Global ETD Search

171	Essais en microéconomie théorique et appliquée Bahel, Éric January 2009 (has links) Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal. Méthode de partage des coûts Cost sharing method "Ranking" Ranking Flot Flow Profil de demande Demand profile Symétrie Symetry Importations Imports Resource non renouvelable Nonrenewable resource Embargos aléatoires Random embargoes Réserves stratégiques Strategic reserves Biocarburants Biofuel Épuisement du pétrole Oil depletion Prix de l'énergie Energy price Prix des aliments Food price
172	Středověké sklo v Praze / Medieval Glass in Prague Prokopová, Anna January 2012 (has links) This work considers finds of medieval glass in the historic centre of Prague on the basis of archaeological material from the National Herritage Institute excavations. Besides the typology of glass vessels, special attention is paid to the concerning the social level of the society of that time, resp. the study of glass imports that can inform us of the commercial or cultural contacts of the given locality. Especially the enameled glass play an important role in studies of the extraordinary social and economic status. The archaeological evidences of medieval glass has been found in Prague since the end of the 19 th century. The end of the sixtieths brought large finds of medieval glass fragments which most has not been studied as yet. Some of them are included into this work, which is aimed at the region of Old and New Town, whereas the finds of Prague Castle has been left aside. In the study of the popularity of glass tableware, it is possible to observe the process well documented in the majority of Czech towns. In Prague glass ware fragments appeared quite early, already in the 12th century and also in the following century glass presented luxury ware intended for the highest social level. Towards the end of the 13th century the situation began to change. During the first half of the 14th century we...
173	Crossing the Bridge : An Interpretation of the Archaeological Remains in the Etruscan Bridge Complex at San Giovenale, Etruria Backe-Forsberg, Yvonne January 2005 (has links) <p>This thesis discusses the archaeological remains in the Etruscan bridge complex, found during the excavations at San Giovenale in 1959–1963, and 1999. The aim has been to reach a holistic perspective of the bridge complex with the bridge seen as a link between topography, economy, social relationships, politics, symbols and ritual, reflecting its importance for the whole community at San Giovenale and its surroundings. Situated at the border between the two largest city-states Tarquinia and Caere, the site seems to have been an important middle range transit town for foreign ideas, goods and people. </p><p>The character of the remains and the various levels of contextual analyses made it possible to distinguish five distinctive functions for the structures at the bridge over the Pietrisco. From a more generalised point of view these suggested that specialized functions may be divided into practical, social and symbolic functions and these aspects have been of help in identifying an object or a structure. Besides practical functions of everyday use, economic and strategic functions have also been considered. </p><p>These functions were more or less in use contemporaneously, at least during several hundred years, from about the middle of the 6th down to the first century B.C. Pottery and small finds show that some activity has taken place at the site from the 9th century. Features of continuity, such as in the choice of crossing, the direction of the bridge construction after its destruction, the architectural ground-plans, the use of basins and a well, pottery fabrics of local and Greek imports and shapes, as well as changes in ground-plans, slight changes in the environment due to water erosion, earth-quakes and slides, have been observed. The physical as well as the liminal boundary between land and water as well as between man and spirits was accentuated by the tufa building, the water installations, and the road at the northern abutment. The thesis raises the hypothesis that the Etruscans believed that a crossing of a river via a bridge could violate the spirits of nature on land and in the water and therefore special rites were needed to restore the balance between nature and man before entering the bridge in order to reach safely at the other side of the ravine. The bridge itself can be seen as sacred, a liminal area where time and space do not exist and a place where it is easy to gain contact with the supernatural world. </p> Etruscan San Giovenale bridge chthonic Vesuna Lurs Larunita gens Urcena Larth Fasthi Alsi sacellum Orientalizing Protovillanovan Archaic Hellenistic pottery Greek imports inscriptions ritual liminal rites of passage sacrifices banqueting transit road multiple functions continuity change Antikens kultur och samhällsliv Antikens kultur och samhälle
174	Crossing the Bridge : An Interpretation of the Archaeological Remains in the Etruscan Bridge Complex at San Giovenale, Etruria Backe-Forsberg, Yvonne January 2005 (has links) This thesis discusses the archaeological remains in the Etruscan bridge complex, found during the excavations at San Giovenale in 1959–1963, and 1999. The aim has been to reach a holistic perspective of the bridge complex with the bridge seen as a link between topography, economy, social relationships, politics, symbols and ritual, reflecting its importance for the whole community at San Giovenale and its surroundings. Situated at the border between the two largest city-states Tarquinia and Caere, the site seems to have been an important middle range transit town for foreign ideas, goods and people. The character of the remains and the various levels of contextual analyses made it possible to distinguish five distinctive functions for the structures at the bridge over the Pietrisco. From a more generalised point of view these suggested that specialized functions may be divided into practical, social and symbolic functions and these aspects have been of help in identifying an object or a structure. Besides practical functions of everyday use, economic and strategic functions have also been considered. These functions were more or less in use contemporaneously, at least during several hundred years, from about the middle of the 6th down to the first century B.C. Pottery and small finds show that some activity has taken place at the site from the 9th century. Features of continuity, such as in the choice of crossing, the direction of the bridge construction after its destruction, the architectural ground-plans, the use of basins and a well, pottery fabrics of local and Greek imports and shapes, as well as changes in ground-plans, slight changes in the environment due to water erosion, earth-quakes and slides, have been observed. The physical as well as the liminal boundary between land and water as well as between man and spirits was accentuated by the tufa building, the water installations, and the road at the northern abutment. The thesis raises the hypothesis that the Etruscans believed that a crossing of a river via a bridge could violate the spirits of nature on land and in the water and therefore special rites were needed to restore the balance between nature and man before entering the bridge in order to reach safely at the other side of the ravine. The bridge itself can be seen as sacred, a liminal area where time and space do not exist and a place where it is easy to gain contact with the supernatural world. Etruscan San Giovenale bridge chthonic Vesuna Lurs Larunita gens Urcena Larth Fasthi Alsi sacellum Orientalizing Protovillanovan Archaic Hellenistic pottery Greek imports inscriptions ritual liminal rites of passage sacrifices banqueting transit road multiple functions continuity change Antikens kultur och samhällsliv Antikens kultur och samhälle
175	Essais en microéconomie théorique et appliquée Bahel, Éric January 2009 (has links) Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal Méthode de partage des coûts Cost sharing method "Ranking" Ranking Flot Flow Profil de demande Demand profile Symétrie Symetry Importations Imports Resource non renouvelable Nonrenewable resource Embargos aléatoires Random embargoes Réserves stratégiques Strategic reserves Biocarburants Biofuel Épuisement du pétrole Oil depletion Prix de l'énergie Energy price Prix des aliments Food price
176	Justification of restrictions on imports or exports of goods on the grounds of the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants / Importo ir eksporto prekių ribojimo pagrįstumo sąlygos žmonių, gyvūnų ar augalų sveikatos bei gyvybės apsaugos tikslais Kunak, Juraj 05 February 2013 (has links) The present master thesis provides the reader with overall and detailed review of jurisdiction of the CJEU in correlation with primary and secondary law of the European Union regarding justification of restrictions on imports or exports of goods on the grounds of the protection of health and life of humans, animals or plants pursuant to the art.36 of TFEU. The very first part deals with the essence of the free movement goods. It explains the concept of the prohibition on custom duties on imports and exports and charges having equivalent effect and quantitative restrictions on imports and exports and all measures having equivalent effect. Simultaneously this part demonstrates the application of the art.36 of TFEU and presents mandatory requirements and their purpose. The second part clarifies the concept of goods according to the European Union law, examples and provides proper definition. The third part presents the core of the thesis. It is subdivided into more than 10 parts. It contains explanations regarding principle of proportionality, protection of health and life of humans, total bans, precautionary principle, sufficiently rigorous risk assessment doctrine, protection of health and life of animals, prohibition on use, labeling requirements, or protection of the environment. The most relevant and most widely-known cases were chosen and analyzed in order to present the approach of the CJEU to the disputable measures and their justifications. / Šis baigiamasis magistro darbas suteikia skaitytojui bendrą, visaapimančią ir išsamią ESTT jurisdikcijos apžvalgą dėl importo ir eksporto prekių ribojimo pagrįstumo sąlygų žmonių, gyvūnų ar augalų sveikatos bei gyvybės apsaugos tikslais pagal SESV 36 straipsnį, remiantis pirminiais bei antriniais Europos Sąjungos teisės aktais. Pirmojoje dalyje kalbama apie laisvo prekių judėjimo esmę. Čia paaiškinama importo ir eksporto muitų bei lygiaverčio poveikio mokėjimų bei kiekybinių importo ir eksporto apribojimų bei lygiaverčio poveikio priemonių draudimo koncepcija. Taip pat, ši dalis pademonstruoja SESV 36 str. veikimą, pabrėžiant privalomuosius reikalavimus bei jų tikslus. Antrojoje dalis paaiškina prekių sampratą remiantis Europos Sąjungos teise,pateikia pavyzdžių bei deramą apibrėžimą. Trečiojoje dalyje pateiktas baigiamojo magistro darbo pagrindas. Ši dalis yra suskirstyta į daugiau kaip 10 dalių. Čia yra sutelkti paaiškinimai dėl proporcingumo principo, žmonių sveikatos ir gyvybės apsaugos, visiško draudimo, atsargumo principo, pakankamai griežtos rizikos vertinimo doktrinos, gyvūnų sveikatos ir gyvybės apsaugos, naudojimo draudimo, ženklinimo reikalavimų bei aplinkos apsaugos. Siekiant pristatyti ESTT požiūrį į abejotinas priemones bei ribojimo pagrįstumo sąlygas yra analizuojamios aktualiausios ir plačiausiai žinomos bylos. Law Free movement of goods Protection of health and life of humans Animals or plants Laisvas prekių judėjimas Žmonių SESV 36 str. ir aplinkos apsauga
177	Impacto de las importaciones de petróleo en el marco del proceso de integración del Perú con la Comunidad Andina de Naciones durante los años 2000 al 2010 Fernandez Maldonado Tincopa, Valeria, Reyes Sánchez, Melissa Geraldy 01 July 2020 (has links) El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las importaciones de petróleo en el marco del proceso de integración del Perú con la Comunidad Andina de Naciones durante el periodo 2000 - 2010. A lo largo del proceso, se identificó plantear como objetivos conocer el impacto del comercio multilateral entre Perú y la CAN enfocado en las importaciones de petróleo; así como la influencia de las barreras arancelarias y para arancelarias como: las medidas de defensa comercial y los obstáculos técnicos. La metodología utilizada para esta investigación fue de diseño mixto a través del modelo gravitacional. Para el proceso de recolección de información primaria se empleó la búsqueda de antecedentes epistemológicos, bases teóricas y el uso de documentos que contuvieran información estadística. Además, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a empresas relacionadas al sector petrolero, al organismo de integración económica (CAN), así como también, entrevistas a expertos en comercio y economía. Por otro lado, para procesar la información se utilizó el software Atlas.ti® y Stata 13 bajo la técnica de triangulación de datos, contrastando los antecedentes, la información del marco teórico, el resultado de las entrevistas y el análisis estadístico de las variables de la investigación. Luego de realizar el desarrollo de la investigación se concluyó que la variable que presenta alta influencia sobre las importaciones de petróleo desde la CAN son las barreras arancelarias. El resultado del estudio tiene como fin contribuir a futuras investigaciones, ya sea desde la misma u otra perspectiva. / The objective of this research work is to analyze oil imports in the framework of the integration process of Peru with the Andean Community of Nations during the period 2000 - 2010. Throughout the process, it was identified to propose as objectives to know the impact of the multilateral trade between Peru and the CAN focused on oil imports; as well as the influence of tariff and tariff barriers such as: trade defense measures and technical obstacles. The methodology used for this research was of mixed design through the gravitational model. For the process of collecting primary information, the search for epistemological antecedents, theoretical bases, and the use of documents that contained statistical information were used. In addition, semi-structured interviews are conducted with companies related to the oil sector, the economic integration body (CAN), as well as interviews with experts in trade and economy. On the other hand, to process the information, the Atlas.ti® and Stata 13 software will be seen under the technique of data triangulation, contrasting the background, the information of the theoretical framework, the result of the interviews and the statistical analysis of the variables of the research After carrying out the research, it was concluded that the variable that has a high influence on oil imports from the CAN is the tariff barriers. The result of the study is intended to contribute to future research, either from the same or another perspective. / Tesis Importación de petróleo Barreras arancelarias Comunidad andina de naciones Subsidios a los combustibles Integración económica Obstáculos técnicos al comercio Oil imports Tariff barriers Andean community of nations Fuel subsidies Economic integration Technical barriers to trade
