In this essay I’m exploring the novel The Road (2006) by the American author Cormac McCarthy. My main subject of interest is the thematic presence of consumption in general and meat consumption in particular in the text, and how this theme takes on an extreme form in the described and implied acts of cannibalism. Throughout the history of the Western World cannibalistic acts have been most commonly condemned and the cannibal has been, in a wide range of discourses, a cultural symbol of opposition to the idea of – and identification with – the ”civilized (Western) self”. Within the frames of popular culture cannibalism is generally portrayed along these lines as an expression of primitivism, animalistic behavior, depravity and monstrosity. As a reader of The Road, one may classify this story as a part of this tradition in its depiction of cannibalism. However, my goal is to illustrate how the subject can be viewed in a more diverse way, which potentially leads the reader to recognize the cannibal: Not in the form of the Other but as a part of the Self; not as a telling agent of evil times but as a critical mirror image of our own. I do this by shedding light on how cannibalism can be said to connect with other discourses throughout McCarthy’s text: Meat consumption as mentioned earlier is one of them and by following that trail my reasoning also comes to include industrialized meat and cultural consumerism. The conclusion of this essay is that the occurring cannibalism in The Road can be, and in my opinion should be, read as criticism of our contemporary society and its exploitive relationship to animals.

Este trabalho procura estabelecer a relação entre a vida nas grandes cidades do Sudeste brasileiro, notadamente no Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com a prática e a transmissão do saber culinário ao longo do século XX. O momento de formação da classe média brasileira, a oferta de bens de consumo relacionados à modernidade como o fogão a gás, os aparelhos eletrodomésticos e também os alimentos industrializados, somados ao papel atribuído às mulheres na nova ordem social urbana, criaram uma ruptura no modo como as receitas culinárias eram preparadas e transmitidas. Esta ruptura foi seguida de um novo padrão culinário, que por sua vez afetou os valores e a simbologia que permeiam o ato de cozinhar. / This work seeks to establish the relationship between life in the big cities of the Brazilian Southeast, particularly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and the practice as well as the way culinary knowledge was shared during the 20th century. The moment of formation of the Brazilian middle class, the availability of consumer goods related to modernity, e.g. the gas stove, appliances and industrialized foods, combined with the role attributed to women in the new urban social order, created a rupture in the way culinary recipes were prepared and passed down from one generation to another. This rupture was followed by a new culinary pattern, which in turn affected the values and the symbology comprised in the cooking act.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Claine Chiesa.pdf: 847501 bytes, checksum: c93f6dd335549bbb03d6d6874eed53c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / The Tax on Industrialized Products (IPI) is a tax of Union competence, pursuant to art. 153, IV of the Federal Constitution, and it is the subject of study of this work. Whereas such a tax had its origin in the excise tax, we began this study by tracing the historical evolution of this tax in Federal Constitutions, for better understanding its characteristics, and of its materiality, which has varying interpretations. The materiality of the IPI were built from the Constitution which prescribed its impact on industrialized product as well as from the additional provisions of the law, which established three hypotheses incidence, but, considering that the ordinary law instituted only two of them, the work development is confined to the constructions of matrix rules of incidence of importing manufactured goods and industrialization of products for the domestic market. The criteria of the matrix-rules were developed and analyzed, by addressing the criteria of the material, spatial and temporal hypothesis, as well as the consequent quantitative and personal criteria. Through examination of some constitutional principles applied to IPI, its main features were outlined basically by the Executive Branch s ability to alter the rates by means of a Decree, but within the limits established by law, which allows stating the principle of legality. The principle of precedence is applied to the IPI only in relation to the 90-day holding period, not being applied to the same tax year. The principle of non-cumulative tax, which aims to safeguard the right of rebate rate incurred among operations and therefore to make the end product more cheaply, was studied as well as the examination of the taxpayer s right to credit as repercussions of the principle of non-cumulative tax was held. Finally, the selectivity for essentiality was analyzed jointly with extrafiscality, resulting in the conclusion that the essentiality is an independent category and the determining factor in setting the tax burden and imposing fiscal policy, where the measures relating to essential commodities are peremptory, not mingling with extrafiscalidade, whose measures are desired by the State, with freedom for choosing and applying, in which selectivity can be applied in essentiality and extrafiscality / O imposto sobre produtos industrializados é um tributo de competência da União, nos termos do art. 153, IV da Constituição Federal, sendo objeto de estudos do presente trabalho. Considerando que o imposto sobre produtos industrializados teve sua origem no imposto sobre consumo, iniciamos o trabalho traçando a evolução histórica desse tributo nas Constituições Federais, para melhor compreensão de suas características, e de sua materialidade, que se apresenta com interpretações divergentes. As materialidades do IPI foram construídas a partir do texto constitucional que prescreveu a sua incidência sobre produto industrializado , bem como das disposições da lei complementar, que estabeleceu três hipóteses de incidência, mas, considerando que a lei ordinária instituiu apenas duas delas, o desenvolvimento do trabalho circunscreveu-se às construções das regras-matrizes de incidência de importação de produtos industrializados e industrialização de produtos para o mercado interno. Os critérios das regras-matrizes foram analisados e desenvolvidos, tendo sido abordados os critérios da hipótese material, espacial e temporal , bem como os critérios do consequente pessoal e quantitativo. Por meio do exame de alguns princípios constitucionais aplicados ao IPI, delinearam-se suas principais características, fundamentalmente, pela possibilidade de o Poder Executivo alterar as alíquotas por Decreto, mas dentro dos limites estabelecidos pela lei, o que releva afirmar a observância do princípio da legalidade. O princípio da anterioridade se aplica ao IPI somente quanto à anterioridade nonagesimal, não se lhe aplicando a anterioridade anual. Tratou-se do princípio da não cumulatividade, que objetiva salvaguardar o direito de abatimento entre as operações havidas e, consequentemente, tornar o produto final mais barato, e se realizou o exame do direito de crédito do contribuinte como repercussão do princípio da não cumulatividade. Por fim, a seletividade pela essencialidade foi analisada conjuntamente com a extrafiscalidade, resultando na conclusão de que a essencialidade é categoria autônoma, sendo fator determinante na fixação da carga tributária e política fiscal impositiva, onde as medidas atinentes aos produtos essenciais são peremptórias, não se confundindo com a extrafiscalidade, cujas medidas são desejadas pelo Estado, com liberdade de escolha e da forma de execução, podendo a seletividade ser aplicada na essencialidade e na extrafiscalidade

En general el diseño de las políticas habitacionales ha prescindido del conocimiento de la demanda específica. La producción del hábitat popular ha sido a través del uso de técnicas constructivas industrializadas, adoptando estrategias de producción masiva, con una eficiente utilización de los recursos, pero ignorando las exigencias individuales de cada familia, la pluralidad y el dinamismo de la sociedad. En consecuencia surgen complejos que no se adecuan a las necesidades de la población, donde los usuarios intervienen incorporando necesidades no previstas en el desarrollo del producto. A partir de un escenario industrial competitivo donde la diversidad del mercado es un nuevo factor para las empresas, surge la customización masiva como una nueva estrategia, capaz de satisfacer a los consumidores con diferentes productos sin aumentar significativamente los costos y el tiempo de entrega. En programas habitacionales la oferta de customización es muy limitada debido principalmente a lograr una economía de escala de la producción. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue proponer formas de retroalimentar el proceso de desarrollo del producto a partir de las intervenciones realizadas por los usuarios. Fueron realizados dos estudios de casos de programas residenciales, donde la participación del usuario en el desarrollo del producto es diferente. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas, siendo la primera etapa A de comprensión del proceso de desarrollo del producto, caracterizando la empresa y los emprendimientos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con informantes calificados, visitas a los emprendimientos y análisis de documentos técnicos. La etapa B tuvo como objetivo la planificación del levantamiento de datos para capturar las informaciones de las intervenciones de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las unidades. Para esto se realizóla colecta de datos a través de entrevistas, y cuestionarios estructurados a los usuarios, y análisis de las intervenciones a través de fotografías satelitales. La etapa C busco identificar oportunidades de procesamiento de los datos, para entender los requisitos de los usuarios y contribuir a mejorar el PDP. Se identificaron estrategias en el proceso de producción de un sistema industrializado de producción de viviendas, encontrando oportunidades de implementar mejoras en la capacidad de adaptabilidad del sistema a los cambios producidos por los usuarios, aumentando la variabilidad y flexibilidad de las opciones de viviendas ofrecidas por la empresa. Conjuntamente con la empresa fueron analizadas las intervenciones y se identificaron oportunidades para adoptar distintos grados de customización. Las principales contribuciones del trabajo es comprender cuales son los requisitos de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las viviendas, para lograr un producto customizable en proyectos de vivienda de interés social y contribuir al desarrollo de productos industrializados que incorporen estos requisitos. / In general, housing policies have ignored knowledge on the specific needs of families in the design of housing projects. In fact, several industrialized building techniques have been used in social housing, often connected to the adoption of mass production ideas, with the aim of achieving a highly efficient use of resources, but ignoring the individual needs of each family, and the plurality and dynamism of the society. Consequently, there are many housing estates that do not fulfill the needs of the population, resulting in changes in the housing units carried out by the users so that their requirements can be properly considered. In an industrial setting that has growing competition, the diversity in the client needs has become a key factor for several companies in the manufacturing sector. In this context, mass customization has emerged as a new strategy, with the aim of satisfying users with different needs without significantly increasing costs and delivery time. However, in the social housing sector, very few programs offer the possibility of customization, mainly due to the need to achieve economies of scale. Thus, the aim of this research work is to propose guidelines for providing feedback to the product development process of social housing projects, based on product changes that have been made by the users after delivery. Two case studies were conducted in different residential projects, developed by the same company, in which the degree of user involvement in product development was different. The research method was divided into three stages. In stage A, the aim was to understand the product development process, the housing company involved in this investigation, as well as the three projects. The main sources of evidences used were interviews with company representatives, visits to the housing estates, and document analysis. Phase B involved the collection of data related to the product changes carried out by users in the three projects. The main sources of evidence used were interviews with a sample of users, direct observation of those changes, and analysis of interventions by using satellite photos. Phase C sought to propose guidelines for processing user requirement data, and to identify improvement opportunities in the product development process. Regarding the industrialized building system developed by the company, some improvements were proposed, mostly related to the capacity of adaptation of the system to the product changes often made by the users, increasing the variety and flexibility of the housing options offered by the company. In collaboration with company representatives, different degrees of customization were devised. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with how to capture and process requirements based on multiple sources of evidence, as well as to understand the nature of product changes demanded by the users, which can be useful for designing customized houses.

Nos últimos anos o padrão de consumo alimentar no Brasil sofreu diversas modificações por conta dos processos de transição nutricional, marcado intensamente pelo alto consumo de alimentos com elevado teor calórico, ricos em gorduras, açúcares simples, sódio e ao baixo consumo de frutas, hortaliças e alimentos in natura. Este trabalho de caráter longitudinal teve por principal objetivo avaliar a mudança do estado nutricional dos alunos da rede pública de educação básica de ensino de Guariba (estado de São Paulo), no triênio 2013-2016, estimando as variáveis associadas às mudanças do estado nutricional, e analisar a ingestão de energia, macronutrientes, vitaminas, minerais, fibra alimentar e sua relação com o estado nutricional. Para a avaliação nutricional dos alunos foram analisados os indicadores antropométricos (escore Z do Índice de Massa Corporal). As informações referentes ao consumo de alimentos, qualitativa e quantitativa, foram obtidas por meio da adoção de 2 (dois) Recordatórios 24h (nas duas fases - F1 e F2), e as prevalências de inadequação de consumo de micronutrientes foram calculadas utilizando as recomendações nutricionais indicadas para cada estrato etário. Merece destaque a prevalência de excesso de peso dos alunos (49,58%) principalmente no que tange a proporção de obesos (15,60%), e as mudanças significativas no aumento o IMC com o transcorrer do tempo. Quanto ao consumo de macronutrientes, carboidratos, proteínas e gorduras saturadas apresentam-se acima dos valores preconizados de recomendações dietéticas. Quanto aos micronutrientes, os achados assemelham-se aos dados nacionais quanto à inadequação de cálcio, magnésio, sódio e potássio. Foi possível captar associação entre a inatividade física, medido pelo \"tempo de tela\", com o aumento do IMC na segunda fase da pesquisa. O número de alunos inativos tende a um quadro favorável ao incremento das taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade na população estudada, uma vez que um elevado percentual dos alunos classificados como obesos são sedentários (96,43%, na Fase 2). Políticas de saúde públicas municipais direcionadas a orientação dos adolescentes matriculados nas escolas de educação básica de ensino urgem em ser implantadas, com o intuito de que esta população não apresente altos índices de doenças crônicas relacionadas à baixa qualidade da dieta, sedentarismo e excesso de peso na idade adulta. / In recent years the pattern of food consumption in Brazil has suffered several modifications on porpoise of nutritional transition, marked by the intensively high consumption of high-calorie, high in fats, simple sugars, sodium and low consumption of fruits, vegetables and unprocessed foods. This work of longitudinal character has main objective to evaluate the change of nutritional status of students in the public education of basic education Guariba (State of São Paulo), in the 2013-2016 three years, estimating the variables associated to changes of state nutritional, and analyze the energy intake, macronutrients, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber and your relationship with nutritional status. For the nutritional evaluation of the students analyzed the anthropometric indicators (Z score of body mass index). Information relating to the consumption of food, qualitative and quantitative, were obtained through the adoption of 2 (two) 24 hour recall (in two phases-F1 and F2), and the prevalence of inadequacy of consumption of micronutrients were calculated using the recommendations indicated for each age stratum nutritional. The prevalence of overweight students (49.58%) especially regarding the proportion of obese (15.60%), and significant changes in increasing the body mass index (BMI) with the elapse of time. As for the consumption of macronutrients carbohydrates, proteins and fats are saturated above the recommended values of dietary recommendations. As for micronutrients, the findings are similar to national data regarding the inadequacy of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium. It was possible to capture association between physical inactivity, measured by \"screen time\", with the increase in BMI in the second phase of the research. The number of inactive students tends to favor the increasing rates of overweight and obesity in the population studied, since a high percentage of students classified as obese are sedentary (96.43%, in Stage 2). Municipal public health policies directed to guidance of adolescents enrolled in schools teaching basic education urge to be deployed, with the intention that this population with high rates of chronic diseases related to poor quality of diet, physical inactivity and overweight in adulthood.

A arquitetura pré-fabricada apresenta vantagens provenientes da industrialização, mas sua produção pode levar à repetição e padronização, gerando edifícios excessivamente similares. Constituem desafios importantes, para a personalização da edificação produzida através de Sistemas Pré-Fabricados Modulares Volumétricos, a combinação de módulos unidos, na sua maioria, por vértices coincidentes. Considerando que soluções compositivas alternativas implicam na diversificação de posição da junção entre módulos, o objetivo deste trabalho é especificar um modelo generativo que ofereça múltiplas alternativas compositivas vinculadas às diretrizes de junção. O desenvolvimento do modelo considerou, separadamente, três tipos de prisma: retangular, trapezoidal e triangular. Explorando seus componentes estruturais – pilar, viga e conexões -, extraiu-se, a partir dos padrões compositivos gerados, os tipos de encontro necessários para vincular tais componentes. Quatro conjuntos conectivos genéricos foram usados na simulação das junções e definição das diretrizes conectivas. O paradigma da Gramática de Formas associado aos tipos de encontro necessários para criar vínculos entre os componentes estruturais permitiu gerar, automaticamente, alternativas compositivas. O uso do modelo confirmou que, alternativas compositivas com unidades volumétricas tridimensionais, dependem simultaneamente de atributos geométricos e construtivos do conjunto conectivo usado para fixar os módulos entre si. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstrou que a variação compositiva pode ser ampliada através da exploração da relação compositiva-conectiva, respeitados os atributos conectivos e diferentes graus de ajustes nos conjuntos conectivos utilizados. / The prefab architecture has advantages from industrialization, but its production can lead to repetition and standardization, generating excessively similar buildings. They constitute important challenges for customizing the building produced by Prefabricated Volumetric Modular Systems that require combination of modules united mostly by coincident vertices. Whereas alternative compositional solutions imply the diversification position of the junction between modules, the objective of this work is to specify a generative model that offers multiple compositional alternatives linked to joint guidelines. The development of the model considered separately three types of prism: rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular. Exploring the structural components - pillar, beam and connections - it is extracted from the generated compositional standards, types of meeting necessary to link these components. Four generic connective sets were used in the simulation of the joints and connective guidelines. The paradigm of grammar of forms associated with the types of meeting needed to create links between the structural components enabled to generate, automatically, compositional alternatives. The model use confirmed that, compositional alternatives with threedimensional volumetric units depend simultaneously on geometric and constructive attributes of the connective assembly used to secure the modules together. At the same time it showed that the compositional variation could be enlarged through the exploration of the connective-compositional relationship, observing the connective attributes and different degrees of adjustment in connective sets used.

El objetivo general de esta investigación es analizar la importancia de la iconoplástica y del diseño de información para generar una mejor percepción al diseño del etiquetado frontal en los productos industrializados. Por este motivo, la hipótesis planteada para esta investigación es la propuesta de intervención del estudio iconoplástico y el diseño de información en el sistema de etiquetado frontal generan una mejor percepción en los jóvenes adultos. Esta investigación es cualitativa porque se realizaron encuestas a 50 consumidores para conocer sus molestias visuales sobre el etiquetado frontal. Además, se entrevistó a abogados e ingenieros agroindustriales para saber si el etiquetado frontal de advertencias puede ser modificado. Por último, se entrevistó a diseñadores para corroborar los errores técnicos que presenta este sistema de etiquetado en cuanto a diseño gráfico. Para esta investigación la solución consiste en la modificación del etiquetado frontal de productos industrializados. Para ello, se utiliza una retícula para ordenar la información de manera profesional, se cambió la forma de octágono porque da más espacio a la composición. Como resultados se obtuvo que los consumidores consideran una buena propuesta ya que los símbolos se organizan de mejor manera dentro de un espacio reducido. Las conclusiones de este proyecto es que el estudio iconoplástico y el diseño de la información ayudan a resolver la gráfica del etiquetado frontal puesto que la información se organiza mejor. Además, este proyecto fue testeado por un público piloto y se concluyó que generaría impacto en cualquier grupo porque la está mejor organizada. / The main objective for this research is to analyze the importance of iconoplastic and design information to create a better perception on front-of-pack labelling of industrialized products. For this reason, the hypothesis is that the intervention approach of the iconoplastic study and design information on front-of-pack labelling creates a better perception in young adults. This research is qualitative because surveys were made to 50 consumers that confirms their visual disturbance about the front-of-pack labelling design. Also, lawyers and Agro-industrial engineers were interviewed to prove that this labelling could be modified in the future. Finally, designers were also interviewed to corroborate some graphic design technical issues. The research’s solution consists on modifying the front-of-pack labelling of industrialized products. For this, a grid was used for organizing all the information to create uniformity between the symbols, the form was changed from octagon to hexagon, the typography was changed to Franklin Gothic Condensed because it leaves more blank space for the composition. As a result, it was obtained that consumers consider this is a good solution because the symbols are organized in a better way. The conclusions that were found at the end of this project are that the iconoplastic study and the design information help to resolve graphic problems that preset the front-of-pack labelling because the information is organized on grids. Also, this project was only tested on a small group of people, but they consider this solution could generate impact in any public because the information is better organized. / Trabajo de investigación

The industrialized timber housing process is capable nowadays to build multi-storeyhouses since fairly new changes in the Swedish regulations where made after theadmission of the European Union in 1994.The industrialized process moves parts of the construction process into a highlyeffective factory where 3D-volumes of the building are prefabricated beforetransportation to the building site for assemble.The assembly process is relatively effective compared to the completion of thebuilding service system and this is therefore the main focus in this thesis. This thesisattends problems with completion of the building service system, and thereforedemarcates from other aspects, such as technical and economic aspects, of thebuilding service system.The degree of completion of the flats differs from completion of the connectivepassages, for example hallways, in a way that suggests a need for further investigation.This thesis includes analysis of the possibilities to increase the prefabricatedconnective passages, to the extent of containing building service systems.An increase of the prefabrication of the building service system has a greatdevelopment potential, even though some restraining factors need to be solvedbefore implementation.This thesis was made in collaboration with two of Sweden’s leading companies on themarket of multi-storey industrialized timber housing, Moelven ByggModul AB andLindbäcks Bygg AB.

En general el diseño de las políticas habitacionales ha prescindido del conocimiento de la demanda específica. La producción del hábitat popular ha sido a través del uso de técnicas constructivas industrializadas, adoptando estrategias de producción masiva, con una eficiente utilización de los recursos, pero ignorando las exigencias individuales de cada familia, la pluralidad y el dinamismo de la sociedad. En consecuencia surgen complejos que no se adecuan a las necesidades de la población, donde los usuarios intervienen incorporando necesidades no previstas en el desarrollo del producto. A partir de un escenario industrial competitivo donde la diversidad del mercado es un nuevo factor para las empresas, surge la customización masiva como una nueva estrategia, capaz de satisfacer a los consumidores con diferentes productos sin aumentar significativamente los costos y el tiempo de entrega. En programas habitacionales la oferta de customización es muy limitada debido principalmente a lograr una economía de escala de la producción. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue proponer formas de retroalimentar el proceso de desarrollo del producto a partir de las intervenciones realizadas por los usuarios. Fueron realizados dos estudios de casos de programas residenciales, donde la participación del usuario en el desarrollo del producto es diferente. La investigación se realizó en tres etapas, siendo la primera etapa A de comprensión del proceso de desarrollo del producto, caracterizando la empresa y los emprendimientos. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con informantes calificados, visitas a los emprendimientos y análisis de documentos técnicos. La etapa B tuvo como objetivo la planificación del levantamiento de datos para capturar las informaciones de las intervenciones de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las unidades. Para esto se realizóla colecta de datos a través de entrevistas, y cuestionarios estructurados a los usuarios, y análisis de las intervenciones a través de fotografías satelitales. La etapa C busco identificar oportunidades de procesamiento de los datos, para entender los requisitos de los usuarios y contribuir a mejorar el PDP. Se identificaron estrategias en el proceso de producción de un sistema industrializado de producción de viviendas, encontrando oportunidades de implementar mejoras en la capacidad de adaptabilidad del sistema a los cambios producidos por los usuarios, aumentando la variabilidad y flexibilidad de las opciones de viviendas ofrecidas por la empresa. Conjuntamente con la empresa fueron analizadas las intervenciones y se identificaron oportunidades para adoptar distintos grados de customización. Las principales contribuciones del trabajo es comprender cuales son los requisitos de los usuarios en la etapa de uso de las viviendas, para lograr un producto customizable en proyectos de vivienda de interés social y contribuir al desarrollo de productos industrializados que incorporen estos requisitos. / In general, housing policies have ignored knowledge on the specific needs of families in the design of housing projects. In fact, several industrialized building techniques have been used in social housing, often connected to the adoption of mass production ideas, with the aim of achieving a highly efficient use of resources, but ignoring the individual needs of each family, and the plurality and dynamism of the society. Consequently, there are many housing estates that do not fulfill the needs of the population, resulting in changes in the housing units carried out by the users so that their requirements can be properly considered. In an industrial setting that has growing competition, the diversity in the client needs has become a key factor for several companies in the manufacturing sector. In this context, mass customization has emerged as a new strategy, with the aim of satisfying users with different needs without significantly increasing costs and delivery time. However, in the social housing sector, very few programs offer the possibility of customization, mainly due to the need to achieve economies of scale. Thus, the aim of this research work is to propose guidelines for providing feedback to the product development process of social housing projects, based on product changes that have been made by the users after delivery. Two case studies were conducted in different residential projects, developed by the same company, in which the degree of user involvement in product development was different. The research method was divided into three stages. In stage A, the aim was to understand the product development process, the housing company