Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Lizete C Deimling.pdf: 792539 bytes, checksum: 785cf79e2d69807a64b3fdec71aae24b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-30 / The objective of the present study is the analysis of the local context of the city of Toledo (PR) to understand the relation between the socioeconomic indices and the incidence of crime, specifically the homicide. The historical genesis in the increasing indices of the economy in the socioeconomic development, during the last decades, demonstrates a conflict perspective. Some conditional factors, as the instability and socioeconomic inequalities, concur directly or indirectly with the social fragmentation, generally carried out by the indices of crime and violence. In this research, data from the criminal proceedings of the First Criminal Court of the Judicial District of Toledo and from relative socioeconomic data of the city of Toledo (PR), proclaimed by the government department, were analyzed. It is considered the hypothesis that the index of the homicide in the city of Toledo (PR) is related with low socioeconomic indices. The belief that a direct causal relation between poverty and crime exists was not confirmed in this work. The factorial analysis of the socioeconomic variable did not identify any association with the homicide in the city of Toledo (PR) and socioeconomic indices in particular. Therefore, it was evidenced, in this research, the no existence of a relation between the socioeconomic configuration and the indices of homicide in the city of Toledo (PR). / O objetivo do presente estudo é a análise do contexto local do município de Toledo (PR) buscando compreender a relação entre os indicadores socioeconômicos e a incidência da criminalidade, especificamente o crime de homicídio. A gênese histórica dos indicadores de crescimento da economia, ao longo das últimas décadas, no âmbito do desenvolvimento socioeconômico demonstra uma perspectiva de conflito. Alguns fatores condicionantes como o desequilíbrio e desigualdades socioeconômicas concorrem direta ou indiretamente, com a fragmentação social, geralmente protagonizada pelos índices de criminalidade e violência. Nesta pesquisa foram analisados dados extraídos dos processos criminais pertencentes a 1ª Vara Criminal do Fórum da Comarca de Toledo e dados socioeconômicos relativos ao município de Toledo (PR) divulgados por órgãos governamentais. Trabalha-se com a hipótese de que a taxa do crime de homicídio no município de Toledo (PR) está relacionada com baixos indicadores socioeconômicos. A crença de que existe uma relação causal direta entre pobreza e criminalidade não se confirmou neste trabalho. A análise fatorial das variáveis socioeconômicas não identificou a associação entre o crime de homicídio no município de Toledo (PR) com nenhum indicador socioeconômico em particular. Portanto, ficou evidenciada, nesta pesquisa, a não existência de uma relação entre a configuração socioeconômica e as taxas de crime de homicídio no município de Toledo (PR).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-11T18:10:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 sandrodefreitasferreira.pdf: 4885587 bytes, checksum: 00f43590d0a4fdd642bfeae221602a02 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T15:32:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sandrodefreitasferreira.pdf: 4885587 bytes, checksum: 00f43590d0a4fdd642bfeae221602a02 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T15:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sandrodefreitasferreira.pdf: 4885587 bytes, checksum: 00f43590d0a4fdd642bfeae221602a02 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / As medidas de crimes no Brasil, particularmente violentos e fatais, têm se mantido e crescido, desde os anos de 1980, acima de dez homicídios por cem mil habitantes; limite mínimo recomendado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. A essa “poluição” social, costuma-se responder com aumento do esforço de combate e controle do aparato policial-judicial. Todavia, as autoridades estatais não conseguem monitorar ubiquamente as atividades ilegítimas sob sua jurisdição. Portanto, não podem prescindir de outros controladores. Embora sejam menos eficazes quanto aos crimes, porém mais difusos territorialmente, os controladores sociais podem atuar, como efeito dissuasório primário, mediante a socialização de crenças positivas de adesão a normas sociais e leis, de crenças negativas para sua violação e a administração de sanções. As políticas criminais, especialmente aquelas que envolvem mudanças legislativas penais não podem ignorar os efeitos que outras mudanças legislativas têm sobre as estruturas de incentivos que regem as atividades desses controladores primários. Pressupondo-se que os processos decisórios