The aim of the study is to examine a book used as level-based teaching material, Den magiska kulan (Wänblad, 2011), to analyse the progression within and between the different levels, A, B and C, intended for use in grade 1. The material is designed so that pupils at different levels in their reading development can share the same literature. Another aim is to study the connection between illustrations and text. This literature study is based on both a qualitative and a quantitative method of analysis. The qualitative method applies a readability analysis with the focus on the graphic form and the language of the text. The quantitative method measures the LIX (readability index) of the texts. The result of the study shows that all the levels are suitable for grade 1 since their degree of difficulty is adapted and they have a smooth progression, as well as illustrations which are closely linked to the text. Although these readers are made for this grade, it is important that teachers scrutinize the material used in teaching.

This thesis provides evidence that learning difficulties some. black primary-schoolchildren may experience with certain textbooks, can be attributed, in part, to the visual text (imagery). These difficulties were established by eliciting responses from educationally dlscfdvantaged urban black primary learners to selected examples of visual texts using the Research Interview method. To further establish if these difficulties were attributable either to poorly executed/unrecognizable visual text, or to low levels of learned educational visual literacy skills - white primary-school children were also interviewed - as it was anticipated that they would be familiar with Western pictorial material due to their consistent exposure to books from an early age. The difficulties experienced by the black interviewees were attributed mainly to their level of learned pictorial perceptual skills and to a lesser extent to poorly/inadequately illustrated visual texts. It was found from interviews with the developers of visual texts - publishing personnel and illustrators - that the former were not entirely certain e.xactly which aspects of visual text were difficult for black primary learners to comprehend, while the latter were generaUy very uncertain. The procedure for visual text development by the developers (including textbook authors), was found to be problematic due to the lack of synthesis and consultative decision making in the process- between these persons. The limited time allocated to illustrators for producing visual text, as well as their professional isolation, were found to be factors which can give rise to ineffective and inadequate visual texts. Most publishers and authors, if they trial (field-test) materials, generally do not trial the visual text. The visual text is usually decided upon ultimately by the poblishers and produced after trialling and/or consultants have examined the written text. Consequently incongruent meanings and inconsistencies can result between written and visual text, which can affect the learning effectiveness of the composite text. Trialling (field-testing) of visual and written text together, was recommended to identify and address any difficulties experienced by learners prior to final publication of the textbook. Recommendations were provided for textbook selection committees, authors, teachers, publishers and illustrators.

The dissertation examines how the Swedish cultural code, contained in books by Astrid Lindgren, was transferred into the Polish linguistic and cultural domain. The research reveals how the Polish cultural filter affected the image of Swedish reality in the translations. The analysis took into account the transfer of both verbal and visual aspects of the cultural elements. A smooth transfer was achieved in the following sphere: changes in the linguistic code between interlocutors from different social strata; the way in which people from the privileged classes were addressed; the transfer of the verbal folklore of children. The folklore of Swedish and Polish children was shown to be more or less congruent, which may indicate the existence of a universal, transnational children’s code. The reconstruction of intertextual references was achieved in relation to the Bible. References to world literature succeeded in crossing the cultural border only partially. The complexity of the cultural code of the original led to an exoticization of the translated text. The colloquial language and dialect of the original, reflecting the structure of Swedish society failed to find its way into the translations. Emotionality in the form of expression, typical of Polish culture, caused the translations to be characterized by the use of diminutives. The emphasis on the emotional element is also visible in the enormous diversification of the verba dicendi in the translations, which also makes the text more expressive. The linguistic and stylistic conventions of the target language (i.e. Polish) caused the translations to depart from Lindgren’s simple and repetitive style. The addition of footnotes in the translations demonstrates the strong didactic tendencies in literature for children in Polish culture. They did not enrich the text of the translation, however, with any new information. The transfer of the visual element in the first translations was characterized by polonization and folkoricization. Scenes that show children at work and portray village life were subjected to a form of purification, so that the small-town milieu—in contrast to the village—was shown to advantage through its visualization. The typical rural buildings and the costumes of their inmates were transmitted via a strategy of folkloricization: by drawing on the relatively well-regarded peasant culture of the Podhale region of Poland.

