIPEME. 9% das mulheres estavam desempregadas e 23,9% eram do lar. A idade média dos agressores foi de 39 anos, 62,7% dos agressores trabalhavam como autônomos e a cor branca prevaleceu entre os agressores (58,2%). 91,04% dos casos, os agressores utilizaram do corpo como agente provocador de agressão, através de socos, pontapés e empurrões. Na classificação jurídica das lesões, 50 (74,6%) foram consideradas leves; 12 (17,9%) como graves e 5 (7,5%) como gravíssimas. Para o exame clínico odontológico foram construídos alguns indicadores, com base na anatomia e fisiologia do complexo maxilomandibular. Analisando as falas das entrevistadas, depreendemos 04 categorias temáticas centrais: Contexto da violência; Rede de Suporte e Ajuda; Compreensão da violência sofrida; Conseqüências para sua saúde. O conhecimento e o entendimento dos agravos que interferem a saúde bucal e a saúde da mulher promovem uma reflexão sobre as condições de vida e saúde, contribuindo para a realização de ações preventivas nas diversas áreas, assim como no planejamento de ações assistenciais que vão desde o atendimento das emergências até a reabilitação e a reintegração junto à sociedade, frente a qual a Odontologia juntamente com outras disciplinas tem importante papel. / The invisibility of violence is checked in the underestimated rates of its real occurrence. It\'s a problem to be faced for health area due to all physical and mental problems cause by this in woman\'s health. The most common region affect in a violence episode is the head and face. That\'s why studies about the complexity of anatomy, physiology and aesthetic of those structures are so important. Our aim in this study was to study all women who have gone to the IML/RP to exam of their bodies. The period of the study was May, 2005 to October, 2006. During this period, 284 women were seen in that service, but just 67 (23,59%) had face injuries. One questionnaire was applied in order to provide data about the woman\'s profile, all data was analyzed by using SPSS Program. Qualitative analysis was also developed with all 67 women by using Thematic Analyses in order to understand the perceptions about the suffered violence, health consequences and pathways of reaction. The cases with craniomaxilal injuries were verified and categorized in legal deontology principles. Data were collect in two distinct moments: first in the first day of exam, second in the return (30days). All ethical rules were respected in the whole study steps. The average age was 31,5 years-old, with minimum of 19 and maximum of 44 years-old. All of them studied, among them 41,8% did the first degree and 37,3% did the second one. The criteria established by ABA/ABIPEME were used to estimate the economical condition. Only 9% of women were unemployed and 23,9% were homecare. The age of aggressor goes from 16 to 62 years. The media age was 39 years, 42% of them were free workers and most of them were white(58,2%). Most of aggressors were partners or ex-partners, and the use of alcohol and drugs was significant. The men\'s bodies were used as guns against their women: slaps, kicks were most common expressions of violence. Judicial classification of lesions were distinguished as: 50 (74,6%) light, severe in 12 (17,9%) and very severe in 5(7,5%). For oral examination a protocol was developed by respecting the anatomy and physiology of maxillofacial structures. Analyzing the statements of women 04 categories were defined: Violence context, Net Support and Help, Understanding the suffered violence and Health Consequences. The knowledge of the facial injuries that affect so many women makes us to reflect about health and life conditions of many women around the world, how suffering is happening away and nobody knows. This study contributes to many discussions about this issue and also helps on the planning of assistance actions since the first contact with the victimized women until their whole reintegration and rehabilitation, in witch Dentistry has an important role.

Death by suicide, and suicidal behaviors, are a significant public mental health problem, and individuals who are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered and questioning (LGBTQ), may be at increased risk. Potential underlying mechanisms of this association are unknown, but may involve the impact of LGBTQ status on future orientation and mood. Our purpose was to determine the influence of sexual identity, sequentially, on cognitive and emotional functioning, and consequent relation to suicidal behavior. In a sample of 349 college students, we used serial mediation models to investigate the relation between self-identification as LGBTQ and suicidal behavior, with hope and hopelessness as first-order mediators and depression as a second order mediator. Supporting hypotheses, we found that LGBTQ status was related to less hope and greater hopelessness and, in serial fashion, to depressive symptoms and consequent suicidal behavior. Our findings may have clinical implications. Resolution of hopelessness and depression, and promotion of hopefulness, perhaps via Motivational Interviewing and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy strategies, such as goal-setting, may reduce suicidal risk in LGBTQ young adults.

This qualitative, narrative study examined the lived experiences of transgender students at four-year institutions in the South. The college transition process and academic and social integration for transgender students was explored through the frameworks of Transition Theory (Schlossberg, 1995), Minority Stress Theory (Meyer, 1995; Breslow, Brewster, Velez, Wong, Geiger, & Soderstrom, 2015), and Academic and Social Integration theories (Tinto, 1975; Braxton, Hirschy, & McClendon, 2004). College climates can be challenging for transgender students, especially when campus staff and faculty are not prepared and/or aware of transgender students’ needs (Pryor, 2015). How students perceive their academic and social integration as well as how their integration was influenced by their gender identity was a key component of this study. Through a four-phase data collection process, transgender students had the opportunity to tell, share, and reflect on their experiences as transgender undergraduate students navigating the college transition, academic, and social integration processes. Through data collection and analysis, four categories emerged from participant responses: 1) Navigating Identity, 2) College Transition and Challenges, 3) Environment, Space, and Climate, and 4) Sympathizing with Others. Within each category, several sub-categories were identified as well. Institutions of higher education must recognize the ever-growing presence of transgender students on their campuses. Moreover, institutions have the opportunity and responsibility to create policies, spaces, and opportunities that allow transgender college students to have a supportive academic and social integration process.

I take a critical view of sociopolitical and cultural issues dealing with homoeroticism andgay politics. I explore gender theories in order to further understand what it means to bemasculine or feminine and how it affects my placement in society. I use art as a tool forexpressing sexual freedom while questioning traditional sexual identity. I'm interested in exploring ideas of the oppressor and the oppressed, and how power becomes an inevitable force (in every society) that creates a hierarchy, consequently establishing control. But what is power? According to various definitions, power is an entity that possesses and or exercises authority or influence. I want to focus on this idea of exercising authority, which one can argue we need, but why? To prevent chaos or is it to control a society? What about exercising influence? Do we need an influence exercised upon us? Or does that make us subjected to another person's subjective point of views? These are questions that I directly or indirectly ask with my work in relationship to gender, gender roles, and sexual orientation. I am interested in Judith Butler's theory in performing gender, and how in performing gender, one assumes social hierarchy of power depending on what gender we are performing. If I am a man performing as a man then I am treated differently by society than if I am a woman performing as a woman. But what happens if I am a man performing as a man who prefers men as lovers, or a woman who prefers other woman as lovers? In what context is this situation accepted by our society? And is it different for men and women? And why? What does it mean to be a man? What does it mean to be a woman, within the context of performance? Then taking it a step further and argue that we are all performing subjective ideas constructed by social norms.