criminal e transgressivo têm natureza comum (envolvendo punição penal e social, respectivamente); que a decisão individual de entrada na atividade criminal requer informação útil e que, na ausência de mercados ilícitos organizados, recorre-se a outros canais de informação, tal como as experiências transgressivas e criminais pessoais e alheias; a densidade transgressivo-criminal poderia carregar informação sobre o custo moral dessa entrada na “indústria” proscrita. O objetivo desta Tese é avaliar o efeito qualitativo da dissuasão social como barreira primária às escolhas ilegítimas individuais. Uma vez que os níveis de transgressões podem indiretamente sinalizar o nível dessa dissuasão primária, desenvolveu-se uma estratégia metodológica que pudesse mensura-la. Além de uma avaliação preliminar da distribuição territorial e da evolução temporal de algumas transgressões, nas áreas mínimas comparáveis (AMCs) brasileiras nos anos de 1991 a 2010, executam-se Análises de Agrupamentos e Discriminante para identificar grupos de AMCs em níveis de transgressividade-criminalidade; extraem-se os fatores transgressivos comuns (definidos como “transgressividade por incapacitação”, “transgressividade familiar-religiosa” e “transgressividade educativa adulta”) da amostra do grupos de AMCs com maiores níveis de transgressões e crimes e com maiores populações, por Análise Fatorial; e averiguam-se, via Análise Comparativa Qualitativa, as relações entre esses fatores e as taxas de homicídio, como medida mais robusta do nível de criminalidade. Além da identificação de grupos de níveis alto, intermediário e baixo de transgressões e crimes, e desses três fatores, as evidências sugerem que alta transgressividade familiar-religiosa (equivalentemente, baixa coatividade familiar-religiosa) associa-se consistentemente alta taxa de homicídio; inclusive, quando combinada com alta dissuasão estatal. / Measures of crimes in Brazil, particularly violent and fatal, have been maintained and increased, since the 1980s, over ten homicides per hundred thousand inhabitants; minimum threshold recommended by the World Health Organization. To this social "pollution", it is usually answered with increased effort to combat and control the police-judicial apparatus. However, state authorities are unable to monitor illegitimate activities under their jurisdiction. Therefore, they cannot do without other controllers. Although they are less effective in crimes, but more territorially diffused, social controllers can act as a primary deterrent by socializing positive beliefs of adherence to social norms and laws, from negative beliefs to their violation and the administration of sanctions. Criminal policies, especially those involving criminal law changes, cannot ignore the effects of other legislative changes on the incentive structures governing the activities of these primary controllers. Assuming that criminal and transgressive decision-making processes have a common nature (involving criminal and social punishment, respectively); that individual decision to enter criminal activity requires useful information and that, in the absence of organized illicit markets, other information channels are used, such as personal and extraneous criminal and transgressive experiences; Transgressive-criminal density could carry information about the moral cost of such entry into proscribed industry. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the qualitative effect of social deterrence as a primary barrier to individual illegitimate choices. Since the levels of transgression can indirectly signal the level of this primary deterrence, a methodological strategy was developed that could measure it. In addition to a preliminary evaluation of the territorial distribution and the temporal evolution of some transgressions, in the brazilian comparable minimum areas (AMCs) from 1991 to 2010, Clusters and Discriminant Analysis are carried out to identify groups of AMCs at levels of transgressivitycriminality; the common transgressive factors (defined as "transgressivity by incapacitation", "family-religious transgressiveness" and "adult educational transgressiveness") are extracted from the sample of AMC groups with higher levels of transgressions and crimes and with larger populations by Factor Analysis; and, through Qualitative Comparative Analysis, the relationships between these factors and homicide rates are ascertained as a more robust measure of the level of crime. In addition to the identification of groups of high, intermediate and low levels of transgressions and crimes, and of these three factors, the evidence suggests that high family-religious transgressiveness (equivalently, low family-religious deterrence) is consistently associated with a high homicide rate; even when combined with high state deterrence.

