Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:50:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5522.pdf: 1352042 bytes, checksum: 83c353b1b981d5dfbac220b467cccf50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-12 / The non-inspected slaughter is a serious problem that affects the sheep-raising sector in Brazil. Estimates indicate that more than 90% of the sheep meat traded nationwide, is carried out in non-inspected places. Several are the agents of this production chain who perform the non-inspected slaughter, among whom are farmers. The aim of this study was to analyze, from the perspective of institutional environment, the reasons that lead farmers to carry out slaughter on farm, as a commercial activity, at the city of Tauá (CE), Brazil. Under this scope, comparative analyzes of the socioeconomic, technological and marketing of farmers who do not slaughter their sheep were performed, as well as with sheep-slaughterer farmers in the county. The city of Tauá was chosen as the location for this study due to its importance to sheep sector in Ceará State and the Northeastern Brazil. Using the survey research methodology, 336 sheep-raising farmers were interviewed. The following methods were used for statistical analysis: chi-squared test, Mean-testing and Fisher's exact test. The results demonstrated that 16.7% of the producers perform sheep slaughtering, while 83.3% usually trade live sheep to dealers. The theoretical referencing used was the New Institutional Economics and literature on the informal economy, from which hypotheses were developed, about possible determinants for farmers decision.. Eight determinant factors were identified and 2 distinguishing characteristics of producers who slaughter, from those who do not, in the Tauá county. / O abate não inspecionado é um grave problema que afeta o setor da ovinocultura de corte em todo o Brasil. Estimativas indicam que mais de 90% da carne ovina comercializada em todo território nacional seja proveniente de abate realizado em locais não inspecionados. Diversos são os agentes desta cadeia produtiva que realizam o abate não inspecionado, dentre os quais estão os produtores rurais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar, a partir das características do ambiente institucional, quais são os fatores que levam os produtores rurais a realizarem o abate de ovinos para fins comerciais nas propriedades rurais no município de Tauá (CE). Para tanto, foram realizadas as análises comparativas do perfil socioeconômico, tecnológico e de comercialização dos produtores que não abatem e dos produtores que abatem ovinos no município. O município de Tauá foi escolhido como o local para a realização deste estudo em função de sua relevância para a ovinocultura de corte do Estado do Ceará e da região Nordeste. Utilizando o método de pesquisa do tipo survey foram entrevistados 336 produtores rurais criadores de ovinos. Foram utilizados os seguintes métodos de análise estatística: Qui-quadrado, Teste das Médias e Teste Exato de Fisher. Os resultados da análise mostram que 16,7% dos produtores realizam o abate de ovinos, enquanto 83,3% costumam vender os ovinos vivos para os atravessadores ou para os marchantes. O referencial teórico que fundamentou as análises foi a Nova Economia Institucional e literatura sobre economia informal, a partir do qual foram elaboradas as hipóteses sobre os possíveis determinantes para a realização do abate de ovinos pelos produtores rurais. Foram identificados oito fatores determinantes do abate realizado pelos produtores rurais e duas características diferenciadoras dos produtores que realizam esta atividade em relação aos produtores que não realizam o abate no município de Tauá.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaCMA.pdf: 3448770 bytes, checksum: 0288faa5858a50c76d71674fafbab097 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-11-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present research if inserts in the subject of the habitation of social interest and its relation with the sanitation infra-structure questions (sewer, water, draining and garbage). Having as study universe the narrow river of the Forty , situated one in the city of Manaus, capital of Amazon, approaches questions that if present between the necessities of housing and the especificidades of the natural environment, whose characteristics evidence limits for the implantation of adequate habitations. The objective is to analyze the possibilities and the limits of the urban?stica regularization in the palafitas of the narrow rivers of Manaus, in view of the factors of habitability and ambient protection, expresses for the sanitation system - sanitary exhaustion, water supply, urban draining and garbage collection. The work approaches initially relative the conceptual aspects to the subject of social habitation in the country and its relation with the habitability factors, also focusing the question of the housing and the processes of urban informality in the city of Manaus. It deals with the process of constitution of the palafitas in the space of the city and its relation with the habitacionais politics, presenting the analysis of the implantation of the palafitas in relation to the sanitation infra-structure conditions (sewer, water, draining and garbage). As conclusion, it identifies to the possibilities and limits of urban?stica regularization of the palafitas implanted to the long one of the narrow river of the Forty , taking in consideration the systems of the sanitation infrastructure / A presente pesquisa se insere no tema da habita??o de interesse social e sua rela??o com as quest?es de infra-estrutura de saneamento (esgoto, ?gua, drenagem e lixo). Tendo como universo de estudo o Igarap? do Quarenta, situado na cidade de Manaus, capital do Amazonas, aborda quest?es que se apresentam entre as necessidades de moradia e as especificidades do meio f?sico natural, cujas caracter?sticas evidenciam limites para a implanta??o de habita??es adequadas. O objetivo ? analisar as possibilidades e os limites da regulariza??o urban?stica nas palafitas dos Igarap?s de Manaus, tendo em vista os fatores de habitabilidade e prote??o ambiental, expressos pelo sistema de saneamento esgotamento sanit?rio, abastecimento de ?gua, drenagem urbana e coleta de lixo. O trabalho aborda inicialmente os aspectos conceituais relativos ao tema de habita??o social no pa?s e sua rela??o com os fatores de habitabilidade, enfocando tamb?m a quest?o da moradia e os processos de informalidade urbana na cidade de Manaus. Trata do processo de constitui??o das palafitas no espa?o da cidade e sua rela??o com as pol?ticas habitacionais, apresentando a an?lise da implanta??o das palafitas em rela??o ?s condi??es de infra-estrutura de saneamento (esgoto, ?gua, drenagem e lixo). Como conclus?o, identifica as possibilidades e limites de regulariza??o urban?stica das palafitas implantadas ao longo do Igarap? do Quarenta, levando-se em considera??o os sistemas da infra-estrutura de saneamento

