De l’avis de nombreux observateurs, le monde a connu en 2008 une crise économique sans précédent depuis la Grande dépression des années trente. Au premier chef des victimes de ces dérives de l’économie globale figurent les travailleurs du monde entier. Investie depuis 1919 d’un mandat de protection à l’égard de ces derniers, l’Organisation internationale du Travail (OIT) se doit d’être une force de propositions en ces périodes difficiles. La présente étude se propose d’analyser l’évolution des réponses normatives produites par l’OIT au lendemain des crises économiques et financières mondiales depuis sa création. Il s’agira également de mettre en corrélation le degré d’audace de l’Organisation et la composition de la scène internationale qui préside à chacune des époques considérées. Le premier chapitre sera pour nous l’occasion de montrer comment l’OIT, née dans un contexte de crise économique dans les années vingt puis confrontée en 1930 à une autre crise majeure, a su tirer profit de ces situations qui confirment sa raison d’être et la pousse à s’enquérir de nouvelles compétences (chapitre I). Nous ferons ensuite étape dans une époque marquée par la prolifération de nouvelles organisations internationales avec lesquelles l’OIT entre en concurrence : l’ère onusienne. Nous verrons comment la position de l’Organisation sur la scène internationale influe sur sa réactivité face aux crises économiques et politiques du moment (chapitre II). Forts de ces considérations historiques, nous serons enfin à même de comprendre la souplesse normative caractérisant la réaction de l’OIT face à la crise de 2008. Nous serons également en mesure de comprendre comment cette crise historique a modifié l’ordre mondial et influé sur la position de l’Organisation dans l’agencement international (chapitre III). / In the opinion of many observers, the world witnessed in 2008 an unprecedented economic crisis since the Great Depression of the thirties. The primary victims of these gobal economic breakdowns are the workers of the world. Invested since 1919 to a term of protection with respect to the latter, the International Labour Organization (ILO) has to be a vector for proposals in these difficult times. This study aims to analyze the evolution of the normative responses produced by the ILO in the wake of global economic and financial crises since its inception. It will also correlate the Organization's degree of boldness and the composition of the international picture in place over each period considered. The first chapter will give us the opportunity to show how the ILO, born in a context of economic crisis in the twenties and then facing another major crisis in 1930, has taken advantage of these situations to confirm its raison d'être and has been driven to inquire about new competencies (chapter I). We will then step in an era marked by the proliferation of new international organizations with which the ILO is in competition: the UN era. We will see how the Organization's position on the international scene affects its responsiveness to economic and political crises of the moment (chapter II). Instructed on these historical considerations, we will finally be able to understand the normative flexibility characterizing the ILO's response to the 2008 crisis. We will also be able to understand how this historic crisis has changed the world order and has affected the Organization's position in the international layout (chapter III).

This thesis deals the phenomenon of globalization in relation to aspects of its origin, content, course and possible further development. It presents the current debate experts, social scientists and theological authorities, aspecially Pope Benedict XVI., in the most important topics of globalization different walks of life: political, economic, social, enviromental and religious. The thesis also presents future scenarios of globalization to the public interpreted contemporary experts. The main emphasis is placed on interpretation of the globalization process secular world view and Catholic social doctrine.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:30:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 matsunaga_f_me_mar.pdf: 578631 bytes, checksum: 4f9ea920c19f05a53f249fdb3e1b0a5d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura (UNESCO) é estruturada de forma multidisciplinar atuando nas diversas áreas do saber e conhecimento. Uma delas é a questão ambiental, que ganha cada vez mais destaque no cenário internacional. Atualmente está em desenvolvimento e execução a Década da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável, que vai de 2005-2014 (DEDS) e conta com diversas parcerias e busca ampliar ações em prol da Sustentabilidade Ambiental. Este projeto é estruturado de forma a pensar e discutir a Governança Global Ambiental (GGA) – sua origem, processos e problemas (conceituais e práticos) - e entender como a UNESCO contribui para a GGA através da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (EDS). Embora a UNESCO seja uma Instituição de atuação global, enfocaremos as ações e debates desenvolvidos na Bacia Amazônica relacionados principalmente com o Programa Latino-Americano e Caribenho de Educação Ambiental (PLACEA), no âmbito da Iniciativa Latino Americana e Caribenha de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ILAC), proposta pela Venezuela em 2003 e o Plano Andino-amazônico de Comunicação e Educação Ambiental (PANACEA), proposto pelo Peru em 2005 / The United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is structured in a multidisciplinary way acting on several areas of knowledge. One of that is the environmental that gain more space in the international scene. The United Nations Decade of the Education for the Sustainable Development from 2005 to 2014 is an initiative in progress that has many partnerships and seeks to expand actions toward Environmental Sustainability. This project is structured in a way that allow us to think and discuss the Environmental Global Governance (EGG) – its origins, process and problems (conceptual and practical) and understand how the UNESCO contribute to the EGG throughout the Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Although it is an Institution of global scale, our focus will be in the actions and debates on the Amazon Region specially those that are related with the Latin American and Caribbean Program of Environmental Education (PLACEA), part of the of the Latin American and Caribbean Initiative for Sustainable Development (ILAC), proposed by Venezuela in 2003 and the Andean-amazonic Plan of Environmental Communication and Education (PANACEA), proposed by Peru in 2005