involved in this investigation, as well as the three projects. The main sources of evidences used were interviews with company representatives, visits to the housing estates, and document analysis. Phase B involved the collection of data related to the product changes carried out by users in the three projects. The main sources of evidence used were interviews with a sample of users, direct observation of those changes, and analysis of interventions by using satellite photos. Phase C sought to propose guidelines for processing user requirement data, and to identify improvement opportunities in the product development process. Regarding the industrialized building system developed by the company, some improvements were proposed, mostly related to the capacity of adaptation of the system to the product changes often made by the users, increasing the variety and flexibility of the housing options offered by the company. In collaboration with company representatives, different degrees of customization were devised. The main contributions of this research work are concerned with how to capture and process requirements based on multiple sources of evidence, as well as to understand the nature of product changes demanded by the users, which can be useful for designing customized houses.

A arquitetura pré-fabricada apresenta vantagens provenientes da industrialização, mas sua produção pode levar à repetição e padronização, gerando edifícios excessivamente similares. Constituem desafios importantes, para a personalização da edificação produzida através de Sistemas Pré-Fabricados Modulares Volumétricos, a combinação de módulos unidos, na sua maioria, por vértices coincidentes. Considerando que soluções compositivas alternativas implicam na diversificação de posição da junção entre módulos, o objetivo deste trabalho é especificar um modelo generativo que ofereça múltiplas alternativas compositivas vinculadas às diretrizes de junção. O desenvolvimento do modelo considerou, separadamente, três tipos de prisma: retangular, trapezoidal e triangular. Explorando seus componentes estruturais – pilar, viga e conexões -, extraiu-se, a partir dos padrões compositivos gerados, os tipos de encontro necessários para vincular tais componentes. Quatro conjuntos conectivos genéricos foram usados na simulação das junções e definição das diretrizes conectivas. O paradigma da Gramática de Formas associado aos tipos de encontro necessários para criar vínculos entre os componentes estruturais permitiu gerar, automaticamente, alternativas compositivas. O uso do modelo confirmou que, alternativas compositivas com unidades volumétricas tridimensionais, dependem simultaneamente de atributos geométricos e construtivos do conjunto conectivo usado para fixar os módulos entre si. Ao mesmo tempo, demonstrou que a variação compositiva pode ser ampliada através da exploração da relação compositiva-conectiva, respeitados os atributos conectivos e diferentes graus de ajustes nos conjuntos conectivos utilizados. / The prefab architecture has advantages from industrialization, but its production can lead to repetition and standardization, generating excessively similar buildings. They constitute important challenges for customizing the building produced by Prefabricated Volumetric Modular Systems that require combination of modules united mostly by coincident vertices. Whereas alternative compositional solutions imply the diversification position of the junction between modules, the objective of this work is to specify a generative model that offers multiple compositional alternatives linked to joint guidelines. The development of the model considered separately three types of prism: rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular. Exploring the structural components - pillar, beam and connections - it is extracted from the generated compositional standards, types of meeting necessary to link these components. Four generic connective sets were used in the simulation of the joints and connective guidelines. The paradigm of grammar of forms associated with the types of meeting needed to create links between the structural components enabled to generate, automatically, compositional alternatives. The model use confirmed that, compositional alternatives with threedimensional volumetric units depend simultaneously on geometric and constructive attributes of the connective assembly used to secure the modules together. At the same time it showed that the compositional variation could be enlarged through the exploration of the connective-compositional relationship, observing the connective attributes and different degrees of adjustment in connective sets used.