Introdução: O estudo analisou de que forma as principais organizações humanitárias atuam na Promoção da Saúde no Haiti. A pesquisa esteve focada em três instituições de grande porte, selecionadas a partir do relatório da Global Genebra (2015), consultoria filantrópica reconhecida mundialmente na avaliação de organizações de ajuda humanitária, que são, segundo o documento, (1) Comitê Internacional da Cruz Vermelha, (2) Médicos sem Fronteiras e (3) Partners in Health. Buscou-se compreender de que forma essas entidades estão inseridas no contexto da globalização neoliberal, que remonta à mercantilização da saúde e ao enfraquecimento do Estado, e de que maneira se relacionam com a pluralidade de atores sociais em saúde. Objetivos: O objetivo geral desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar de que forma as maiores organizações de ajuda humanitária atuam na Promoção da Saúde do Haiti, pela perspectiva dos princípios da Equidade, da Intersetorialidade, da Participação Social e da Sustentabilidade. Ademais, investigou-se se há evidências de posturas imperialistas nas ações das entidades humanitárias, unificadas sob o conceito de neoneocolonialismo neste estudo. Além disso, averiguou-se se é possível identificar transformações em longo prazo na comunidade haitiana, a partir da intervenção das três organizações selecionadas como representantes da atuação humanitária. Método: A tese assumiu base qualitativa e a coleta de dados foi realizada por revisão da literatura acadêmica, análise documental dos materiais fornecidos pelas próprias instituições, pelo governo haitiano e por organizações intermediárias, além de entrevistas com 15 colaboradores, incluindo dirigentes, das organizações. Resultados: Ao se considerar o aparato teórico e as entrevistas, constatou-se que as organizações aplicam os princípios da Promoção da Saúde de maneira incipiente e fragmentada, carecendo de um modelo estruturado e capaz de modificar o cenário haitiano em longo prazo. Em meio a lacunas e contradições, contudo, as organizações também trazem benefícios à comunidade haitiana e são reconhecidas pela população, principalmente ao se considerar as limitações do sistema de saúde haitiano. / The present study aimed to analyze how the main humanitarian organizations develops Health Promotion in Haiti, considering the current context of globalization and neoliberalism. The research was focused on three large institutions, selected from the Global Geneva Report (2015), worldwide philanthropic consultancy recognized in the evaluation of humanitarian aid organizations, which are (1) International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), (2) Doctors Without Borders (MSF) and (3) Partners in Health (PIH). The method used was a qualitative basis and the data collection was done by reviewing the academic literature. Documents were provided by the institutions, by the Haitian government and by intermediary organizations, especially on the internet. Furthermore, interviews were conducted with leaders and workers of the organizations. Therefore, from the perspective of Equity, Intersectoriality, Social Participation and Sustainability - which are among the principles of Health Promotion -, the main objective of the study was to analyze the existence of imperialist aspects in the actions of humanitarian organizations (pratice denominated neoneocolonialism in the study) and if there is a real transformation in the Haitian scenario, especially in long term, ideia aligned with the idea of Health Promotion. Considering the theoretical scope and interviews, it was verified that, although the organizations bring positive results to the Haitian community and its importance be recognized by the population, there are still essential gaps to guarantee permanence of actions in the country and to mitigate imperialism in Haiti.

