The aim of the study was to examine how advocacy workers from different governmental and non-governmental organisations work with female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and gender equality in The Gambia. We further examined their experienced difficulties and the provided support to women exposed to FGM/C. The study was based on field observations of events, meetings and educational events, as well as semi-structured and open-ended interviews with ten participants. Through a thematic analysis, findings show that counselling were the main form of support, and the most experienced difficulties was the male dominance, the cultural belief and the culture of silence. Education, traditional forums and advocacy where therefore used as informative tools regarding gender roles, power positions and the harmfulness of FGM/C. Thus, findings confirm the importance of the continuous work with the gender roles, the social exclusion of the unmutilated women and the gatekeeping roles hindering the abandonment of the harmful practice.

In 2011, France was the first European country to enforce the Concealment Act which statesthat any type of face concealing clothing in the public sphere is banned. France is a memberof the European Union, and the right to freedom of thought, religion and conscience is one ofthe significant fundamental human rights. Thus, questions arise whether this legislationinterferes with the religious liberty of Muslim women. This research is evaluating how thecontemporary ban is related to religious liberty when accounting for the historicalbackground. The research addresses the continuous attempt of France, especially afterIslamic terror attacks, to restrict the Islamic clothing and assimilate the French andwesternized identity to Muslim women. The principle of laicite and France’s historicalbackground shows the country's strong separation of religion and state.

This paper examines the literature surrounding women's rights in the Muslim world to determine the factors that have contributed to the oppression of women in the Muslim world and to understand the role that different interpretations of Islam can have on either restricting or improving the status of women in the Muslim world. The practices of Muslim people as a population deviate from what is prescribed by Islam in some cases, contributing to the misconception that the restrictive practices toward women in many Muslim-majority countries are founded in Islamic teachings. Factors such as individual levels of religiosity and adherence to traditionalist views influence support for gender egalitarian values, suggesting that religiosity itself, not adherence to a particular religion, may underlie the oppression of women. This literature review also found that specific teachings of the prophet Muhammad and verses from the Quran clearly contradict the practices of Muslim populations when it comes to issues such as women's veiling, education, and employment. When political, religious, and educational leaders align themselves with the fight for women's rights, they can influence positive outcomes such as increased awareness of violence against women and shortcomings in women's education.

Utgångspunkten i denna studie är att synliggöra om jämställdhetsperspektivet i förhållande till det politiska styrets sammansättning skulle kunna antas vara en påverkansfaktor när det kommer till det politiska styrets legitimitet. Studien utgår ifrån tidigare forskning och teorier kring jämställdhetsfaktorns påverkan på politisk legitimitet så väl som organisationers överlevnad, vikten av igenkänning och förutsättningar för att förstå enskildas behov och intressen. För att uppfylla studiens syfte och undersöka om dagens politiska jämställdhet både korrelerar med legitimiteten och kanske till och med kan antas påverka utfallet har det genom det teoretiska underlaget tagits fram 3 hypoteser. Hypoteser som anger riktning på relationen mellan jämställhet och legitimitet genom att identifiera indikatorer för det senare samt testa dessa med hjälp av korrelations- och regressionsanalyser. Av resultatet att döma syntes relationer existera i enlighet med det teoretiska underlaget men att anta att jämställdhet spelar någon faktiskt roll och kanske till och med påverkar nivån av legitimitet går inte att säga. De genomförda analyserna visade att den överblicksbild av relationen mellan jämställdhet och politisk legitimitet som syns under början på 2000-talet inte säger mer än att det finns en relation fenomen mellan idag. Och att det på grund av studiens begränsningar inte går att utläsa om den ena faktorn påverkan den andra. För att dra sådana slutsatser krävs en mer omfattande longitudinell studie som även tar hänsyn till de förändrade synsätten på jämställdhet över tid. / The starting point of this study is to make visible whether the gender perspective in relation to the composition of political governance could be assumed to be an influencing factor when it comes to its legitimacy. The study is based on previous research and theories about the gender equality factor's impact on political legitimacy as well as the survival of organizations, the importance of recognition and the conditions for understanding individuals' needs and interests. To fulfill the purpose of the study and investigate whether today's political gender equality both correlates with legitimacy and perhaps even can be assumed to affect the outcome, 3 hypotheses have been developed through the theoretical basis. Hypotheses that indicate the direction of the relationship between equality and legitimacy by identifying indicators for the latter and testing these using correlation and regression analyses. Judging from the result, relations appeared to exist in accordance with the theoretical material, but to assume that equality plays any actual role and perhaps even affects the level of legitimacy cannot be said. The analyses carried out showed that the overview of the relationship between gender equality and political legitimacy that is visible in the early 2000s says nothing more than that there is a relationship between them today. And that due to the study's limitations it is not possible to determine whether one factor affects the other. To draw such conclusions, a more comprehensive longitudinal study is required that also considers the changing views on gender equality over time. / <p>2022-06-14</p>