The mystery surrounding serial homicide is the apparent lack of motive for the murder. No extrinsic motive such as robbery, financial gain, passion or revenge exists, as there usually is in the case of other murders. Serial homicide is a serious, worldwide problem that has received a large amount of media attention, but only a relatively small amount of scientifically based research exists on this phenomenon. Since the 1970s various models such as the psychosocial theory model, learning theory, the motivational, fantasy, neurological theory, psychiatric, post-modern, feminist and the paranormal/demonological models were used to explain the phenomenon of serial homicide. The researcher, however, states that these models do not satisfactorily address the intrapsychic/object relation development of the serial killers personality. The structure of the research project consists of analysis of the background information of two serial killers which was gathered from one semi-structured personal interview, psychometric testing (Thematic Apperception Test, Test of Object Relations and the Picture Test of Separation and Individuation) as well as from relevant literary sources. The information was interpreted using the selected psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freund and the object relation theory of Melanie Klein and the data was then analysed, interpreted and tested against the following research questions: “What is the intrapsychic origin of serial homicide?”; “What is the parent-child relationship like?”; “How does the parent-child relationship influence the object relations of the serial killer?”; “How does the parental relationship influence the serial killer’s interpersonal relationships?”. These questions determine the specific internalised factors that may have contributed to the eventual development of a serial killer’s personality. The research method that is employed is a qualitative, exploratory case study method. A qualitative study was selected due to the fact that there are currently not enough incarcerated serial killers in South Africa and from those incarcerated serial killers only two were willing to participate in the research. The case study method was selected because it deals with contemporary events, multiple data sources may be used and the findings can be generalised to other case studies. Data gathering was done by psychometric testing (TAT, PTSI and TOR), a semi-structured interview and other biographical information on the subjects. The data was analysed by the descriptive-dialogic case study method. The data integration method that was selected is the data integration method of the descriptive-dialogic case study method. The data was discussed in relation to the already developed theories. This implies that parallels were drawn between the processed information and the theories. Similarities and differences between the two case studies were discussed and a general overview of the intrapsychic structure of the serial killer was stated. / Dissertation (MA (Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Psychology / unrestricted

Although male perpetration of violence against female partners is a global concern, there continues to be insufficient research attention on this phenomenon. The current study aimed at exploring experiences of male perpetrators of violence against their female partners in intimate relationships. The specific objectives were to get an understanding of the reasons and beliefs contributing towards perpetration of domestic violence, explore the barriers that perpetrators encounter with regard to receiving reformative support, and to suggest possible strategies that can be adopted to reduce or prevent domestic violence. Adopting a qualitative approach, data were obtained through in-depth interviews and participant observations involving 22 convicted male perpetrators in the Nsawam Prisons in the Eastern Region of Ghana, followed by interviews with stakeholders at the offices of the Domestic Violence & Victim Support Unit (DOVVSU) of the Ghana Police Service. The Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data. Each transcript went through a thorough analysis to extract themes which were subsequently Synchronised. Overall, the findings from the present study elucidated some theoretical and practical implications. It reveals the following major themes: perception of inequality between sexes, bride price, childhood experience/witness of abuse, and victim blaming as contributory factors to the phenomenon of male violence against women. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Psychology)