<p><i>Background.</i> Regular physical activity is beneficial for older adults in order to protect against age related injuries and illnesses, and to maintain their independence and quality of life. However, older adults are the least likely age group to meet the physical activity guidelines set forth by the American College of Sports Medicine and World Health Organization. According to the self-determination theory framework, health practitioners and exercise instructors should aim to create and deliver interventions in a way that fosters an autonomy-supportive health care climate (e.g., taking the perspectives of patients, providing choices) to facilitate satisfaction of the basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation. <i>Purpose</i>. The specific aims of this study were to (1) determine whether autonomy support is associated with physical activity-related need for autonomy, autonomous regulation, and physical activity behavior; and to (2) determine whether autonomy support moderates the association between physical activity-related need for autonomy and autonomous regulation. <i>Methods.</i> The design of the study was longitudinal. A total of 431 adults aged ≥ 55 years completed an online survey (Baseline – Week 0) containing self-determination theory-related predictor variables, along with past month and past week physical activity. Weekly online physical activity recall questionnaires were completed for four weeks (at Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, and Week 4). The product of coefficient <i>a</i> × <i>b</i> approach was used to test the mediation effect using multiple linear regression analysis. The Monte Carlo 95% confidence interval [95% CI] (5,000 bootstrap samples) for the mediated effects were obtained using Hayes SAS MCMED macro. <i>Results. </i>Physical activity-related need for autonomy was found to partially mediate the relationship between autonomy support and autonomous regulation, but only for those who were engaging in physical activity 2 days per week (0.0195 [0.0004, 0.0438]) and ≥ 4 days per week (0.0390 [0.0098, 0.0774]). Additionally, the physical activity-related need for autonomy and autonomous regulation were found to mediate the relationship between autonomy support and physical activity, but only for those who were previously physically active (≥ 4 days per week in the last month) and younger (e.g. aged 58 years). Autonomy support was not found to moderate the need for autonomy-autonomous regulation relationship. Physical activity-related need for competence was positively associated with autonomous regulation and physical activity behavior. <i>Conclusion.</i> In line with the self-determination theory, the current findings suggest that the facilitation of autonomy support and the subsequent fulfillment of the psychological needs; consequently, lead to an increase in autonomous regulation. Future research should consider how the need for competence plays a role in physical activity participation beyond autonomous regulation as adults age. </p>

Vänskapsrelationer mellan barn är viktiga för barns hälsa, utveckling och välmående och bör därför främjas. Något som kan utgöra ett hinder för att vänskap ska kunna bildas är barns attityder. Studiens syfte var därför att undersöka vad som anses främja bildandet av vänskapsrelationer mellan barn och hur det kan bidra till attitydförändring.Detta gjordes genom att sammanställa forskning bestående av 11 artiklar till en integrativ litteraturstudie. Fokus låg på påverkbara faktorer till barns vänskapsbildande samt verksamma interventioner. De faktorer och interventioner som framkom genom studiens resultat var utbildning och undervisning, att vuxna visar vägen, aktiviteter och engagemang samt ekonomiska förutsättningar. Resultatet analyserades utifrån teorin mellangruppskontakt vilken belyser kriterier för optimal mellangruppskontakt och processer för attitydförändring. Det fördes en diskussion gällande hälsofrämjande arbete, vuxnas möjligheter att påverka barns vänskapsrelationer samt betydelsen av aktivitetens utformning. / The aim of this review was to study what is considered to promote formation of peer friendships and how it can contribute to a change of attitudes and prejudices. 11 research articles were compiled into an integrative review. The review focused on factors for children's friendships that are possible to influence and effective interventions. The various factors and interventions that emerged were education and teaching, adults leading the way, activities and commitment as well as economic conditions. The result was analyzed on the basis of intergroup contact theory, which contain conditions for optimal intergroup contact and processes for attitude change.  A discussion was conducted regarding promotion of health, adult'spossibilities to affect children's peer friendshipsand the impact of the activity's set-up.