A ascensão de atores não estatais tem suscitado agendas de pesquisa que questionam a centralidade do Estado e de seus agentes na área de Relações Internacionais. A emergência do setor privado (empresas) e do chamado terceiro setor (ONGs) em temas de Regulação e Governança Global têm promovido um profícuo debate, de caráter interdisciplinar, com outras áreas do campo das Humanidades, especialmente o Direito e a Economia. A presente dissertação buscou demonstrar como o sucesso da atuação de atores não estatais na provisão de regras internacionais, para temas como meio ambiente, padrões trabalhistas, e responsabilidade socioambiental, depende de um grande número de variáveis, dificilmente circunscritas a uma única dimensão de análise. A pesquisa realiza uma ampla sistematização bibliográfica das diferentes literaturas em Ciência Política, Relações Internacionais e Economia Institucional e das Organizações sobre regulação e governança privada na busca de denominadores comuns para a compreensão do alcance e dos limites da atuação de atores privados na promoção de regras internacionais de comércio. O estudo de caso em tela versa sobre as dificuldades de influência e adesão dos agentes do sistema produtivo da soja no Brasil à iniciativa transnacional da Associação Internacional da Soja Responsável (RTRS), a partir de um modelo síntese elaborado para integrar as diferentes literaturas. As dimensões levantadas neste estudo evidenciam que variáveis políticas e econômicas geram incentivos para a criação de regras internacionais privadas capazes de harmonizar padrões de produção e comércio de soja em escala global. No entanto, argumenta-se que tais incentivos, no Brasil, não contribuem para a constituição de um ambiente institucional e econômico favorável ao sucesso das iniciativas transnacionais privadas de regulação. Dessa forma, o resultado é uma não conformidade entre os incentivos internacionais e a coordenação dos agentes privados brasileiros para a regulação da soja. / The rise of non-state actors has evoked research agendas that challenge the centrality of the State and its agents in the field of International Relations. The emergence of the private sector (businesses) and of the so-called third sector (NGOs) on Regulation and Global Governance issues have promoted a fruitful interdisciplinary debate with other areas of humanities, especially Law and Economics. This dissertation sought to demonstrate how non state actors success performance in the provision of international rules for issues such as environment, labor standards and environmental responsibility, depends on a large number of variables, hardly confined to a single dimension of analysis. The research conducts an extensive bibliographic systematization of different literatures in Political Science, International Relations and Institutional and Organizational Economics regarding regulation and private governance, seeking for common denominators to understand the scope and limits of private actors role in the promotion of international trade rules. The case study on the screen discusses the Brazilian soybean producers difficulties to influence and adhere to the transnational initiative of the International Association on Responsible Soy (RTRS), using a synthesis model developed to integrate different literatures. The dimensions raised in this study show that political and economic variables generate incentives for the creation of private international rules adequate for harmonizing soybean production and trade patterns globally. However, it is argued that such incentives in Brazil do not contribute to the creation of an institutional and economic environment propitious to the success of transnational private regulatory initiatives. Thus, the result is a non-conformity between international incentives and coordination of Brazilian private agents for soybean regulation.