Qu’ils en soient les auteurs ou les victimes, les Afro-Américains ont toujours affiché un taux d’homicide largement supérieur à celui des Blancs aux États-Unis. La criminologie a toutefois bien documenté la convergence du taux d’homicide noir vers le taux d’homicide blanc au cours des dernières décennies. À cet effet, il est attesté que le taux d’homicide noir diminue de façon continuelle et de façon plus importante que le taux d’homicide blanc depuis les années 1990. Toutefois, peu de recherches ont examiné la situation depuis 2000. Cette recherche doctorale propose d’analyser la façon dont a évolué l'écart entre le taux d’homicide noir et blanc entre 2000 et 2018 en prenant pour comparaison les deux décennies précédentes. Les résultats permettent de conclure à la fin de la convergence entre taux d’homicide noir et blanc depuis 2000. L’écart entre ces deux taux recommence en effet à se creuser à partir de cette date et se révèle, de surcroît, en moyenne plus élevé que l’écart qui existait entre 1980 et 2000. Ici, une analyse de l'évolution de la part moyenne de foyers noirs et blancs appartenant aux catégories sociales les plus pauvres n’a pas permis d’expliquer de façon certaine cette évolution. Toutefois, l’analyse des écarts de revenus a permis de révéler que les États ayant vu leur ratio d’homicide s’accroître sont souvent les États où les écarts entre la part de foyers pauvres noirs et blancs sont les plus élevés. De fait, l’analyse montre que la situation économique des Noirs s’est dégradée depuis 2000 en comparaison des Blancs, attestant ainsi d’un retour général des inégalités, qu’elles soient criminelles ou économiques, entre Afro-Américains et Blancs depuis 2000. / Whether perpetrators or victims, African Americans have historically had a much higher homicide rate than Whites in the United States. Criminology, however, has well documented the convergence of the black homicide rate to the white homicide rate over the past several decades. To that end, there is evidence that the black homicide rate has been steadily declining by a greater amount than the white homicide rate since the 1990s. However, little research has examined the situation since 2000. This doctoral research proposes to analyze how the gap between the black and white homicide rate has changed between 2000 and 2018 using the previous two decades as a comparison. The results allow us to conclude that the convergence between black and white homicide rates has ended since 2000. The gap between these two rates starts to widen again from this date and is, moreover, on average higher than the gap that existed between 1980 and 2000. Here, an analysis of the evolution of the average share of black and white households belonging to the poorest social categories did not provide a definite explanation for this evolution. However, analysis of income differentials revealed that states with increasing homicide ratios are often the states with the highest differentials in the share of poor black and white households. Indeed, the analysis shows that the economic situation of blacks has worsened since 2000 compared to whites, attesting to a general return of inequality, whether criminal or economic, between African Americans and whites since 2000.

For decades there has been growing interest into the crime of child murders. Emphasis was placed on victims and those at risk. Not much focus was placed on perpetrators and their families. Evidence suggests that the family and social systems play a vital role in determining adult violent behaviour. This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of convicted child murderers in their family and social system. Data was collected and analysed, using genogram interviews and analysis. Themes were highlighted using hermeneutic thematic analysis, within a post-modern paradigm. Results were presented in the form of genogram analysis and thematic content analysis. Prominent themes that arose were separation, rejection, abuse, neglect and substance abuse. These life experiences together with poor education are some of the characteristics that may have contributed to the child murderers actions towards children. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Text in English / As an external cause of death, strangulation represents an extreme and particularly pernicious form of violence. Following the evidence gap in the extant literature, the current research examined the incidence, distributions, individual and situational predictors, and structural determinants of homicidal strangulation in the City of Johannesburg for the period 2001-2010. The thesis is structured around four discrete but interrelated studies, which collectively offer an initial contribution to the body of scholarship on homicide generally, and on the characteristics and patterns of strangulation homicide specifically. The research drew on data from the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System and the South African National Census. Study I is a descriptive study that quantifies the extent of homicidal strangulation in the City of Johannesburg and describes its distribution by characteristics of person, time, place and alcohol consumption. The remaining studies are analytical in focus, and are aimed at explaining homicidal strangulation in the City of Johannesburg in terms