Orientador: Norma Wimmer / Resumo: Baseada na abordagem funcional dos Estudos Descritivos da Tradução e seguindo o modelo de José Lambert e Van Gorp (1985), propomos a análise da obra Through the looking glass and what Alice has found there (1871) de Lewis Carroll, mais comumente traduzida no Brasil como Alice através do espelho. O corpus deste trabalho é composto de quinze edições brasileiras que foram selecionadas a partir de um estudo historiográfico e da edição comentada The Annotated Alice (1965), como texto-fonte (TF). Preferencialmente, utilizou-se três edições distintas como referência para cotejamento e análise: Alice no país do espelho, tradução de Monteiro Lobato (1961); As aventuras de Alice no país das maravilhas & Através do espelho e o que Alice encontrou lá (1980), tradução de Sebastião Uchoa Leite; Alice através do espelho (2015) tradução de Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Essa pesquisa teve como etapas: (1) análise descritiva cotejando as edições por meio do modelo proposto por José Lambert e Van Gorp (1985), iniciando com levantamento de dados preliminares, seguido de macro e microanálises do corpus e, por fim, a verificação do contexto sistêmico, destacando as relações intertextuais e intersistêmicas com o intuito de verificar os principais procedimentos e estratégias tradutórias utilizados pelos tradutores/adaptadores na tradução da narrativa, dos poemas e Nursery Rhymes e trocadilhos da obra, verificando, ainda, de que maneira a linguagem visual representada pelas ilustrações, presentes em to... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Based on the functional approach of Descriptive Translation Studies and following the model created by José Lambert and Van Gorp (1985), we propose an analysis of the book Through the looking glass and what Alice has found there (1871) written by Lewis Carroll, most commonly translated in Brazil as Alice através do espelho. The corpus of this work is composed by fifteen Brazilian editions that were selected from a historiographic study and by the commented edition The Annotated Alice (1965), as source text (ST). Preferably, three different editions were used as a reference for comparison and analysis: Alice no país do espelho, translation by Monteiro Lobato (1961); As aventuras de Alice no país das maravilhas e através do espelho e o que Alice encontrou lá (1980), translated by Sebastião Uchoa Leite; Alice através do espelho (2015) translated by Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. This research had as stages: (1) descriptive analysis comparing the editions using the model proposed by José Lambert and Van Gorp (1985), starting with a survey of preliminary data, followed by macro and micro analysis of the corpus and, finally, the verification of the systemic context, highlighting the intertextual and intersystemic relations in order to verify the main translation procedures and strategies used by the translators / adapters in the translation of the narrative, of the poems and Nursery Rhymes and puns of the work, also verifying how the language visual represented by the illustrations, p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: Basados en el enfoque funcional de los Estudios Descriptivos de Traducción siguiendo el modelo de José Lambert y Van Gorp (1985), proponemos un análisis de Through the looking glass and what Alice has found there (1871), traducido más comúnmente en Brasil como Alice através do espelho. El corpus de este trabajo está compuesto por quince ediciones brasileñas que fueron seleccionadas de un estudio historiográfico y de la edición comentada The Annotated Alice (1965), como texto fuente (TF). Preferiblemente, se utilizaron tres ediciones diferentes como referencia para la comparación y el análisis: Alice no país do espelho, traducción de Monteiro Lobato (1961); As aventuras de Alice no país das maravilhas e através do espelho e o que Alice encontrou lá (1980), traducido por Sebastião Uchoa Leite; Alice através do espelho (2015) traducida por Alexandre Barbosa de Souza. Esta investigación tuvo como etapas: (1) análisis descriptivo comparando las ediciones utilizando el modelo propuesto por José Lambert y Van Gorp (1985), comenzando con una encuesta de datos preliminares, seguida de un análisis macro y micro del cuerpo y, finalmente, la verificación del contexto sistémico, destacando las relaciones intertextuales e intersistémicas con el fin de verificar los principales procedimientos y estrategias de traducción utilizados por los traductores / adaptadores en la traducción de la narrativa, de los poemas y rimas infantiles y juegos de palabras del trabajo, también verificando cómo fu... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

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In this essay, the children’s picture book Hilma af Klint: maps of invisibility by Ylva Hillström and Karin Eklund is analyzed with the aim of exploring the picture book as a medium and tool for art history writing. The analysis examines how the artist Hilma af Klint is portrayed and how art history is presented, as well as placing a particular focus on analyzing the interaction between image and text. The content is examined with semiotic image analysis, an inductive literature study as well as reception aesthetics analysis. The analysis concludes that Hilma af Klint as an artist is portrayed as fearless, curious and serious, and her artistic ambition is described as the desire to understand the universe. The design of the picture book and the ability to freely place and combine images and texts in different ways means that it is possible to convey the history of the art in several ways. With the picture book, sometimes several parallel stories are told; sometimes picture and text work together to complement each other, other tims the same thing is presented in both text and picture, or the pictures tell a story of their own or provide additional information that does not appear in the text. Depending on the experience of the viewer/reader, it is possible to derive different things from the picture book, and gaps can be filled as well as be left empty, which creates excitement and curiosity about the rest of the art world. Through the illustrations representation of af Klint's work and Eklund's way of illustrating the works the images in the book relate back to the children's/viewer's own world. The design of the picture book functions as a gateway to what it is like to look at art and art books and it works to create images within the viewer.

