<p>Social theory by Goffman in the 60’s can still be applied to our society, especially to the new social form of Facebook. ”What precautions do Facebook members take when they publish content (text, photos, video) to avoid problems caused by the collapse of different social arenas? What do they think of their own self-presentation on the social website?” Data was collected trough an online survey, available for my Facebook friends in April-May 2010, and personal interviews with seven of the respondents. The results show that 126/128 respondents state they are their “true self” in their daily life, and not Facebook. Simultaneously, 75 respondents claim they have never had problems being themselves on Facebook. 65 people don’t recognize the presentation of people they know on Facebook, but 124 people say they have never received comments stating this. The norms and rules of social interaction on this social site are not yet set, and Facebook members respond to this by strict control of what they publish. It is evident that Facebook members enjoy peeking behind the self-presentation of people they know. Further research could show that this is one of the reasons why Facebook is so popular.</p> / <p>Goffmans sosialteori fra 60-tallet kan fortsatt appliseres på vårt samfunn, spesielt på den nye sosiale formen; Facebook. ”Hvilke forhåndsregler tar Facebooks medlemmer når de publiserer innhold (tekst, bilder, video) for å unngå problemer som følge av sammenslåingen av ulike sosiale arenaer? Hva tenker de om sin egen selvpresentasjon på det sosiale nettstedet?” Data ble samlet inn gjennom en webbasert spørreundersøkelse, tilgjengelig for mine Facebook venner i April-Mai 2010, og personlige intervjuer med seks av respondentene. Resultatene viser at 126/128 respondenter påstår at de er sitt ”sanne selv” i dagliglivet, og ikke på Facebook. Samtidig uttaler 75 respondenter at de aldri har hatt problemer med å være seg selv på Facebook. 65 personer kjenner ikke igjen presentasjonen av personer de kjenner på Facebook, men 124 personer sier de aldri selv har mottatt kommentarer som tilsier dette. Normene og reglene for sosial interaksjon på denne sosiale nettsiden er ikke satt enda, og Facebooks medlemmer reagerer med å ha streng kontroll over det de publiserer. Det er tydelig at Facebooks medlemmer nyter å kikke bak selvpresentasjonen til personer de kjenner. Framtidig forskning kan vise om dette er en av grunnene til at Facebook er så populært.</p>

Social theory by Goffman in the 60’s can still be applied to our society, especially to the new social form of Facebook. ”What precautions do Facebook members take when they publish content (text, photos, video) to avoid problems caused by the collapse of different social arenas? What do they think of their own self-presentation on the social website?” Data was collected trough an online survey, available for my Facebook friends in April-May 2010, and personal interviews with seven of the respondents. The results show that 126/128 respondents state they are their “true self” in their daily life, and not Facebook. Simultaneously, 75 respondents claim they have never had problems being themselves on Facebook. 65 people don’t recognize the presentation of people they know on Facebook, but 124 people say they have never received comments stating this. The norms and rules of social interaction on this social site are not yet set, and Facebook members respond to this by strict control of what they publish. It is evident that Facebook members enjoy peeking behind the self-presentation of people they know. Further research could show that this is one of the reasons why Facebook is so popular. / Goffmans sosialteori fra 60-tallet kan fortsatt appliseres på vårt samfunn, spesielt på den nye sosiale formen; Facebook. ”Hvilke forhåndsregler tar Facebooks medlemmer når de publiserer innhold (tekst, bilder, video) for å unngå problemer som følge av sammenslåingen av ulike sosiale arenaer? Hva tenker de om sin egen selvpresentasjon på det sosiale nettstedet?” Data ble samlet inn gjennom en webbasert spørreundersøkelse, tilgjengelig for mine Facebook venner i April-Mai 2010, og personlige intervjuer med seks av respondentene. Resultatene viser at 126/128 respondenter påstår at de er sitt ”sanne selv” i dagliglivet, og ikke på Facebook. Samtidig uttaler 75 respondenter at de aldri har hatt problemer med å være seg selv på Facebook. 65 personer kjenner ikke igjen presentasjonen av personer de kjenner på Facebook, men 124 personer sier de aldri selv har mottatt kommentarer som tilsier dette. Normene og reglene for sosial interaksjon på denne sosiale nettsiden er ikke satt enda, og Facebooks medlemmer reagerer med å ha streng kontroll over det de publiserer. Det er tydelig at Facebooks medlemmer nyter å kikke bak selvpresentasjonen til personer de kjenner. Framtidig forskning kan vise om dette er en av grunnene til at Facebook er så populært.

Texten i årsredovisningen är relativt oreglerad och utgör en möjlighet för företag att påverka investerarnas uppfattning om företaget genom ett narrativ som gynnar företagets mål och syften. Impression management och pollyannaeffekten används för att förklara varför företag tenderar att vara optimistiska kring sina prestationer och vill framställa sig på ett fördelaktigt sätt. Tidigare forskning inom impression management studerar generellt ägare som en homogen grupp. Studien kompletterar tidigare forskning inom impression management genom att undersöka familjeägandets påverkan på förekomsten av impression management. Familjeägare har starkare incitament att säkerställa att ledningen agerar i deras intresse baserat på deras unika karaktärsdrag i jämförelse med andra ägare, vilket minskar informationsasymmetrin mellan ledningen och ägare. Impression management undersöks genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av företagens VD-ord som undersöker framtoning, betoning och prestationsjämförelse. En undersökning av 100 slumpmässigt utvalda svenska börsnoterade företags VD-ord visar att samtliga företag presenterar övervägande positiv information. Studien visar även att familjeägda företag är mindre benägna att använda sig av impression management i jämförelse med icke-familjeägda företag. / The text in the annual report is relatively unregulated and constitutes an opportunity for firms to influence investors' perceptions of the company through a narrative that benefits the firm's objectives. Impression management and the Pollyanna effect are used to explain why firms tend to be optimistic about their performance and why they wish to present themselves in a self-serving way. Owners have in previous research on Impression management been treated as a homogenous group. This study complements previous Impression management research by examining the impact of family ownership on the prevalence of Impression management. Family owners have, in comparison to other owners, stronger incentives to ensure that managers act in the interest of the family based on the unique characteristics of family ownership, which reduces the information asymmetry between the management and family owner. Impression management is examined through a quantitative content analysis of companies' CEO letters. In specific, the content analysis examines the tone, emphasis and performance comparisons. The findings of 100 randomly selected Swedish public listed firms' CEO letters show that all firms communicate mainly positive information. The findings also show that firms owned by families are less prone to use impression management in comparison to non-family firms. This study is written in Swedish.

Why do librarians struggle so much with instruction? Part of the problem is that we have so many facets to consider: pedagogy, campus culture, relationships with faculty, and effectiveness with students. Research on student and faculty perceptions of librarians combined with sociological and psychological research on the magnitude of impression effects prompted us to more thoroughly examine how perceptions of instruction librarians impact successful teaching and learning. In this article, we look at theories of impression formation, the historical feminization of librarianship, and suggestions for next steps that we should take in order to take charge of our image and our instruction.

I det samhälle vi idag lever i ses offentlighet som statussymbol och värdemätare vilket gjort att människor, för att lyckas, måste skapa personliga varumärken. Internet har förenklat skapandet och spridandet av dessa personliga varumärken eftersom det på sociala medier finns verktyg att använda för att skapa en publik personlighet. Den här uppsatsen handlar om hur skapandet av den publika personligheten gett upphov till ett nytt slags kändisskap med primärt fokus på det kändisskap som är sprunget ur arbetet med personliga YouTube-kanaler och marknadsföring i sociala medier. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka det kändisskap som kan uppstå genom användandet av personliga YouTube-kanaler utifrån tre frågeställningar vilka är vad karakteriserar YouTube-kändisskapet, hur framställer YouTubers sig själva samt hur ser relationen mellan YouTuber och följare ut. Genom observationer av två av Sveriges största YouTube-kanaler kan denna studie visa hur YouTube-profilerna skapat en publik personlighet för andra att konsumera och hur de använder sig av intrycksstyrning och självpresentation för att lyckas med det. Det visar sig också att den publika personligheten ska vara en äkta och autentisk bild av deras vanliga jag. YouTubers använder sig av intrycksstyrning för att uppfattas som vanliga människor som utan ansträngning fått en stor publik men i studien framgår också hur medveten marknadsföring är en del av kändisskapet. Vidare kan studien också visa hur YouTuberns relation till sina följare är viktig för kändisskapet i stort eftersom den utgör kändisskapets vara eller icke-vara. Slutligen har studien kunnat beskriva hur YouTubers genom sitt kändisskap uppnått unika livsmöjligheter tack vare sin offentlighet.