of its determinants. These studies are differentiated by their focus on individual-level and neighbourhood-level risks. Study II assesses overall homicide strangulation risk in relation to all the other leading causes of homicide. Study III undertakes further disaggregation to investigate homicidal strangulation risk by gender specifically. Study IV considers the socio-structural correlates and geographic distributions of fatal strangulation. The study engages select micro-level and macro-level theories that focus on the intersection between vulnerability and routine activities, gender and neighbourhood derivatives of violence to explain the social ecology of lethal strangulation. The research findings demonstrate that homicidal strangulation in the City of Johannesburg is a unique phenomenon that is distinct from overall homicide. As the fourth leading cause of homicide in the City of Johannesburg, fatal strangulation exhibits a marked female preponderance in victimisation and distinctive socio-demographic, spatio-temporal, sex-specific and neighbourhood-level variation in risk. The study is aligned with the increasing trend towards disaggregating overall homicide into more defined and conceptually meaningful categories of homicide. The study may represent one of the first empirical investigations that also attempts to offer theoretically-derived explanations of homicidal strangulation in South Africa. Fatal strangulation is a multi-faceted phenomenon that requires multi-dimensional and multi-level interventions directed at several points of its social ecology. / Psychology / D. Phil. (Psychology)

L’effet de la disponibilité des AAF sur le taux d’homicide est un sujet qui n’a jamais su faire consensus au sein du corpus scientifique. En tenant compte des réalités canadiennes relatives à l’utilisation d’une arme à feu dans les homicides, la présente étude évaluera la relation entre la disponibilité des armes à feu et le taux d’homicide au Canada, par le biais de séries chronologiques simples et multiples. Les données utilisées dans le cadre de la recherche proviennent de l’Enquête sur l’homicide effectuée par Statistiques Canada, du programme de la déclaration uniforme de la criminalité (DUC), des catalogues Juristats et des catalogues produits par Statistiques Canada sur les causes de décès au pays. Globalement, des relations positives et significatives sont observées entre les deux phénomènes au temps t. Au temps t-1 et t-2, des relations négatives sont observées entre la disponibilité des armes à feu et le taux d’homicide, tandis que des relations positives sont constatées entre le taux d’homicides et la disponibilité des armes à feu. Les résultats confirment que le taux d’homicide et la disponibilité des armes à feu sont des phénomènes qui s’influencent mutuellement dans le temps. En raison du niveau d’agrégation des données, il n’est pas possible de départager l’influence respective des deux phénomènes. Les résultats soutiennent toutefois davantage les thèses de l’autoprotection et de l’autodéfense. Enfin, les résultats montrent l’importance de développer des indices de disponibilité propres aux deux types d’armes à feu impliqués dans les homicides au Canada. / The debate surrounding the effects of gun availability on homicide rates have continuously been going on between scholars for the last decades. Relying on the Canadian context regarding the use of a firearm in homicides, this study evaluates the relationship between gun availability and homicide rates in Canada using pooled-time series analyses. Data used in this study comes from Statistics Canada’s Homicide Survey, the Uniform Crime Report Survey (UCR), Juristat’s catalogues and from catalogues produced by Statistics Canada on the causes of death in the country. Globally, results show positive and significant relationships between the two phenomena over time. Analyses at time t-1 and t-2 allow us to, on one hand notice negative and significant relationships between homicide rates and gun availability. One the other hand,positive and significant relationships were found between gun availability and homicide rates. Analyses suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between homicide ratesand gun availability in Canada for the period under study. Additional studies using different aggregation levels are needed to pinpoint the specific effects of gun availability and homicide rates on each other. However, the present results tend to give greater support the selfprotection and defensive gun use hypotheses. Results also underline the importance of developing distinct proxies to capture the relationships between the availability of specific firearms and particular homicide rates in Canada