Ce travail vise à faire ressortir les enjeux de la diversité culturelle et de la pluralité linguistique face à la volonté d’émergence des pays francophones du Sud, exprimée au lendemain des années 2000. La déconstruction et la reconstruction des concepts d’émergence, de diversité culturelle, de pluralité linguistique, de solidarité, de développement et de gouvernance mondiale, sous les différents angles de la littérature politique, de l’économie politique, de la philosophie politique et des Relations internationales ont été nécessaires. Cette étape nous permet de mieux cerner le comportement de la Francophonie, ainsi que celui des pays francophones du Sud au sein de la mondialisation au cours de ces dernières décennies. Une évaluation comparative a été réalisée dans un contexte de recherche-action, et suivant une approche pluridisciplinaire, et a finalement permis de constater le niveau de retard enregistré et présent au sein de ces pays francophones du Sud dans les environnements politique, économique, social et culturel. Ce retard se caractérise par un modèle de gouvernance sociétale incorrecte, un modèle de financement de l’économie du développement basé sur de mauvais fondements, une absence de politique linguistique adaptée, une présence de textes constitutionnels en déphasage total avec l’avancée de la mondialisation, et au bout de l’histoire, une véritable réponse de la Francophonie toujours attendue. Quelles sont les conditions nécessaires aujourd’hui et demain pour rattraper effectivement ce retard enregistré au sein des pays francophones du Sud ? Comment pourrait réagir la Francophonie face à cette situation délicate ? Quelques propositions sont présentées au terme de cette recherche qui se propose d’aller au-delà des enjeux de la diversité culturelle et de la pluralité linguistique, pour poser des bases d’une redistribution équitable des cartes au sein de la mondialisation actuelle et future, au nom du respect du principe de diversité, de la solidarité effective, de l’universalisme pratique et de l’humanisme opérationnel. / This work aims to highlight the challenges of cultural diversity and linguistic plurality, facing the willingness emergence of the Southern Francophone countries, expressed after year 2000. Deconstruction and reconstruction of the concepts of emergence, cultural diversity, linguistic plurality, solidarity, development and global governance, under the different views of political literature, political economy, political philosophy and international relations were necessary. A step to better apprehend the behavior of the Francophonie within globalization, as well as Southern francophone countries over recent decades. A comparative evaluation was conducted in a context of action-research and following a multidisciplinary approach, which ultimately shows the level of the political, economic, social and cultural environments delays which are present in these southern Francophone countries. This delay which is characterized by an incorrect societal governance model, a financing of the economic development model based on poor foundations, lack of suitable language policy, and a presence of constitutional texts on complete phase shift with the advance of globalization. Thus, at the end of the story, a real feedback for the Francophonie is still awaited. What are today’s and tomorrow’s conditions in order to actually catch up the delay recorded in the Southern French-speaking countries? How could Francophonie react in front of this intricate situation? Some proposals are presented at the end of this research, which intends to go beyond issues of cultural diversity and linguistic plurality, as a way to lay the foundations of fair cards redistribution in the current and future of globalization, on behalf of the diversity principles, effective solidarity, practical universalism and operational humanism.

