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<p>Abstract</p><p>The purpose of this study is to investigate how seven homosexual men in the age between 18 and 26 years experience openness with their sexuality in Stockholm. We wish to investigate how these men experience and handle their everyday life in a community characterized by a heteronormative foundation. We will focus on how they handle their openness in an urban environment and if they experience any limitations dependent on the situation or surroundings they live in, and also how they handle these situations. The study is hermeneutically inspired where seven life story interviews are analyzed within the theoretical frameworks provided by Connell, Goffman, Foucault and Queer theory.</p><p>The results show that the respondents’ openness varies depending on a variety of factors where surroundings, situations and previous experiences are influential. In those cases where the openness was limited there appeared to be several different strategies to use. Furthermore feelings of many times being excluded and belonging to a different part of society were clear. These feelings have proven to be constantly present in the minds of the respondents. It is also clear that there is strength and solidarity to be found within their own group.</p>

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate how seven homosexual men in the age between 18 and 26 years experience openness with their sexuality in Stockholm. We wish to investigate how these men experience and handle their everyday life in a community characterized by a heteronormative foundation. We will focus on how they handle their openness in an urban environment and if they experience any limitations dependent on the situation or surroundings they live in, and also how they handle these situations. The study is hermeneutically inspired where seven life story interviews are analyzed within the theoretical frameworks provided by Connell, Goffman, Foucault and Queer theory. The results show that the respondents’ openness varies depending on a variety of factors where surroundings, situations and previous experiences are influential. In those cases where the openness was limited there appeared to be several different strategies to use. Furthermore feelings of many times being excluded and belonging to a different part of society were clear. These feelings have proven to be constantly present in the minds of the respondents. It is also clear that there is strength and solidarity to be found within their own group.

This research aimed to explore the narratives of romantic jealousy in the context of infidelity for heterosexual and homosexual men from Johannesburg South Africa. This study takes on a qualitative approach using a narrative analysis in combination with a structural and thematic content analysis. The narratives of the heterosexual and homosexual men revealed the role which jealousy plays in every relationship, and how it can affect the emotions and behaviours of both partners. This study found that the narratives of these men were in contradiction to what evolutionary theories as well as past research on the topic have suggested. Evolutionary perspectives propose that heterosexual men are more inclided to sexual infidelity, this was however found to be in contradiction to the beliefs and ideas held by the participants of this study. Heterosexual participants of this study reported that for them emotional infidelity would be more jealousy provoking, as it would be a sure indication that the relationship would end. Past research findings on the other hand have suggested that homosexual males are more inclined to emotional infidelity, as they do not face the risk of cuckholdry. However the same can not be said for the narratives of the homosexual participants of this study. The narrative of all except for one homosexual participant indicated that homosexual men felt that they would be greatly affected by sexual infidelity rather than emotional infidelity. There explanations revolved around the open ended nature and ease of access to sex which is prevalent in the gay community. It is also important to note that simmilarly to the heterosexual group, most of the participnats who experienced sexual jealousy also experienced sexual infidelity. Indicating a link between the type of infidelity you experience to the type of jealousy you feel. This research identified that heterosexual participants felt that in their live stories they found emotional jealousy to be the worst apsect of infidelity while homosexual men felt that sexual jealousy was the worst aspect of infidelity.

Background: in the late 1970s, HIV had a sudden outbreak in Africa, and in the late 1980 ́s the rest of the world was informed about the epidemic. Due to increased level of the infected people around the world HIV has been the cause of many deaths worldwide, and unfortunately HIV continues to spread. HIV is today, considered to be a incurable virus disease, but due to antiviral medication that allows individuals who are infected with HIV cancause of spreading HIV during 1980, which subjected these men to stigmatizing and discriminatory attitudes, especially in health care.  Aim: To explore how homosexual HIV-infected men describe their experiences of treatment from healthcare professionals. Method:  A literature review based on six qualitative articles, three quantitative article and one mixed approach article Results: The result consisted of one main themes and three subthemes. The first theme is experienced lack of knowledge with three subthemes: experiences of worthy care, experience of being denied care and the experiences of stigmatizing and/ or discriminatory attitudes. The main theme highlights how healthcare professionals lack of knowledge affects healthcare. The different subthemes discusses HIV-infected homosexual men ́s experiences of healthcare as both negative and positive. Discussion: The discussions are divided into four sections: the need for increased knowledge, experiences of being denied care and/or experiences of worthy care, stigmatization and discriminatory attitudes impact on patients care and geographical differences. This section was discussed by using Katie Eriksson nursing theory about care suffering, the background of the literature review and by using new research. / Bakgrund: I slutet av 1970-talet fick HIV ett plötsligt utbrott i Afrika, och i slutet av 1980-talet fick resten av världen höra talas om epidemin. Sjukdomen har orsakat många dödsfall världen över, och fortsätter att spridas sig. Idag anses HIV att vara en obotlig virussjukdom, som på grund av antivirala mediciner gör att individer som är smittade med HIV kan leva ett normalt liv. Homosexuella HIV-smittade män blev under 1980-talet skuldbelagda för att förorsaka HIV. Som resultat av detta har dessa män utsatts för stigmatiserande och diskriminerande attityder, speciellt inom sjukvården. Syfte: Att undersöka hur homosexuella HIV-smittade män beskriver sina upplevelser kring bemötandet från hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Metod: En litteraturöversikt som baserades på sex kvalitativa artiklar, tre kvantitativa artiklar och en mixad metod. Resultat: Resultatet bestod av ett huvudteman och tre subteman. Det första temat var: Upplevd kunskapsbrist, med tre subteman: upplevelsen av att få värdig vård, upplevelsen att bli vägrad vård samt rädsla för stigmatiserande och/eller diskriminerande attityder. Huvudtemat lyfter upp hur hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens kunskapsbrist påverkar sjukvården. De olika subteman behandlar HIV-smittade homosexuella mäns upplevelser av sjukvården som både negativ och positiv. Diskussion: Resultatdiskussionen delades in i fyra avsnitt: upplevelsen av att bli nekad vård och/eller upplevelsen av att bli hörd, stigmatiserande och diskriminerande attityders påverkan på patientens vård, behov av ökad kunskap samt geografiska skillnader. Avsnittet diskuteras utifrån Katies Erikssons omvårdnadsteori om vårdlidande, litteraturöversiktens bakgrund samt med hjälp av ny forskning.