Thesis (M.A. (Organisational Psychology))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Humanities, School of Human and Community Development, 2016. / The purpose of this study was to explore cashiers’ and management’s perceptions of the usefulness of a company-provided employee assistance programme (EAP) with particular reference to wellness counselling. This study focused specifically on the four principles governing EAPs, namely; confidentiality, referral system, helping process and handling of outcome. Fifteen participants were recruited for this study from a cash centre of a financial institution in Johannesburg. There were ten males and five females. A qualitative methodology was used to collect and analyse data. The instruments used to collect data were two participant-generated text schedules, one for cashiers and the other for managers. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis. The results of the study showed that both employees and management found the EAP useful in the workplace. The direction for future research in South Africa could focus on conducting a longitudinal study to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of wellness counselling / MT2017

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a pedometer-based intervention on physical activity and self-efficacy among community college students in wellness classes (N = 154). The intervention included a pretest/posttest physical activity questionnaire, pedometer use, weekly goal setting and self-report of step data via the web. The experimental group wore pedometers daily for ten weeks; the control group wore pedometers for one week at baseline and week ten. Average weekday physical activity increased 29% for the experimental group and decreased 16% for the control group. Data analysis demonstrated a statistically significant difference due to the treatment regarding step count, differences in mean scores for self-efficacy, and a main effect for treatment for BMI. These results support the effectiveness of pedometer use to increase physical activity and self-efficacy in conjunction with a community college health curriculum. / by Henry J. Allen. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2009. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2009 Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Bakgrund: Skolsköterskors uppdrag har förändrats med tiden. Uppdragets fokus har ändrats från ett patogent perspektiv till ett salutogent perspektiv, vilket innebär att fokus har ändrats från det sjuka till det friska. Samverkan med övrig personal på skolor är en förutsättning för att skolsköterskor ska kunna arbeta hälsofrämjande. Tidigare forskning visar att det finns en diskrepans mellan det som lärare förväntar sig av skolsköterskor och dess faktiska uppdrag. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vilka förväntningar lärare har på skolsköterskor. Metod: En fenomenografisk metod med induktiv ansats har använts. Dataanalysen bygger på sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare. Resultat: Lärarnas förväntningar på skolsköterskor spänner över ett brett område. Analysen av intervjuerna mynnade ut i fyra beskrivningskategorier; hälsofrämjande arbete, social betydelse, medicinskt omhändertagande och tillgänglighet. Beskrivningskategorierna ordnades hierarkiskt i ett utfallsrum. Konklusion: Denna studie bidrar med kunskap om lärares förväntningar på skolsköterskor. Studiens resultat tydliggör ett förväntningsgap mellan lärares förväntningar på skolsköterskor och dess uppdrag från socialstyrelsen och skolverket som främst är förebyggande och hälsofrämjande. Studiens resutalt stämmer väl överens med tidigare forskning i ämnet. / Background: School nurses' mission have changed over time. The mission's focus has been changed from a pathogenic perspective to a salutogenic perspective, which means that the focus has changed from the sick to the healthy. Collaboration with other staffs within the schools is a prerequisite for school nurses to be able to work with health promotion. Previous research shows that there is a discrepancy between what teachers expect from school nurses and the school nurses' actual mission. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe what expctations teachers have in school nurses. Method: A phenomenographic method with inductive approach has been used. The data analysis is based on six semi-structured interviews with teachers. Results: The teachers' expectations of school nurses span a wide area. The analysis of the interviews resulted in four description categories: health promotion, social importance, medical care and accessibility. The description categories were arranged hierarchically in a outcome room. Conclusion: This study contributes with knowledge of teachers' expectations of school nurses. The study's results clarify an expectation gap between the teachers' expectations in school nurses and its assignments from the National Board of Health and Welfare, and the Swedish Institute of Education, which is primarily preventative and health-promoting. The study's results are in good agreement with previous research on the subject.

Bakgrund: Riksföreningen för skolsköterskor släppte på 1990-talet en rekommendation om max 400 elever per heltidsarbetande skolsköterska. Sedan dess har en ny Skollag (2010:800) antagits vilken reglerar skolsköterskors uppdrag och innefattar ett basprogram med hälsobesök samt vaccinationer. Uppdraget innefattar även att skolsköterskor ska arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande utifrån elevers livsvärld. Syfte: Belysa skolsköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande med ett elevantal som överstiger rekommendationen om max 400 elever per heltidsarbetande skolsköterska. Metod: Studien genomfördes med kvalitativ metod. Tre fokusgruppsdiskussioner med sammanlagt 11 deltagande skolsköterskor genomfördes i södra Sverige. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera data. Resultat: Analysen av datamaterialet mynnade ut i fyra kategorier: Tidsbrist medför prioritering av arbetsuppgifter, Hög arbetsbelastning på grund av olika faktorer, Hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbete på gruppnivå samt Rekommendationen i förhållande till skolsköterskors arbetsbelastning och elevers hälsa. Konklusion: Viljan och ambitionen att arbeta hälsofrämjande och förebyggande finns hos skolsköterskor men på grund av tidsbrist prioriteras detta arbete bort. För att ge skolsköterskor möjlighet att arbeta enligt Skollagen (2010:800) behöver elevantalet och även rekommendationen ses över. / Background: In the 1990’s the Swedish Association of School nurses released a recommendation for a maximum of 400 students per full-time school nurse. Since then a new School Law (2010:800) has been adopted which regulates the school nurse's assignments and includes a basic program with health visits and vaccinations. The assignment also includes that school nurses should work on health promotion and prevention based on pupils' life world. Aim: Illuminate school nurses' experiences of working on health promotion and prevention with a student number that exceeds the recommendation of a maximum of 400 students per full-time school nurse. Method: The study was conducted with a qualitative method. Three focus group discussions with a total of 11 participating school nurses were conducted in southern Sweden. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze data. Results: The analysis of the data material resulted in four categories: Lack of time entails prioritizing tasks, High workload due to various factors, Health promotion and preventive work at group level, and the Recommendation in relation to school nurses 'workload and pupils' health. Conclusion: The desire and ambition to work for health promotion and prevention is found in school nurses, but due to lack of time, this work is not given priority. In order to give school nurses the opportunity to work according to the School Law (2010:800) the number of students and also the recommendation need to be reviewed.

A proposta de Reforma Psiquiátrica vem modificando a assistência ao portador de transtorno mental nas últimas décadas. Com a desinstitucionalização do doente mental, emergem novos paradigmas com grandes desafios a todos os atores sociais envolvidos na construção da cidadania e na busca da reabilitação psicossocial. Surgem novos conceitos do processo saúde-doença, novas redes de assistência, alocação de recursos como também a implantação de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial CAPS e ainda diretrizes do Ministério da Saúde determinando que as ações, no campo da saúde mental, sejam realizadas na atenção básica, ou seja, nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) e por meio da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). A ESF passa a ser uma importante ferramenta no processo saúde-doença no que diz respeito ao cuidado integral do ser humano visando à promoção, prevenção, proteção e recuperação tanto das doenças físicas, sociais quanto mentais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as necessidades da ESF para desenvolver as ações de saúde mental na comunidade e identificar as ações desenvolvidas pelas equipes da ESF frente aos portadores de transtornos mentais e seus familiares. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que foi desenvolvida por meio de entrevista semiestruturada realizada com os membros das equipes da ESF, as entrevistas foram gravadas e transcritas na íntegra para análise. O material foi analisado por meio da Análise Discurso sob a ótica do referencial teórico do materialismo histórico e dialético. Emergiram das entrevistas três categorias: Processo Saúde Doença-Mental; Família; Processo de Trabalho. Os discursos dos informantes revelaram que os profissionais ESF mantêm a prática da psiquiatria tradicional centrado nas consultas, na medicação e nos exames, sendo esse o principal instrumento para a produção de saúde, e exercício das práticas destes profissionais está baseado no diagnóstico psiquiátrico; é incipiente o numero de profissionais que se mobiliza a desenvolver ações voltas ao acolhimento e a escuta; realizam atividades grupais e relatam que existe a necessidade de ampliar seus conhecimentos na área de saúde mental. / The proposed Psychiatric Reform has changed how mental health patients have been assisted in recent decades. With the deinstitutionalization of mental health patients, new paradigms have emerged offering great challenges to all social actors involved in constructing citizenship and to the search for psychosocial rehabilitation. New concepts of the health-disease process have appeared, along with new assistance networks, allocation of resources, as well as the creation of Psychosocial Care Centers CAPS, and Health Ministry guidelines stipulating that actions in the mental health field be undertaken at the basic care level at Basic Health Units (UBS) and through the Family Health Strategy (ESF). ESF has become an important tool in the health-disease process with regard to integral care aiming for the promotion, prevention, protection and recovery of physical, social and mental illness. Thus, the objective of this work is to comprehend the needs of ESF to develop mental health actions in the community and identify the actions developed by ESF teams with regard to mental health patients and their relatives. It is a qualitative research, to be developed through semi-structured interviews with members of the ESF teams; the interviews were recorded and fully transcribed for analysis. O material foi analisado por meio da Análise Discurso sob a ótica do referencial teórico do materialismo histórico e dialético. The material was analyzed through discourse analysis under the theoretical framework of historical and dialectical materialism. Three categories emerged from the interviews: Health-Mental Illness process; Family; Work Process. The discourses of the informants revealed that ESF professionals keep traditional psychiatric practice centered on consultations, medication and exams, making it the main tool for health production, with the exercise of these professionals practice based on psychiatric diagnosis; the number of professionals who mobilize to develop actions focusing on welcoming and listening is still incipient; they perform group activities and report the need to broaden their knowledge on the field of mental health.

Este trabalho se propôs a analisar a participação da sociedade civil na formulação e implementação do Projeto Bertioga Município Saudável de Bertioga, de acordo com os pressupostos de sustentabilidade, participação social, equidade e intersetorialidade. Utilizou-se da metodologia da pesquisa-ação para identificar, caracterizar o tecido social de Bertioga, isto é, os diversos atores sociais, movimentos sociais e grupos/organizações/instituições, seus interesses, necessidades e sonhos em relação ao município de Bertioga. O uso combinado de técnicas permitiu que esta investigação se iniciasse por um levantamento mais superficial de lideranças do município, e continuasse a partir de outras técnicas aprofundando o conhecimento dos principais problemas, aspectos positivos e sonhos para Bertioga. Através desta abordagem participativa, oficinas de sensibilização e oficinas do futuro foram realizadas para sensibilizar e esclarecer a população sobre o projeto e iniciar um processo de planejamento a partir de suas percepções acerca do município, dos problemas e da sua causalidade. Os resultados obtidos foram: um mapeamento das lideranças municipais, os diversos grupos, entidades, organizações e instituições do município nos quais elas militam, suas lutas e atividades. Várias iniciativas foram identificadas, constatou-se a multiplicidade de suas ações, e sua distribuição em território municipal. As percepções dos participantes, quase consensuais, foram de que os problemas municipais prioritários são deficiências no saneamento básico, na oferta e qualidade de serviços de saúde e segurança, variando a intensidade da preocupação por áreas do município. Os sonhos porém, modificaram o ranking de prioridades colocando as praias e os recursos naturais como as fontes de maior orgulho porém, o desejo de ter uma administração municipal que se empenhe por resolver os problemas mencionados e preservar os recursos naturais e a identidade cultural, como de maior prioridade pelos grupos participantes. A metodologia combinou componentes racionais, cognitivos e subjetivos que estimularam a inserção da população nas atividades do projeto, permitindo ao final de um ano, dizer que estava iniciado o projeto e a sua organização, via formação da Comissão Intersetorial, com base em forte compromisso da população. Este primeiro ano, portanto, deu início à formação de uma rede de apoio ao projeto, que o sustentou no momento da mudança de governo. / This study was purposed on analyzing popular participation on formulating and implementing the Bertioga Health City Project, according to sustainability, social participation, equity and intersetoriality principies. Research-action was the chosen methodology to identify and characterize Bertioga\'s social tissue - various social actors, social movements and groups/organizations/institutions, their interests, needs and dreams related to Bertioga\'s municipality. The combined use of assessing techniques gave the process the characteristic of a gradually investigating process. lt began from a more superficial approach with a population survey identifying the leaderships of the municipality and continue with other techniques to in depth the upraisen knowledge related to the main problems, positive components and dreams related to Bertioga. With this mixed participatory approach, survey, sensitization workshops, and \"planning the future\" workshops it was possible to achieve the purpose of warning population about the project and beginning planning activities where the people are, in other words from their perceptions. The results of the survey conducted was the identification of various leaders, groups, entities, organizations and institutions in the municipality, their fights and activities - it was evidenced many initiatives, the multiplicity of their actions and their distribution ali over the municipal territory. The main perceived problems, almost consensual, were deficiency on sanitation, centralization of health resources and insecurity, with variations of intensity according to municipality areas. The dreams modified the priorities they gave to the problerns, giving to the beaches and existence of beautiful natural resources the title of a great value assets, and the main dream - the possibility to have a honest and efficient city administration that can deal with problems and preserve the nature. The methodology counted on rational, cognitive and a strong subjective component, which has stimulated population participation on project activities and has started the development of the project with a \"city council\" and a network for supporting that project.