Der Prozess der Globalisierung hat zu einem enormen Anstieg globaler wirtschaftlicher Interdependenzen und entsprechender Interaktionsmöglichkeiten geführt. Gleichzeitig ist die globale Rahmenordnung als defizitär zu charakterisieren und es stellt sich die Frage nach der Vertrauensbasis globaler wirtschaftlicher Zusammenarbeit. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Dissertation den Beitrag Globaler Chartas zur Stabilisierung des Vertrauensverhältnisses von (Welt-) Gesellschaftsmitgliedern und transnationalen Unternehmen. Die Forschungsarbeit verfolgt hierbei zwei Ziele: Erstens die systematische Verortung des Konzepts Vertrauen im Drei-Ebenen-Paradigma der ökonomischen Ethik sowie zweitens die Entwicklung einer Heuristik zur Gestaltung bzw. Weiterentwicklung Globaler Chartas in der Praxis. Die entwickelte Heuristik wird anhand von drei Globalen Chartas beispielhaft illustriert. Zu diesen zählen der UN Global Compact, das Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos sowie die Caux Round Table Prinzipien.:1 Einleitung 1.1 Problemexposition 1.2 Theoretischer Zugriff 1.3 Zielsetzung und Vorgehensweise 2 Grundlegende Axiome der ökonomischen Ethik 2.1 Der Grundkonflikt zwischen Gewinn und Moral 2.2 Die erweiterte Goldene Regel 2.3 Unternehmensverantwortung aus Sicht der ökonomischen Ethik 3 Vertrauen als Grundlage gelingender Kooperation 3.1 Der Vertrauensprozess 3.1.1 Vertrauen des Vertrauensgebers 3.1.1.1 Spezifisches Vertrauen 3.1.1.2 Generalisiertes Vertrauen 3.1.2 Vertrauenswürdigkeit des Vertrauensnehmers 3.1.3 Von Vertrauenswürdigkeit und Vertrauen zu Kooperation 3.2 Vertrauen im Drei-Ebenen-Paradigma 3.2.1 Akteure im Drei-Ebenen-Paradigma 3.2.2 Das Drei-Ebenen-Paradigma 3.2.2.1 Spielzüge 3.2.2.2 Spielregeln 3.2.2.3 Spielverständnis 3.2.2.3.1 Begriffsbestimmung 3.2.2.3.2 Funktionen 3.2.3 Relevante Inkonsistenzen 3.3 Investitionsheuristik 3.4 Synopsis 4 Globale Chartas als Investition in den Faktor Vertrauen 4.1 Begriffsbestimmung „Globale Chartas“ als Initiativen der Global Governance 4.2 Bedingungen der Globalität 4.2.1 Moderne Strukturbedingungen von Interaktionen 4.2.2 Defizitäre globale Rahmenordnung 4.2.3 Globaler (Werte-, Normen- und Motivations-) Pluralismus 4.3 Ansatzpunkte Globaler Chartas im Vertrauensprozess 4.3.1 Globale Chartas als (Meta-) Signal auf Spielzugebene? 4.3.2 Globale Chartas als Institution auf Spielregelebene? 4.3.3 Globale Chartas als Investition in ein gemeinsames Spielverständnis? 4.4 Heuristik zur Gestaltung Globaler Chartas 4.5 Synopsis 5 Illustration der Heuristik 5.1 Der United Nations Global Compact 5.1.1 Zum Bekanntheitsgrad des UNGC 5.1.2 Zum Selbstverständnis des UNGC 5.1.3 Zur Sicherstellung der Glaubwürdigkeit des UNGC 5.1.4 Zum Angebot an belastbaren Orientierungspunkten des UNGC 5.1.5 Zur Ermöglichung der lokalen Interpretation der UNGC Prinzipien 5.2 Das Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos 5.2.1 Zum Bekanntheitsgrad des Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos 5.2.2 Zum Selbstverständnis des Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos 5.2.3 Zur Sicherstellung der Glaubwürdigkeit des Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos 5.2.4 Zum Angebot an belastbaren Orientierungspunkten des Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos 5.2.5 Zur Ermöglichung der lokalen Interpretation des Manifest Globales Wirtschaftsethos 5.3 Die Caux Round Table Prinzipien für verantwortungsvolle Unternehmen 5.3.1 Zum Bekanntheitsgrad der Caux Round Table Prinzipien 5.3.2 Zum Selbstverständnis der Caux Round Table Prinzipien 5.3.3 Zur Sicherstellung der Glaubwürdigkeit der Caux Round Table Prinzipien 5.3.4 Zum Angebot an belastbaren Orientierungspunkten der Caux Round Table Prinzipien 5.3.5 Zur Ermöglichung der lokalen Interpretation der Caux Round Table Prinzipien 5.4 Synopsis 6 Schlussbemerkung LITERATURVERZEICHNIS

S U M M A R Y This submitted dissertation thesis deals with the problematics of social cohesion through effects analysis of cultural values on the development of social and political relations in a society as such. The efforts of the thesis are not only directed towards articulation of Rawls's principals of justice, but they also reveal the desire to connect with the topic of the basic human rights from which questions of a suitable concept of societies derive. It actually means that the suitable concept in which it would be possible to achieve, from the point of view of intersubjective relations, a sufficient level of social cohesion and that way to strengthen an important factor for sustainability of social relations in societies as such. From the point of view of methodology, these thesis are for sufficient review as well as easier orientation in the whole work divided into 4 parts, which split further into 5 chapters. Before the four parts, the INTRODUCTION comes and it tries to be not only practical, but also academic in style to provide an introductory beginning of my work. Then, it is possible to say that every part of the four in my thesis deals with a research area of social sciences that is related to politological research as such. Nevertheless, my intention is to persuade readers that there is a...

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

A presente tese evidencia o estado da arte da Teoria Jogos nas Relações Internacionais, e analisa estratégias de negociação decorrentes de processos decisórios no âmbito comercial. Ao delimitar - em tempo e espaço - a trajetória da Governança Mercantil Global, confere-se posição de destaque à Convenção de Viena de 1980 (CISG), regime dotado de ampla legitimidade, concebido sob a égide das Nações Unidas e recém ratificado pelo Brasil. A análise do referido processo de vinculação dá-se a partir de instrumentos metodológicos conferidos pela Teoria dos Jogos, culminado com a apresentação dos limites do modelo e de alternativas viáveis para seu desenvolvimento. / The present thesis sheds light on contemporary game theoretical approaches in International Relations, in particular as they pertain to the role of strategy setting in cross-border trade. The study of Global Trade Governance leads to questions of regime legitimacy, culminating with the adoption of the 1980 United Nations Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG), recently ratified by Brazil. The analysis of the aforementioned ratification process validates the threshold of game theory as its stands today, and proposes, on the other hand, viable alternatives for the development of the model.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal