Eine wichtige Folge des Status epilepticus ist die Entwicklung einer chronischen Epilepsie. Die genauen Mechanismen und die Kinetik der Epileptogenese sind weitestgehend unklar. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war ein besseres Verständnis des Prozesses durch die In-vitro-Analyse von Lokalisation und Kinetik funktioneller Folgen des Status epilepticus in vivo. In kombinierten Hippokampus-entorhinaler Kortex Hirnschnittpräparaten von Wistar-Ratten nach elektrisch induziertem selbsterhaltendem Status epilepticus (self-sustaining status epilepticus, SSSE) wurden im Niedrig-Magnesium-Modell anfallsartige Ereignisse (AE) ausgelöst und untersucht. Die In-vitro-Analyse der AE wurde eine, vier und acht Wochen nach SSSE durchgeführt. Um das räumliche Verhalten der epileptischen Aktivität beurteilen zu können, wurde die Messung des extrazellulären Feldpotenzials mit der Analyse intrinsischer optischer Signale kombiniert. Im Verlauf nach SSSE kam es zu einer Latenzverkürzung bis zum Auftreten epileptischer Aktivität und zu einer Zunahme der AE-Frequenz. Vier und acht Wochen nach SSSE stieg der Anteil der AE mit großflächigem Ursprung signifikant an. Im Verlauf nach SSSE wurden außerdem zunehmend diskontinuierliche Ausbreitungsmuster der Anfallsaktivität beobachtet. Acht Wochen nach SSSE zeigten 50% der Präparate zudem eine zeitlich und räumlich von den AE unabhängige, hochfrequente Aktivität im Gyrus dentatus. Zusammenfassend wurden eine Latenzverkürzung und eine Zunahme der AE-Frequenz als Hinweise für eine gesteigerte Exzitabilität des Hirngewebes nach SSSE gesehen. Neben dem großflächigen Ursprung deutet auch die Zunahme diskontinuierlicher Ausbreitungsmuster auf eine gesteigerte Synchronizität des neuronalen Netzwerkes nach SSSE hin. Die autonome Aktivität im Gyrus dentatus spricht dafür, dass die in vorangegangenen Studien beschriebenen strukturellen Änderungen in dieser Region mit einer veränderten Funktionalität einhergehen. / The development of chronic epilepsy is a serious consequence of Status epilepticus. Little is known about the mechanisms and kinetic of the epileptogenic process. The aim of this md-thesis was the analysis of localisation and kinetic of functional deficits in vitro after Status epilepticus in vivo. Using the Low-Magnesium-Model, seizure-like events (SLE) were induced in combined hippocampal-entorhinal cortex slices of wistar rats after electrically induced self-sustaining Status epilepticus (SSSE). One, four and eight weeks after SSSE the in-vitro-analysis of SLE was performed. In order to determine onset and spread-pattern of epileptic activity, the measurement of the extracellular field-potential was combined with the imaging of intrinsic optical signals (IOS). In the time course after SSSE there was a reduction of the latency to onset of seizure activity and an increase of the SLE-frequency. Four and eight weeks after SSSE a significant increase of SLE with regional onset was found. In Addition, there was an increase of non-contiguous propagation of seizure activity. Eight weeks after SSSE 50% of the brain-slices showed autonomous high-frequent activity in the dentate gyrus. In conclusion a reduction of the latency to onset of seizure activity and an increase of the SLE-frequency were found. These changes are indicators of increased excitability after SSSE. Other than the regional onset, the non-contiguous spread-pattern also indicates increased synchronicity of the neuronal network after SSSE. The autonomous activity in the dentate Gyrus shows, that the previously described structural changes in this region lead to functional deficits.

從民國87年所通過的強制汽車責任保險，可發現我國強制汽車責任險的理賠上限與承保範圍等有了重大的改變，造成汽車任意責任險的計算費率必須要重新估算，然而國內對此方面的文獻探討卻著墨不多，因此學生將會針對任意汽車體傷責任險費率釐算詳細加以探討。 而若要重新估計任意汽車責任險首先要做的工作就是要收集完整正確的損失資料，不過由於損失資料的收集相當困難，因此只能透過模擬的損失資料進行任意責任險的費率釐算。而在有模擬的損失資料情況下我們就可透過損失分佈理論進行下列的分析： (1)透過損失資料的特性推估任意汽車責任險可能之損失分佈為Lognormal 分佈。 (2)透過最大概似估計法與特殊法推估Lognormal分佈之參數，並且採用負對數蓋似函數選擇最佳之估計參數。 (3)透過與強制汽車責任險預期損失與汽車任意體傷責任險預期損失之比例關係，釐算汽車任意體傷責任險之純保費。 (4)建立兩種損失趨勢函數，並透過此兩趨勢函數計算汽車任意體傷責任險之高保額係數。 (5)透過上述步驟之計算結果與現行實施之汽車任意體傷責任險費率作比較，以探討是否現行費率是否有超收或不足的現象。 總之，希望此篇論文能夠對未來的汽車任意責任險之費率釐算與保險司費率監督有所幫助。 / Cause the Legislation Yuan passed the compulsory auto liability insurance bill in 1998, we must have a new actuarial pricing of voluntary auto third party insurance. However, all domestic insurers haven’t revised the rate because the absence of the empirical loss data. In addition, only a fewer researches have focused on the actuarial model of this type of insurance. In this paper, we will investigate the pure premium calculation of the voluntary auto insurance, and outline the appropriate model construction procedures. The data we use are not empirical loss data, we calculate the pure premium by the simulated data. The procedures of this study are summarized in the following: (1) Find the possible loss distribution of voluntary auto third party insurance policy. (2) Estimate the parameters of the loss distribution by the maximum likelihood estimate method and the special method of lognormal distribution. (3) Calculation the pure premium of voluntary auto third party insurance. (4) Calculation the increased limits factor(ILF)by two trend functions, and compare the results of two trend functions. (5) Finally, we examine the gross premiums of the voluntary auto third party insurance and compare our results with the actual voluntary auto liability insurance premiums. Altogether, we hope that this paper could be beneficial to the actuaries and also provide suggestions for the government surveillance.

All companies have strategic assets comprising financial capital, physical capital, human capital and organisational capital which, when effectively utilised, contribute to the competitive advantage necessary to survive in a globalised economy. The manifestation of adverse factors in a company will impact detrimentally on the performance of these strategic assets. Since the 1980s, one factor has become prominent in the management of a company’s human capital, namely sexual harassment. Sexual harassment constitutes behaviour of a sexual nature that leads to, and perpetuates, a working environment in which it becomes unpleasant to work, and if allowed to go unchecked, will lead to the underperformance of the company’s human capital. Besides the cost of litigation associated with sexual harassment, companies are confronted with the more troubling and subtle costs arising out of the psychological and physiological harm to both victims and co-workers. The psychological and physiological effects manifest themselves in symptoms such as depression, frustration, decreased self-esteem and fatigue which, in turn, lead to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism. Accordingly, in an effort to gain the competitive advantage to survive in a globalised economy, companies must manage the phenomenon of sexual harassment in the workplace. The existing theoretical principles relating to the management of sexual harassment in the workplace have been analysed in depth and a model developed to satisfy this need. This model was subsequently used to determine to what extent sexual harassment management is taking place within companies affiliated to the Steel and Engineering Industries Federation of South Africa (SEIFSA). Various informative findings resulted from the investigation, amongst which were the lack of a proper sexual harassment policy within companies, the lack of proper training of employees regarding the occurrence of this phenomenon in the workplace, and the absence of proper formal/informal complaints procedures. It thus became evident that the management of sexual harassment in these companies – despite the Government’s Code of Good Practice on the Handling of Sexual Harassment Cases – had not been fully established and that there is a need for guidelines in this regard. / Business Management / D. Comm. (Business Management)