Costa Rica is in many aspects a well-developed country, but as many other countries there is still a lot of inequality between the genders. Which can take its form in violence towards minorities such as women and children. The region is also influenced heavily by very conservative gender norms. The aim of this study is to conduct an in-depth investigation of the occurrence of gender-based violence (GBV). As well as to understand the societal and cultural factors that serve as institutional mechanisms and how they impact the country's development. The study will focus on institutions as structural features of public policy, and the norms set by these institutions that affect laws and civil society. By identifying these institutional mechanisms through the help of our respondents and relevant theories, the study will analyze the legislation, policies and cultural norms that exist within Costa Rican society and compare them with the insights provided by the respondents. This will be achieved through first-hand experiences and observations obtained from in-depth interviews with women and professionals who work and live in Costa Rica. The responses from the interviews will serve as the primary source of data for analysis. The result will be analyzed using Hirdman gender theories: Bandura A. social learning theory, and new institutional theory. The analysis will be presented in different themes, focusing on the legislation and the implementation of laws. The second theme will discuss in more detail the institutional mechanisms and how they impact the development of the country. The study findings indicate that Costa Rica has an underrepresentation of women in the political sphere and society overall, and there is no priority on women's issues. The patriarchal structure perpetuates a damaging worldview for women, machismo, and cultural traditions are some of the examples of informal mechanisms of influence present in the society. In conclusion, GBV is a significant problem in Costa Rica that leads to a high number of women being hurt or killed each year and makes it harder to move forward when it comes to sustainable development. The study finds that institutionalized norms influence the country's politics and contribute to the rise in cases of GBV. Costa Rica is in a unique position concerning sustainable development, and it is essential to study this issue, especially given the country`s previously positive development trajectory. There is also a lack of studies and work by Sweden and Sida in Central and Latin America.

This study examines the implementation of gender equality policies within the SwedishArmed Forces. Through a theoretical base of Olsson's implementation theory this study uses aqualitative textual analysis to analyze the government’s directives outlined in appropriationsdirections, the organization’s gender equality plans, and the annual reports. The paper seeks tounderstand the factors that may influence the organization’s imp lementation process andoutcomes by applying the central concepts of the theory understanding, capability, andwillingness . The findings of this study demonstrate a willingness from both the governmentand the Armed Forces to enhance gender equality withi n the organization, but that theincrease occurs slowly and as a result the objectives are not met or are lowered. The studyindicate that the implementation process can be hampered by unclear political directives,horizontal communication problems and dif ficulties in getting the gender equality issue to beconsidered a priority throughout the organization. By providing insights into the SwedishArmed Forces’ efforts towards gender equality, this study contributes to the broaderunderstanding of organizatio nal implementation processes and the challenges faced inpromoting gender equality within a large hierarchical and bureaucratic defense organization.

This article examines the Swedish government's decoupling of feminism and gender equality. Drawing on scholarship on feminist backsliding and gender ideology, this article suggests that the Swedish government's decision to abandon the feminist agenda in its foreign policy reflects broader trends of anti-genderism as both an international and transnational phenomenon. I argue that the Swedish government separates feminism from gender equality in order to allow for a more conservative shaping of women's roles without rejecting gender equality, while respecting the social and cultural context. The study uses norm spoiling and critical frame analysis on the political manifestos of the governing parties to examine how the issue of feminism and gender equality are respectively framed and serve to drive a wedge between the two ideas. The article concludes by discussing similarities between the key frames identified in the analysis and those identified in the literature on transnational gender ideology discourse, finding that a common strategy to impede women's rights is evident.