A son retour de Paris en 1940, Alfred Pellan ramène une production artistique qui se caractérise par la semi- figuration. Ces représentations surchargées d'éléments hétéroclites, de personnages hybrides et d'objets insolites participent d'une sémanticité nouvelle de l'oeuvre picturale. La sémiotique de Charles S. Peirce, aussi appelée "théorie de la signification", permet une interprétation approfondie, toujours "proposée" et jamais finale des signes visuels. En passant par la notion d'interprétant, les signes visuels iconiques, indiciels et symboliques permettent un décryptage des signes semi- figuratifs contenus dans ce type de représentations. Nous proposons dans ce mémoire une analyse sémiotique de trois tableaux de Pellan des années '40 et '50 en nous basant sur la catégorie de l'objet -icône, indice et symbole-, deuxième niveau de la trichotomie peircienne, en vue d'une confrontation théorie/pratique renouvelant l'approche sémiotique de Peirce en regard de l'objet pictural. / Montréal Trigonix inc. 2018

En explorant les valeurs et les éléments de culture associés à l'humanisme dans la culture du Web 2.0, le projet de maîtrise Iconologia Web présente une comparaison entre ces valeurs et une sélection idéaliste de celles associées à la Renaissance. Ce mémoire présente le contexte culturel et artistique à l'origine de Y Iconologia Web. Le concept de Réseau Vivant est introduit et précisé à travers une série d'images commentées suivie d'une mise en perspective de l'environnement de communication le concernant. En instaurant l'interrelation entre les internautes et le Web, le Web 2.0 (Web participatif) est présenté comme la manifestation du Réseau Vivant. À partir de cette idée, j'aborde la question de l'humanisme en faisant l'hypothèse que ce mouvement se poursuit dans la culture du Web 2.0. Enfin, le dernier chapitre concerne les étapes de création liées à {'Iconologia Web, un projet qui constitue une hybridation entre le Web participatif et l'humanisme de la Renaissance, (www.iconologia.net)

Je crée des images, des espaces qui parlent du temps, qui parlent de mémoire personnelle, mais aussi d’une mémoire collective, de maisons, d’arbres, de racines. Le présent mémoire est une réflexion à partir de questions qui m’habitent et se répercutent à travers la création de mes installations. Mes investigations sont principalement fondées sur ces questionnements : Pourquoi parler de cet espace qui nous entoure, pourquoi parler de ce temps qui définit, encadre ou éclate ces images qui peuplent ma pensée? Le processus créatif est selon moi en perpétuel mouvement, tout comme la mémoire. Tout bouge, rien n’est fixe et c’est ce qui me motive à créer.

Le personnage d'Hector, guerrier troyen, est aussi l'un des Neuf Preux ayant marqué l'imaginaire de l'aristocratie laïque du Moyen Âge. Le héros, malgré sa mort prématurée dans le récit, joue un rôle de premier plan dans le Roman de Troie. Écrit vers 1160 par le clerc français Benoît de Sainte-Maure, ce texte appartient à la catégorie des romans antiques qui se développe au XIIe siècle en reprenant des textes épiques de l'Antiquité. Les romans antiques se caractérisent notamment par la présence d'ekphraseis qui relèvent du topos littéraire de la merveille médiévale, particulièrement apprécié au sein de l'élite laïque. Le Roman de Troie constitue en quelque sorte le fondement sur lequel se basent plusieurs autres auteurs de la fin du Moyen Âge pour remanier la matière troyenne, qui relève évidemment du monde païen. De cette tradition littéraire, nous avons choisi de traiter du motif ekphrastique de l'exposition du cadavre d'Hector dans son tombeau merveilleux. Ce motif a été enluminé à plusieurs reprises et ce, dans divers manuscrits datant de la période allant de la fin du XIIIe siècle au début du XVIe siècle. Le but de notre recherche est d'interroger, dans la logique de la relation image-texte (approche), la nature de la relation entre la représentation iconographique et sa description en réfléchissant aux relations entre les traditions funéraires de l'Occident chrétien et le topos littéraire de la merveille. En d'autres termes, nous tentons de cerner les « solutions » choisies pour négocier les tensions entre la tradition chrétienne et l'imaginaire profane (problématique). Le premier chapitre est dévolu à la présentation de notre corpus varié, à l'élaboration du bilan historiographique et à la présentation de la méthodologie, soit une analyse sérielle d'un corpus d'images tendant vers l'exhaustivité. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous interrogeons la première sous-catégorie de notre corpus : plusieurs enluminures évacuent le tombeau au profit d'un cercueil conventionnel. Nous démontrons que ces représentations, dans l'optique d'une économie du processus de création, s'inscrivent dans l'iconographie et la réalité des rituels chrétiens traditionnels. Le troisième chapitre concerne la deuxième sous-catégorie de notre corpus, soit les enluminures qui figurent directement le tombeau ekphrastique. Elles sont le fruit de processus de création diversifiés et inventifs, dont la majorité produit des représentations à caractère hybride. Ces dernières font coïncider la typologie réelle des monuments funéraires et les données merveilleuses de l'ekphrasis en soulignant la symbolique princière, sainte et païenne du héros. Quelques tombeaux enluminés prennent aussi une apparence inédite. Nous observons que, dans l'ensemble, l'origine géographique des œuvres a une influence importante sur le rendu iconographique du tombeau et des personnages. Enfin, l'ultime chapitre se concentre plus spécifiquement sur le cadavre exposé d'Hector et/ou son effigie ressemblante. Nous avons l'intuition que les représentations enluminées ne sont pas étrangères à certaines conceptions symboliques du corps (ou de sa représentation) au Moyen Âge. Tout en démontrant que notre corpus reflète les mondes religieux, politique, culturel et imaginaire de ses producteurs, nous contribuons à la recherche encore naissante sur l'iconographie du topos littéraire de la merveille médiévale.