Denna studie ämnar belysa hur svarta män framställs i film och vilka attityder dessa män har mot varandra. Uppsatsen undersöker hur aggressivitet och femininitet tar sig uttryck i den Oscarbelönade filmen Moonlight (2016) och vilka stereotyper som framkommer hos männen i filmen. Eftersom filmen behandlar homosexualitet i ett socioekonomiskt lågt område ämnar studien undersöka attityden gentemot homosexualitet och hur huvudkaraktären lever ett liv som homosexuell man. Teorier som används för att kunna undersöka aggressivitet och femininitet i filmen är heteronormativitet, representationsteori och stereotyper samt maskulinitet och hegemoni som hjälper oss titta djupare på aggressiviteten. Utifrån en multimodal diskursanalys har vi med hjälp av lexikala val, värdeladdade ord och paralingvistisk kommunikation studerat filmen och valt ut scener som belyser det som vi ämnar undersöka. Analysen visade att aggressivitet uttrycktes både verbalt och fysiskt, samt att det skedde en maktordning bland de manliga karaktärerna i filmen. De som faller innanför den heterosexuella ramen blir inte utsatta för samma våld och aggression som homosexuella män. Femininitet är ett genomgående tema i filmen som visade sig främst hos den homosexuella huvudkaraktären. Det syntes utifrån sårbarhet och att vara öppen med sina känslor. / This study aims to illustrate how Black men are depicted in film and what attitudes these men have towards each other. The study examines how aggressiveness and femininity is expressed in the Oscar awarded film Moonlight (2016) and what stereotypes that are emerging among the men in the film. Since the film includes homosexuality in a socio-economically low area, this study aims to look at attitudes towards homosexuality and how the main character is living a life as a homosexual man. Theories that have been used to examine aggressiveness and femininity are heteronormativity, representation theory and stereotypes as well as masculinity and hegemony that helps us look further into the aggressiveness. Based on a multimodal discourse analysis, we have used lexical choices, valued words, and paralinguistic communication to study the film and chose scenes that illustrate the aim of this study. The analysis showed that aggressiveness was expressed verbally and physically, and that there was a power structure among the male characters in the film. The ones falling within the heterosexual frame are not being exposed to the same amount of violence and aggression as the homosexual men. Femininity is a thoroughgoingly theme in the film and was shown mostly by the homosexual main character. It was shown by vulnerability and by expressing emotions.

This study aims to understand how social and sexual relations are initiated, negotiated and constructed among homo- and bisexual men within a specific sexual field; the geo-social application Grindr. It’s based on qualitative and semi-structured interviews with six self-identified homosexual men in Sweden from various age groups and with various social backgrounds who are using, or has used, Grindr in order to initiate and establish contacts with other homo- and bisexual men. Of certain interest are their experiences of using the application and being a part of its social and sexual setting.   In order to analyse the interviews, a combination of sexual script theory and sexual field theory has been used, together with Norbert Elias theories on the relationship between the established and the outsiders. The results indicate that Grindr is a refuge and safe space for homo- and bisexual men and queer persons from the social and sexual norms that prevails in a heteronormative society. As such, Grindr could be understood as a social and sexual field of its own, in which interpersonal scripts and negotiations are crucial for establishing contacts of various kinds. There is also a remarkable sexual stratification based on various sexual capitals that the users of Grindr use to position themselves in relation to each other in order to be regarded as desirable. One consequence of these “structures of desire” is that some personal and bodily qualities often are regarded in a less favourable way, sometimes with stigmatization and marginalization of groups of people as dire consequences of these structures of sexuality. There’s also a remarkable distinction, resistance and ambivalence against the heteronormative society and its cultural scenarios, but at the same time it was a necessary part in the collective self-image of being an outsider group.