Bro is an urban area located in Upplands-Bro municipality, Stockholm County. In 2020, the Stockholm Police conducted a security survey for all municipalities included in the Stockholm police region. The results of the survey for Upplands-Bro municipality show that many residents feel insecure about the risk of being exposed to crime. The residents experience that the feeling of insecurity is at its highest in Bro. The thesis is limited to investigating this in nine public spaces in central Bro. The purpose is to investigate whether previously crime-prone public spaces in built-up environments can evoke experiences of insecurity in people, despite their unawareness that they are old crime scenes. If people experience insecurity, the thesis aims to investigate which crime prevention measures can be applied in the design of public spaces to increase their security experiences there. In the essay, the student is named as the "investigator". The approach to the thesis applies several different methods. A safety survey is the thesis' main method, while a safety walk (method combination) is the secondary one. Initially, site analyzes are used as feasibility studies to carry out several site visits in the nine public spaces. (1) The first site visit is made to get to know the existing conditions of the sites and to create an overall picture. At the same time, the places are photographed in daylight. (2) Site visit no. 2 is made to photograph the sites in the evening darkness. (3) During the third site visit, the investigator conducts a safety walk, where a focus group of eight members (excluding the investigator) consisting of residents in Bro, is invited for interviews in the field. The intention with this is to take part in their experiences if the places feel unsafe and if there is a need for crime prevention measures to achieve increased security. (4) Site visit no. 4 is made to study in detail the spatial properties of the sites on the basis that the focus group has identified “insecurity problems” that are most in need of crime prevention measures for increased security. The crime prevention measures in the thesis include: (1) increased care of the outdoor environment, cutting shrubs and trees, (2) repairing broken materials, repainting, (3) removal of damage, graffiti and debris, (4) increased lighting, (5) to open up the site, remove dark spaces/hiding places, (6) increase the view of the site from buildings or through direct human supervision, (7) to add electrical safety systems such as camera surveillance/alarm/gate code or fences around the site. A safety survey is conducted with the intention of reaching out to all residents in the urban area of Bro. The survey mainly asks questions about: (1) how they experience security at the nine sites and (2) whether the sites need to be changed for increased security there, which creates a need for crime prevention measures. The questionnaire is sent out in collaboration with Upplands-Bro municipality's Street / Park / Traffic department and 247 locals answer the questionnaire. However, the response rate does not correspond to all of Bros' urban residents, which the investigator is aware of. To include all residents, the investigator has not requested biological sex or age in all methods. Thus, the investigator has disregarded what a possible distribution of answers between women and men or different age groups can look like. The answers from the safety walk and the survey are analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The method results are made visible in the form of photographs and diagrams with accompanying descriptive text about the results with the highest percentage that are perceived to be most prominent. The results are then visualized in an insecurity map, a form of heat map. The insecurity map is compared with the crime scene map to see if there is a connection between “unsafe places” and “previous crime scenes” in a combined map. In the analysis, the survey results are interpreted through the thesis' theoretical perspective and validated against the outcome of the safety walk. Based on the analysis, the investigator reads out what crime prevention measures residents point out to achieve increased security in the "unsafe places". Then the results are discussed and how they fulfill the purpose of the essay and answer the problem formulation and the questions. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future studies are presented.

No description available.

At low doses, relevant to nuclear incidents and accidental releases of radioactivity, the detriment of radiation extends beyond direct effects. This thesis investigates genomic instability, a subclass of non-targeted effects where damage and lethality is transmitted vertically and expressed in the progeny of cells many generations after initial radiation exposure. Through a series of experiments using clonogenic assay of human and fish cell culture, studies described in this thesis describe lethal mutations, hyper radiosensitivity and increased radioresistance – processes involving repair mechanisms that dictate survival in cells exposed to low doses. Further study investigates the difference in the relative biological effect of alpha particle radiation compared to what is expected at high doses. Results demonstrate increased radioresistance in a human cell line while also revealing increased lethality in a fish cell line confirming the need for consideration of dose-dependence as well as variance in behaviors of different cell lines and species. It is hoped the conclusions of this thesis will inspire the creation of protocols with greater attention to the indirect consequences of exposure to radiation at doses relevant to nuclear incidents and accidents. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

關於展延後所增加之費用是否得以索賠，亦影響業主成本支出與承包商利潤，於是關於工期之「時間」與「金錢」兩者，成為工程契約雙方最關心的議題。故從遲延索賠之目的，即可分成工期索賠與費用索賠兩方面探討之。 工期之定義從指涉範圍之廣狹可分為三種層次，本文討論主要之範圍係指狹義的工程期限，即業主與個別承包商於營建工程契約中所約定承包商完成工程所需之時間，日曆天為國際工程慣例選用之工期計算方式。工期之始點，應以契約約定之開工(Commencement of Contract Time)日起算，而完工(Contract Completion)則為工期之終點，如何界定完工對於整體施工契約之重要性，在於判斷承包商是否遵守履約期限。事實上分析是工程是否遲延？可歸責於當事人哪一方？國內外工程實務界之看法，皆認為工程遲延係以用盡浮時而影響「要徑」為要件，故產生以要徑為基礎以判斷工程遲延之方法，此亦突顯要徑法所欲表彰之基本功能。本文認為承包商須先以網狀圖證明「主要徑」之工作受外來因素(即不可歸責於承攬人)之施工障礙影響，則定作人才應展延工期，亦才有後續展延期間增加費用索賠之問題。 阻擾(Disruption)事件之產生，承包商有時同樣會遭受延後整體工程進度而可能逾期完工，或支出比預定計畫更多額外費用，以趕上原本進度之損害。阻擾之定義，依據英國SCL議定書第1.19.1條規定，為對於承包商正常工作之打擾、阻礙及干擾，導致較低之工率。如阻擾為業主所引起，可能會給予承包商依據契約或依據違約條款請求賠償之權利。但應特別區分者，乃阻擾與遲延仍為不同概念，遲延為延後完工，而阻擾則著重於生產力下降( Productivity Loss)及對於進度之打擾、阻礙、干擾，因此發生阻擾事件，僅「可能」發生逾期完工但並非絕對延後工期。故阻擾損害方面，與遲延損害相同，承包商必須證明阻擾可歸責於業主，且因業主阻擾承包商施工，導致其工率降低受有損害，但阻擾不限於要徑工作之干擾，縱使對非要徑工作之干擾亦得請求賠償損害，所以無須審視是否具備逾期完工之事實。因此當僅有阻擾事件發生卻未影響完工日時，承包商不會主張工作工期展延，但必定向業主請求可歸責於業主之阻擾造成工作效率降低( Reduced Efficiency of Workforce)之損失。 於遲延事件中，僅有不可歸責並可補償承攬人之遲延(Excusable and Compensable Delays)，承包商一方面得請求展延工期，一方面得請求補償展延期間增加之費用。費用方面，因非可歸責於承包商之事由導致工程遲延，而業主指示承包商投入更多資源以提早完工，則屬於英美工程界所謂Acceleration(以下簡稱加速施工)之情況，此時業主亦應負擔補償承包商因加速施工產生之費用。於聯邦工程採購實務中，大部份涉及擬制加速施工之案例，皆為發生不可歸責且可補償承攬人遲延之情形，例如：實際為不可歸責於承攬人之遲延，定作人誤以為係可歸責於承攬人，而促使承攬人趕工以符合原定契約完工期限等情況。依據可歸責於哪一方之遲延來處理加速施工問題時，應掌握不可歸責於承攬人遲延之加速施工，原則上皆應支付額外費用，反之，若定作人就不可歸責於承攬人之遲延，已經准許展延足夠之工期，則不須支付加速施工之費用。至於得以展延多少時間，應以遲延分析技術判斷之，例如英國SCL議定書中介紹四種屬完工後處理展延工期問題之遲延分析技術，包括以下：1.The as-planned versus as-built method比較原規畫時程與竣工時程遲延分析法；2.The impacted as-planned method(What if analysis)原規劃時程影響後分析技術 ；3.The collapsed as-built method(But for as built analysis)重疊竣工時程分析技術； 4.The Protocol’s own TIA method(Retrospective TIA)英國SCL議定書之回復式時間影響分析法。 遲延事件造成工期展延，而工期展延通常亦產生額外之增加費用(Increased Cost)。惟業主准許展延工期之主張，不必然表示承包商即得請求展延期間相關費用。若遲延可歸責於承包商，則承包商顯然必須自行承擔遲延之相關費用；若為可歸責於業主之遲延事件，相關之補償即包含承包商於展延期間所動用與時間相關之資源(Time-related Resources)。惟工程實務上承包商於證明工期展延期間所增加之費用及所受損害時，常因為工期時間過久、各種紀錄成本與保管費用等錯綜複雜因素，對於損害數額無法達到嚴格證明之舉證程度，能夠確實提出每筆支出費用單據之紀錄者較少見，特別是當承包商請求「一式計價」之項目時更遭遇此種難題。如果無法證明費用的支出，則整個索賠都付諸流水，在很多案例中，承包商雖然成功證明遲延為可補償的，卻因提出不適當證明使最後獲得之補償較索賠預期額度減少許多，例如：實務對於工率降低(Efficiency Loss)損害之計算與證明，目前仍無統一見解，因工率難以數量化，縱使承包商以其工地記錄資料提出某工率降低係數，工程師亦針對監控報表提出另一個係數，而兩者皆無法說明哪一個數據之可信度較高，且縱使雙方合意以某一工率降低系數為標準，則雙方對於哪一部份為可歸責於己之責任劃分意見也不同，此亦牽涉舉證責任問題。 傳統訴訟需耗費大量金錢時間，或有部分以新興之非對抗式「替代性紛爭解決機制」( Alternative Dispute Resolution, 以下簡稱ADR)，例如仲裁 (Arbitration)， 調解(Mediation)，調停(Conciliation)， 調仲 (Med-Arb).，迷你審 (Mini Trial)等，以輔助傳統紛爭解決手段之不足。現行工程契約中，雙方通常事先約定將來發生工程爭議之解決方法，例如前開仲裁、調解等；而公共工程案件，若機關與廠商因履約爭議未能達成協議者，依據政府採購法第85條之1規定，亦強制不接受調解建議或方案之機關，若日後廠商提付仲裁，其不得拒絕之方式，來促成先行階段 ，即「調解」階段中調解成立之機會，加速爭議之解決。但在一些案例中，仲裁、調解等機制卻依然產生如同傳統訴訟般費用過高、時間較長之相同問題。於雙方無法協商而須透過第三人介入，卻在希望更節省糾紛處理時間，及更貼近雙方各退一步以共同努力解決難題之協商精神之要求下，使另一爭端處理模式：「爭議處理委員會」(Dispute Board)之角色日漸重要。

With the proliferation of 21st century educational technologies, science teaching and learning with digitally acclimatized learners in secondary science education can be realized through an online Science-Technology-Society-Environment (STSE)-based issues approach. STSE-based programs can be interpreted as the exploration of socially-embedded initiatives in science (e.g., use of genetically modified foods) to promote the development of critical cognitive processes and to empower learners with responsible decision-making skills. This dissertation presents a case study examining the online environment of a grade 11 physics class in an all-girls’ school, and the outcomes from those online discursive opportunities with STSE materials. The limited in-class discussion opportunities are often perceived as low-quality discussions in traditional classrooms because they originate from an inadequate introduction and facilitation of socially relevant issues in science programs. Hence, this research suggests that the science curriculum should be inclusive of STSE-based issue discussions. This study also examines the nature of students’ online discourse and, their perceived benefits and challenges of learning about STSE-based issues through an online environment. Analysis of interviews, offline classroom events and online threaded discussion transcripts draws from the theoretical foundations of critical reflective thinking delineated in the Practical Inquiry (P.I.) Model. The PI model of Cognitive Presence is situated within the Community of Inquiry framework,encompassing two other core elements, Teacher Presence and Social Presence. In studying Cognitive Presence, the online STSE-based discourses were examined according to the four phases of the P.I. Model. The online discussions were measured at macro-levels to reveal patterns in student STSE-based discussions and content analysis of threaded discussions. These analyses indicated that 87% of the students participated in higher quality STSE-based discussions via an online forum as compared to in-class. The micro-level analysis revealed students to attain higher cognitive interactions with STSE issues. Sixteen percent of the students’ threaded postings were identified in the Resolution Phase 4 when the teacher intervened with a focused teaching strategy. This research provides a significant theoretical and pedagogical contribution to blended approach to STSE-based secondary science education. It presents a framework for teachers to facilitate students’ online discussions and to support learners in exploring STSE-based topics.

With the proliferation of 21st century educational technologies, science teaching and learning with digitally acclimatized learners in secondary science education can be realized through an online Science-Technology-Society-Environment (STSE)-based issues approach. STSE-based programs can be interpreted as the exploration of socially-embedded initiatives in science (e.g., use of genetically modified foods) to promote the development of critical cognitive processes and to empower learners with responsible decision-making skills. This dissertation presents a case study examining the online environment of a grade 11 physics class in an all-girls’ school, and the outcomes from those online discursive opportunities with STSE materials. The limited in-class discussion opportunities are often perceived as low-quality discussions in traditional classrooms because they originate from an inadequate introduction and facilitation of socially relevant issues in science programs. Hence, this research suggests that the science curriculum should be inclusive of STSE-based issue discussions. This study also examines the nature of students’ online discourse and, their perceived benefits and challenges of learning about STSE-based issues through an online environment. Analysis of interviews, offline classroom events and online threaded discussion transcripts draws from the theoretical foundations of critical reflective thinking delineated in the Practical Inquiry (P.I.) Model. The PI model of Cognitive Presence is situated within the Community of Inquiry framework,encompassing two other core elements, Teacher Presence and Social Presence. In studying Cognitive Presence, the online STSE-based discourses were examined according to the four phases of the P.I. Model. The online discussions were measured at macro-levels to reveal patterns in student STSE-based discussions and content analysis of threaded discussions. These analyses indicated that 87% of the students participated in higher quality STSE-based discussions via an online forum as compared to in-class. The micro-level analysis revealed students to attain higher cognitive interactions with STSE issues. Sixteen percent of the students’ threaded postings were identified in the Resolution Phase 4 when the teacher intervened with a focused teaching strategy. This research provides a significant theoretical and pedagogical contribution to blended approach to STSE-based secondary science education. It presents a framework for teachers to facilitate students’ online discussions and to support learners in exploring STSE-based topics.

A comercialização de produtos florestais não madeireiros (PFNMs) popularizou-se como atividade promotora do desenvolvimento socioeconômico de comunidades florestais com baixo impacto ambiental. Há evidências, contudo, de que a exploração possa produzir efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos negativos, sugerindo que é necessário monitorar tais iniciativas. A comercialização frequentemente ocorre em áreas remotas e em contextos de pobreza, como é o caso de muitas daquelas da Amazônia brasileira. Desta forma, é necessário que o monitoramento restrinja-se a avaliar os efeitos evidenciados como mais comuns em estudos anteriores. Este estudo revisa e sintetiza as evidências científicas dos efeitos da exploração de PFNMs sobre parâmetros ecológicos e socioeconômicos e, a partir daí, indica aqueles mais relevantes ao monitoramento. O estudo também levanta até que ponto o monitoramento é implementado no contexto da Amazônia brasileira e avalia quais os parâmetros importantes e viáveis de monitoramento neste caso específico. Para isso, foram realizadas revisões sistemáticas da literatura e a consulta a profissionais da área através do método Delphi. Os resultados indicam que efeitos ecológicos negativos são frequentes, principalmente quando se coletam folhas ou cascas. Alterações em órgãos ou processos fisiológicos e a taxa de sobrevivência dos espécimes explorados são parâmetros que devem ser monitorados, em particular quando se coletam frutos e partes vegetativas. Para todos os tipos de PFNMs, o tamanho e a estrutura populacional são parâmetros prioritários ao monitoramento. A riqueza de espécies da comunidade explorada merece atenção, principalmente quando se coletam frutos. Para os aspectos socioeconômicos, efeitos positivos foram mais frequentes que negativos. A contribuição da renda monetária obtida com o comércio na renda total, a regularidade de ingresso desta renda e o papel dos PFNMs como recursos de salvaguarda são parâmetros do capital financeiro prioritários ao monitoramento. Para o capital social, o empoderamento feminino, a coesão de grupo e o acesso aos benefícios gerados pela comercialização devem ser monitorados. Na Amazônia brasileira são poucas as iniciativas de implementação do monitoramento da comercialização de PFNMs. Embora este seja considerado importante, existem dificuldades que derivam principalmente da falta de apoio institucional, políticas de incentivo e de recursos financeiros. Os profissionais participantes do Delphi consideram que os parâmetros ecológicos mais importantes a monitorar neste contexto são o tamanho e a estrutura populacional do recurso explorado, o aumento da taxa de mortalidade, a quantidade total de recurso extraída e a técnica de coleta utilizada. Para os parâmetros econômicos, aspectos do mercado, como o preço pago ao coletor, a demanda e a qualidade do produto, bem como a renda monetária obtida pelos indivíduos são os parâmetros considerados mais importantes. Por fim, para os aspectos sociais, os efeitos na cultura, na qualidade de vida e na organização interna da comunidade foram priorizados. Os profissionais indicam que é viável estabelecer o monitoramento dos parâmetros levantados. / Amazon, non-timber forest products, ecological effects, socioeconomic effects, monitoring.