INTRODUÇÃO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal avaliar o impacto dos feriados do Natal e Ano Novo na mortalidade por doença coronariana, AVC, insuficiência cardíaca, acidente de transporte, suicídio e homicídio na cidade de São Paulo, 1996 a 2009. Os objetivos secundários foram investigar outras efemérides, como carnaval, copa do mundo e rebaixamento de times paulistas (Corinthians e Palmeiras), ataque do PCC no ano de 2006. Além disso, foram investigadas associações entre variáveis ambientais, culturais com a mortalidade, como sazonalidade, dia da semana, atributos do clima e poluentes atmosféricos. MÉTODOS: Estudo ecológico e retrospectivo. Os dados diários de mortalidade foram obtidos pelo PRO-AIM. O estudo realizou três tipos de análise: (1) comparação de médias; (2) tendência; (3) regressão linear. Análise de variância (ANOVA) com teste post hoc de Bonferroni foi utilizada para comparar a média de mortes entre as estações do ano e entre os dias da semana. O nível de significância adotado foi de 0,05. No caso das efemérides, foi utilizado o mesmo teste (ANOVA) para comparar com a média de mortes da data controle. A análise de tendência foi realizada pelo programa joinpoint regression. Foi considerada a média de mortes por semana epidemiológica ao longo do ano (53 semanas) bem como os dias próximos ao Natal e Ano novo. O objetivo dessa análise foi identificar alguma alteração das mortes no período do Natal e Ano novo. Para a análise da associação entre mortalidade e variáveis ambientais, foram escolhidos dois períodos do ano: 24 de dezembro a 1 de janeiro e 24 de junho a 2 de julho. Foram calculadas as médias anuais para cada causa de morte bem como de cada variável ambiental, ano a ano. Foi utilizado teste para o coeficiente de correlação e regressão linear para estimar as associações. RESULTADOS: Foi identificado um excesso de homicídio no período do Natal e Ano novo para o sexo masculino e total. Considerando-se apenas o feriado (25 de dezembro e 1 de janeiro) o excesso de homicídio foi de 7,81 (p<0,01) mortes para o total. As demais efemérides não apresentaram diferença significativa em relação às respectivas datas de controle. A análise de variância, para o grupo de doenças cardiovasculares, identificou um pico significativo de mortes no inverno. Suicídio e homicídio apresentaram picos nas estações quentes. Acidente de transporte não apresentou padrão definido. Quanto ao dia da semana, doença coronariana apresentou excesso de mortes na segunda-feira, insuficiência na terça-feira. AVC não apresentou padrão definido. Homicídio e acidente de transporte apresentaram maior frequência de mortes aos finais de semana. Suicídio apresentou picos no domingo e segunda-feira. A análise de tendência identificou um pico no meio do ano, correspondente ao inverno, para mortes por doenças cardiovasculares. Acidente de transporte apresentou queda no período do Natal e Ano novo. Considerando-se os dias próximos ao Natal e Ano novo, não foi identificada nenhuma alteração da tendência. Na análise de regressão, para doença coronariana, foi identificada associação negativa com a temperatura mínima e positiva com NO2, para o total e sexo masculino. CONCLUSÃO: Foi identificado um pico significativo de homicídios no Natal e Ano novo, que pode ser explicado parcialmente pela teoria de atividade de rotina. Quanto à sazonalidade os resultados condizem com a literatura, ou seja, mortes por doenças cardiovasculares mais frequentes no inverno, suicídio e homicídio no verão. Em relação ao dia da semana foram identificados alguns resultados diferenciados, como maior ocorrência de mortes por insuficiência cardíaca as terças-feiras e suicídio aos domingos e segundas-feiras / INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Christmas and New Years holidays in the mortality from coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, traffic accidents, suicide and homicide in the city of São Paulo, 1996 to 2009. Secondary objectives were to investigate other ephemerides, like carnival, world cup and demotion of the football teams (Corinthians and Palmeiras), PCC attack in 2006. In addition, we investigated associations between environmental and cultural variables with mortality, as seasonality, day of week, weather and air pollutants. METHODS: An ecological and retrospective study. The daily mortality data were obtained through PRO-AIM. The study conducted three types of analysis: (1) comparison of means, (2) trend, (3) linear regression. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc test was used to compare the average number of deaths between seasons and between the day of the week. The level of significance was 0.05. In the case of the ephemeris, we used the same test (ANOVA) to compare with the deaths with the control period. A trend analysis was performed by the joinpoint regression program. It was considered the average of deaths per epidemiological week throughout the year (53 weeks) and the days near Christmas and New Year. The purpose of this analysis was to identify any changes in the deaths during this period. For the analysis of association between mortality and environmental variables were chosen two periods of the year: December 24 to January 1 and June 24 to