The manufacturing industry has reported gender equality issues, both in relation to the underrepresentation of female employees within the industry as a whole and in managerial positions as well as the abindant existence of gendered roles and stereotypes. As a result of gender inequalities, women employees face difficulties advancing in their career. The aim of this study is to seek an understanding of how organizarional culture creates gendered career by studying both barriers and enablers. The findings show that the organizational culture is influenced by a masculine ideal disfavoring women and thereby women's ability to have certain working roles and maintain a sustainable work life balance. Further, it is argued that the organizational culture puts pressure on women to conform to the existing culture that hinders women's  careers advancement and continues to promote the masculine ideal. Contributions are made by applying existing theories to a new case within the field attempting to contribute with new empirical data within the research field of gender equality and women's career advancement. / Tillverkningsindustrin har rapporterat om ej jämställda förhållanden mellan men och kvinnor, både när det kommer till underrepresentation av kvinnliga anställda inom industrin i sin helhet men även i chefspositioner samt förekomsten av stereotyper och könsroller. Detta resulterar i att kvinnliga anställda mäter svårigheter och utmaningar när det kommer till att avancera i karriären. Syftet med studien är att förstå hur organisationskultur skapar könad karriär genom att studera både barriärer och möjligheter. Resultaten visar att organisationskulturen är influerad av maskulinitetsideal och starkt könskodade roller och positioner vilket hindrar kvinnors möjlighet att ta sig an särskilda arbetstoller samt upprätthålla balans mellan arbetslivet och privatlivet. Vidare påvisar studien att organisationskulturen sätter press på kvinnor att anpassa sig till kulturen på arbetsplatsen vilket hindrar kvinnors karriärutveckling och fortsätter främja ett manligt ideal. Studien bidrar till tidigare forskning genom att tillämpa existerande teorier på ett nytt unikt fall samt bidtat den med nytt empiriskt material till forskningsområdet inom jämställdhet och kvinnors karriärvägar.

Human trafficking is a serious crime which restricts people's fundamental rights and privileges. Worldwide, human trafficking is controlled by organized communities including Sweden. It is a widespread problem that’s affecting a lot of people. The debate about human trafficking is being pushed out of the way by shootings and disposal of drugs. Gang crimes are being raised in many different types of contexts and you can read daily about new shootings and different kinds of promises from the politicians. But in the shadow of gang crime, we find people who’re forced into sexual exploitation. Worldwide, humans are being sold for sexual purposes, the statistics are unclear, but it is around 20.9 million people, this is a really serious problem that we have to overcome. The main purpose with this essay is to compare Socialdemokraterna, Sverigedemokraterna and Moderaternas plan of action to decrease human trafficking by using Bacchi’s WPR method - What's the problem represented to be? The study intends to apply the research from Sexuell människohandel - En fråga om tillgång och efterfrågan together with Expertstöd mot människohandel - kända fall 2021 maintained by Jämställdhetsmyndigheten. In this research we’re going to apply the theories Demand theory and Publicity of prostitution written by Thozama Mandisa and Mark Lanier. The essay is based on a triangulation and is based on motions, propositions and the parties' party programs and also a survey that we have sent out to members of the parties. In the result we did a parallel discussion of what kind of actions Socialdemokraterna, Sverigedemokraterna and Moderaterna talked about when it came down to the problem with human trafficking. This essay emphasizes that the parties Socialdemokraterna, Sverigedemokraterna and Moderaterna have a strong belief in restricting the legislation and a demand for increased resources. The problem is based on demands and the parties are considered to be in agreement. Despite that, the problem remains.

In some aspect gender equality could be considered threatened by a growing backlash all around the world and without commitment to achieve what has been agreed so far it will continue to remain an unachievable goal. The objective of this research is to look into the fifth of the Sustainable Developmental Goals, which strives to promote gender equality and empowerment of women and girls. Further, this thesis is done through qualitative research with abductive reasoning by doing a single case study looking at Bangladesh in order to try and make sense of the research gap that was found through the literature review. In addition, the theory used throughout this research is Steven Lukes´s and his three dimensions of power which will be used in order to try and answer the research questions. Lastly, this research is relevant to the subject of peace and development since it is connected to sustainable development which is important for future development.    Bangladesh has been comparatively more successful than its neighbouring states at implementing gender equality. But as the main result of this thesis showed they still struggle in many aspects and power structures and power relations are one of the main reasons for the problems that have occurred when trying to implement the fifth goal. The lack of data that is prevailing all over the world in this field also plays a huge role in making it difficult the implementation of the SDG. The research also found that the theory used in the research was not as fully applicable as first thought however it could be used in order to discuss the findings in some ways and in order to answer the research question asked in the research.