In order to be hired, an applicant is expected to possess and live up to a variety of requirements. Though competences such as previous work experience and levels of studies are easily presented and measurable, this presumably may not be the case of more inexplicit information such as people's personalities and attitudes. The purpose of this study is to understand how recruiters value and determine personalities of candidates applying for executive positions. Furthermore it seeks to examine how recruiters handle potential challenges with trying to determine these personalities. Addressing these questions, we integrate semi-structured interviews with recruiters and an analysis of 100 job advertisements for executive positions. The interviews were performed with 6 highly qualified recruiters possessing substantial experience in recruitment regarding executive positions. Found was that recruiters do not seek to determine personalities, but rather personality traits relevant to the job position in question. These personality traits were something that recruiters argued being taken highly in to consideration when determining who to hire. In order to determine these traits, recruiters proposed several methods. Usually, a personality test filled by the applicant set the tone for the rest of the recruitment process. The recruiters alleged that the result of the test formed behaviour related questions during the job-interview regarding the personality traits of interest. Another method used, which had a clash of believed validity, was the estimation of applicants personality traits by looking at their behaviour during the actual interview. The challenges with trying to determine these personality traits proved to be 1) Misunderstandings between applicants and recruiters 2) Differences in applicants love of ease and skill regarding the job interview as a format 3) Candidates telling outright lies. In order to avoid misunderstandings recruiters asked candidates to give examples from real life experiences. To handle the risk of candidates being skillful in doing interviews a trial of employment was used so that the recruiter had a chance to evaluate the candidate in its executive position. The risk of applicants telling lies was resolved by either a) Trying to explain as little as possible regarding the job, so that the applicant would not be able to form their answers b) By asking follow up questions regarding the personality traits of interest without revealing what was looked for.

O crescente número de empresas brasileiras que preparam e divulgam voluntariamente relatórios de sustentabilidade, bem como as motivações propostas pela Teoria da Legitimidade para a adoção dessa prática, causam questionamentos a respeito da idoneidade da informação oferecida. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho investigou se os gráficos apresentados nos relatórios de sustentabilidade publicados por cinquenta empresas brasileiras de capital aberto foram utilizados como ferramentas para o gerenciamento de impressões, sendo manipulados de forma a melhorar a apresentação do desempenho obtido por essas organizações e auxiliar em seus processos de legitimação. A amostra final compreendeu 3.422 informações gráficas e as análises realizadas abrangeram duas formas de gerenciamento de impressões por meio do uso de gráficos abordadas na literatura: a seletividade e a distorção de medidas. Os resultados encontrados, embora explicativos, não forneceram evidências seguras de que os gráficos identificados foram empregados como ferramentas para o gerenciamento de impressão. Apesar da predominância da utilização de gráficos para a representação de notícias positivas e das distorções de medidas físicas identificadas, as evidências conduzem com maior segurança para a interpretação de que tais resultados decorrem de um despreparo e/ou desatenção dos responsáveis pela elaboração dos relatórios de sustentabilidade. / The growing number of Brazilian companies that voluntarily prepare and disclose sustainability reports, and the reasons proposed by the Legitimacy Theory for the adoption of this practice, lead to questions about the trustworthiness of the information offered. Thus, the present study investigated whether the graphs in sustainability reports published by fifty publicly traded Brazilian companies were used as tools for managing impressions, being manipulated in order to improve the presentation of the performance achieved by these organizations and assist in process of legitimation. The final sample consisted of 3,422 raphical information and the analyzes encompassed two forms of impression management through the use of graphs addressed in the literature: selectivity and measures distortion. The results, although explanatory, did not provide good evidence that the identified graphs were used as tools for managing print. Despite the prevalence of the use of graphs to represent positive news and distortions of physical measurement distortions identified, the evidence leads to more safely to the interpretation that such results derive from of a lack of both preparation and/or attention of those responsible for the preparation of sustainability reports.

Med Internet kom de sociala medierna, vilka har fått en stor betydelse för människans sociala interaktion. Här ges utrymme att inte bara läsa och sprida information, utan också dela och skapa innehåll tillsammans med andra. Människans förhållande till kommunikation har således förändrats och de sociala medierna öppnar för möjligheten att i större utsträckning påverka hur vi gestaltar oss själva och framhäver vår identitet, något som i modern tid blir allt viktigare då individer måste särskilja sig från mängden för att lyckas sälja in sitt personliga varumärke. Studien ämnar att med ett kvalitativt angreppssätt utreda hur det personliga varumärket påverkas av användandet av det sociala mediet facebook. Hur mycket kryddas personliga framställningar för att verka mer spännande och är framställningen en spegelbild av verkligheten eller rent av skapandet av ett bättre jag? Syftet är att undersöka hur ungdomar använder sig av facebook för att utveckla sitt personliga varumärke och analysen kommer vila på fokusgruppsintervjuer där målet är att ta reda på hur de använder sig av språk och bilder för att forma och skapa sin identitet. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av teorierna kritisk diskursanalys, socialkonstruktionism och begreppet ideologi och analyserna utgår mycket ifrån de två stora forskarna Anthony Giddens och Erving Goffman. Studien visar att identitetsskapande är en ständigt pågående process som speglas av verklighetens föreställningar och normer. Identitetsyrkanden bland unga på facebook är en ständigt pågående konstruktionsprocess som påverkas av omvärlden likt det socialkonstruktionistiska synsättet på livets gång och individens medierade roll kan därför ses som individens verkliga jag - ett jag individen skulle vilja vara. Det tycks finnas samma oskrivna lagar och normer i den medierade som i den fysiska verkligheten kring vad som är ett accepterat beteende, varför den sociala verkligheten "online" sammanfattningsvis inte tycks skilja sig så mycket från den sociala verkligheten "offline".

The doctoral thesis studied the behaviour of scientists on Internet profiles. The scientific community is founded on communication. The advance of research, the evaluation of research results, the reputation of individual scientists - all rest on constant interaction among the community members. The Internet, as a flexible channel for world-wide communication, has a considerable potential for the scientific community. Besides often discussed consequences for scientific publishing, the Internet also offers new opportunities for self-presentation of scientists. In this thesis, the online presence of scientists was studied with a 'positive lens', concentrating on how the Internet can be used to enhance scientists' individual self-presentation. The doctoral thesis consists of five essays: an overview and four essays documenting separate research projects. The research was founded on the radical constructivist understanding of reality. It was classified as connected to three areas: research on science communication, research on digital identity, and research on generation of online content. Viewing the existing literature in these areas, three focal points were identified, which informed and guided the formulation of research aims and the implementation of research projects: focus on Internet self-presentation, assumption of strategic importance, and need for a holistic view. The aims of the thesis were (A) to develop a holistic understanding of scientists' Internet presence, (B) to study behavioural patterns on scientists' Internet profiles, and (C) to develop an instrument to support the development and management of scientists' Internet self-presentation. Based on these aims, four research projects were carried out. Each project pursued own research questions or objectives using suitable methods, yet all contributed to the overall aims of the thesis. Thus the thesis presents conceptual, empirical, and applied findings resulting from a multi-method approach and contributing both to research on Internet self-presentation as well as to practice in the management of online presence.

This thesis examines the influence of job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and perceptions of organizational justice on organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) of private primary school teachers in Ankara. Previous research has shown that these three variables are significantly correlated with OCB. The effect of these three variables on OCB are studied collectively in the education sector. The study of the effects of the three variables on OCB are rare in Turkey, especially in the education sector which experienced dramatic changes in 2005-2006 education year due to the initiation of a new curriculum at the primary education. The new curriculum is student centered and has changed the methods of teaching drastically. Therefore the role of the teacher has to be changed. OCB is especially important in the times of change and may help to adapt to a changing environment especially facing tough competition. Among the three antecedent variables, organizational commitment and perceived procedural justice are found to account for a significant amount of variance in OCBs of private primary school teachers in our sample. The findings are discussed and future research needs are reviewed especially from the perspective of impression management.