July 2. Annual averages were calculated for each cause of death as well as each environmental variable from year to year. Test was used for the coefficient of correlation and linear regression to estimate associations. RESULTS: An excess of homicide in the period around Christmas and New Year was identified for males and total. Considering only the holiday (December 25 and January 1) the excess of homicide was 7.81 (p <0.01) for total deaths. Other ephemerides did not differ significantly from their respective control dates. The analysis of variance for the group of cardiovascular disease, identified a significant peak of deaths in winter. Suicide and homicide peaked in the warm seasons. Transport accident showed no definite pattern. Considering the day of the week, coronary heart disease showed an excess of deaths on Monday, heart failure on Tuesday. Stroke showed no definite pattern. Homicide and transport accident deaths were more frequent on weekends. Suicide peaks were on Sunday and Monday. Trend analysis identified a peak in the middle of the year, corresponding to winter, only to deaths from cardiovascular disease. Traffic accidents decreased during the Christmas and New Year. Considering the days near Christmas and New Year, no change was identified. In regression analysis, coronary heart disease was negatively associated with minimum temperatura and positively with NO2, for the total and male. CONCLUSION: We identified a significant spike of homicides in the Christmas and New Year, which can be partially explained by the theory of routine activity. The seasonality results consistent with the literature, ie, deaths from cardiovascular disease more common in winter, suicide and homicide in the summer. Regarding the day of the week have been identified differing results, as higher incidence of deaths from heart failure on Tuesdays and suicide on Sunday and Monday

L’effet de la disponibilité des AAF sur le taux d’homicide est un sujet qui n’a jamais su faire consensus au sein du corpus scientifique. En tenant compte des réalités canadiennes relatives à l’utilisation d’une arme à feu dans les homicides, la présente étude évaluera la relation entre la disponibilité des armes à feu et le taux d’homicide au Canada, par le biais de séries chronologiques simples et multiples. Les données utilisées dans le cadre de la recherche proviennent de l’Enquête sur l’homicide effectuée par Statistiques Canada, du programme de la déclaration uniforme de la criminalité (DUC), des catalogues Juristats et des catalogues produits par Statistiques Canada sur les causes de décès au pays. Globalement, des relations positives et significatives sont observées entre les deux phénomènes au temps t. Au temps t-1 et t-2, des relations négatives sont observées entre la disponibilité des armes à feu et le taux d’homicide, tandis que des relations positives sont constatées entre le taux d’homicides et la disponibilité des armes à feu. Les résultats confirment que le taux d’homicide et la disponibilité des armes à feu sont des phénomènes qui s’influencent mutuellement dans le temps. En raison du niveau d’agrégation des données, il n’est pas possible de départager l’influence respective des deux phénomènes. Les résultats soutiennent toutefois davantage les thèses de l’autoprotection et de l’autodéfense. Enfin, les résultats montrent l’importance de développer des indices de disponibilité propres aux deux types d’armes à feu impliqués dans les homicides au Canada. / The debate surrounding the effects of gun availability on homicide rates have continuously been going on between scholars for the last decades. Relying on the Canadian context regarding the use of a firearm in homicides, this study evaluates the relationship between gun availability and homicide rates in Canada using pooled-time series analyses. Data used in this study comes from Statistics Canada’s Homicide Survey, the Uniform Crime Report Survey (UCR), Juristat’s catalogues and from catalogues produced by Statistics Canada on the causes of death in the country. Globally, results show positive and significant relationships between the two phenomena over time. Analyses at time t-1 and t-2 allow us to, on one hand notice negative and significant relationships between homicide rates and gun availability. One the other hand,positive and significant relationships were found between gun availability and homicide rates. Analyses suggest that there is a reciprocal relationship between homicide ratesand gun availability in Canada for the period under study. Additional studies using different aggregation levels are needed to pinpoint the specific effects of gun availability and homicide rates on each other. However, the present results tend to give greater support the selfprotection and defensive gun use hypotheses. Results also underline the importance of developing distinct proxies to capture the relationships between the availability of specific firearms and particular homicide rates in Canada