Introdução: A partir da implantação do PSF como estratégia de operacionalização das diretrizes do SUS, surgiu a necessidade de reorganização da assistência, principalmente, em relação às demandas até então desconhecidas pelos profissionais. No caso específico da UBS Jd. Boa Vista, os usuários portadores de lesões de pele crônica, demandou uma reestruturação das práticas de cuidado. O presente estudo, portanto, foi desenvolvido no âmbito das tecnologias na atenção para o cuidado de famílias com pessoas portadores de lesões de pele, tendo como objeto, a reconstrução das práticas de enfermagem na UBS Jd. Boa Vista à luz da Promoção da Saúde. Objetivo: Descrever as tecnologias presentes na intervenção de enfermagem realizada na UBS Jd. Boa Vista. Caminho Metodológico: A metodologia escolhida para desenvolver a pesquisa insere-se na abordagem qualitativa, a partir de dois casos selecionados do projeto de intervenção realizado na UBS Jd Boa Vista. O método escolhido para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi o “fluxograma analisador", um diagrama muito usado por diferentes campos de conhecimento, com a perspectiva de \"desenhar\" um certo modo de organização de um conjunto de processos de trabalho. A escolha desse método para o tema em questão, diz respeito à perspectiva de compreensão e análise com vistas aos processos emancipatórios do campo da promoção da saúde. Resultados e Discussão: Considerando a complexa configuração tecnológica do trabalho em saúde, este estudo evidenciou que somente as tecnologias-duras (equipamentos, materiais e infra-estrutura) não são suficientes para se transformar a realidade. Ao realizar uma intervenção em saúde, é essencial a utilização dos nossos conhecimentos de como trabalhar a relação de cidadania entre o usuário e o serviço (tecnologias leves), além de incorporar às ações, conceitos como empowerment, advocacy, educação em saúde e abordagem familiar / Introduction: From the implantation of the PSF as strategy of operation of the lines of direction of the SUS, the necessity of reorganization of the assistance appeared, mainly, in relation to the demands until then unknown for the professionals. In the specific case of the UBS Jd. Boa Vista, the carrying users of chronic injuries skin, it demanded a reorganization of the practical of care. The present study, therefore, was developed in the scope of the technologies in the attention for the care of families with carrying people of skin injuries, having as object, the reconstruction of the practical of nursing in the UBS Jd. Boa Vista to the light of the health Promotion. Objective: To describe the technologies existing in the intervention of nursing carried through in the UBS Jd. Boa Vista, from cases of carrying users of chronic injuries of skin Method: The chosen methodology to develop the research is inserted in the qualitative boarding, from two selected cases of the project of intervention carried through in the UBS Jd Boa Vista. The method chosen for the development of the work was the \"analytic flowchart\", a very used diagram for different fields of knowledge, with the perspective \"to draw\" a certain way of organization of a set of work processes. The choice of this method for the subject in question says about to the perspective of understanding and analysis with sights to emancipation processes of the field of the health promotion. Results: Considering the complex technological configuration of the work in health, this study evidenced that the main technologies that we have to use to carry through the actions are much more in our knowledge of how to as work the relation of citizenship between the user and the service and the activities of group of management, instead to equipment, physical spaces, and others, although to be necessary. Beyond concepts as empowerment, advocacy, education in health, familiar boarding and education in health, to reveal essential for the concretion of an intervention in health