178	Les pays en développement et la brevetabilité des médicaments en matière de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA : étude de droit comparé sur les controverses actuelles concernant le rôle des brevets pharmaceutiques dans l'accès aux médicaments de traitement du VIH/SIDA des pays en voie de développement / Developing countries and patentability of drugs in the fight against HIV/AIDS : comparative law study on the current controversy about the role of pharmaceutical patents in the access to drugs for HIV/AIDS in developing countries Loum-Neeser, N'deye fatou 25 September 2012 (has links) Dans les pays en développement (PED), les problèmes engendrés par le VIH/SIDA et l’inaccessibilité des antirétroviraux (ARV) s’avèrent être la cause de ravages extrêmement préoccupants à tous les niveaux (démographique, politique, social et économique). Dans le cadre de l’Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), et notamment de l’Accord sur les aspects des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (« Accord sur les ADPIC »), un nombre croissant de PED ont ou sont en train d’intégrer un standard international de protection des brevets de produits et de procédés pharmaceutiques à leur législation nationale. Cette intégration a eu et continue de jouer un rôle majeur dans la problématique de l’accès aux médicaments dans les PED. Les conditions et les effets du régime de protection des innovations suscitent de vifs débats entre les partisans d’une protection accrue des brevets et les défenseurs de l’accès aux médicaments essentiels. Une des principales motivations de notre travail de recherche est de fournir une étude permettant de trouver des solutions à la fois favorables à l’amélioration de l’accès aux médicaments et à la préservation de l’innovation. Le problème complexe de l’accès aux médicaments ARV dans les PED est influencé par la pluridisciplinarité et l’interdépendance de nombreux facteurs. Le système des brevets ne constitue pas « l’unique » solution au problème. Toutefois, il doit être plus sérieusement considéré dans sa fonction d’équilibrage entre l’intérêt privé et l’intérêt collectif. C’est un outil juridique précieux pour le développement économique et technologique des PED et la réalisation de l’intérêt commun contre la pandémie. / In developing countries, problems brought about by HIV/AIDS and inaccessibility of antiretrovirals (ARVs) are proving to be the cause of serious damages at all levels (demographic, political, social and economic). Within the context of the World Trade Organization, and in particular the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (“TRIPS Agreement”), a growing number of developing countries have integrated or are in the process of integrating into their national law an international standard of patent protection for pharmaceutical products and processes. Such integration continues to play a major role in the issue of access to medicines in developing countries. The conditions and effects of the protection regime respecting innovations give rise to heated debates between supporters of an increased patent protection and defenders of the access to essential medicines. One of the main motivations for our research is to provide a study that helps to find solutions that are both in favour of improving access to medicines and protecting innovation. The complex problem of access to ARV drugs in developing countries is influenced by the multidisciplinarity and interdependence of many factors. The patent system does not solve the problem on its own. However, it should be seriously considered in its function of balancing the private and collective interests. It is a valuable legal tool for the economic and technological development of the developing countries and to achieve the common interest against the pandemic. Brevets pharmaceutiques Pandémie VIH/SIDA Accès aux médicaments ARV Droit des brevets Pays en développement OMC Accord sur les ADPIC Accords internationaux OMS Médicaments génériques Santé publique Enjeux juridiques et commerciaux Enjeux éthiques Compagnies pharmaceutiques Statégies Licences obligatoires Importations parallèles Partenariats public-privé Pharmaceutical Patents Pandemic HIV/AIDS Access to Medicines ARVs Patent law Developing Countries WTO TRIPS Agreement International Agreements WHO Generic Drugs Public Health Legal and Business Issues Ethical Issues Pharmaceutical Companies Strategies Compulsory licensing Parallel Imports Public-Private Partnerships 340 615.1 616.97

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