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:19:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 guiraldelli_r_me_fran.pdf: 1169986 bytes, checksum: 9469805795aabee21cdd9516f322d3e1 (MD5) / The present study objectives to excite some reflections about the conditions of life, work and the strategies of survival of the black women who find in the informality in Franca-SP, with emphasis on the domiciliary work. We started of an analysis on the deep alterations occurred in the last decades in the world of the work, that modified the forms to manage and to organize the productive processes in result of new imperatives of the capitalist order. As strategy of exit of the crises, the system itself created measures to give continuity to its ideas, as it occurred with the process of productive reorganization. In the presence of the new arrangements of the productive sector, we verify the growth of the unemployment, degradation of the work conditions by the dismounting of the labor laws long ago conquered and expansion of the informality, characterized for the non-accomplishment of the legislation and absence of social protection. In this horizon, it had an intensification of the under-agreements and of the domiciliary work, produced for the logic of the outsourcing. This is perceivable in the Franca scene, city located in the northeast region of the state of São Paulo and it has as economic power the production of the leather masculine footwear. The accomplishment of the respective research occurs in this locus. The domiciliary work, which does not correspond to any newness in Franca, takes a new dimension with its intensification in the context of the productive reorganization. The shoe industry of Franca starts to adopt the philosophy of reduction of the costs of the work force as strategy to consolidate itself in the capitalist market, resulting in successes for the leather-shoemarker branch and provoking the transference of productive processes, as the manual sewing of the footwear, to domiciliary surrounding it, marked for the precariousness and invisibly work relationships ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

In this article, the author explains about the adoption of corporate governance practices, which depends on an evaluation of costs and benefits. Peruvian companies do not assume these practices because of the lack of incentives, informality and poor regulation. Finally, he concludes peruvian regulation of corporate governance practices lacks content, which means that it is not a priority for companies. / En este artículo, el autor explica acerca de la adopción de prácticas de gobierno corporativo, la cual depende de una evaluación de costos y beneficios. Las empresas peruanas no asumen dichas prácticas por causa de la falta de incentivos, informalidad y deficiente regulación. Finalmente, el autor concluye que el tratamiento peruano de las prácticas de gobierno corporativo carece de contenido, lo que genera que no sea una prioridad para las empresas.

This article aims to investigate whether this labor heterogeneity within large, medium-sized and public-sector companies (MGEySP) during 1995-2014 could have generated a more complex segmentation related to the existence of formal and informal workers. For this segmentation, different scenarios are analyzed considering the characteristics of jobs based on the notion of job quality introduced by ILO (2002). The period under study allows consideration of different labor, economic and social settings. Although more than 78% of workers work for MGEySP, the literature has paid little attention to them because of the assumptions that are made about their features and operation. Also, this paper questions the studies in Argentina which argue that labor segmentation occurs only as a result of informal employment or employment within the informal sector. The evidence confirms some assumptions made about segmentation and the presence of a complex structure. / Este artículo tiene por objetivo investigar si la heterogeneidad laboral presente en las MGEySP, durante 1995-2014, pudo haber generado una segmentación más compleja que la relacionada con la existencia de trabajadores formales e informales. Para ello se analizan distintas hipótesis de segmentación considerando las características de los puestos de trabajo desde la noción de calidad del empleo introducida por OIT (2002). El período bajo estudio permite considerar diferentes escenarios laborales, económicos y sociales. Pese a que más del 78% de los trabajadores se desempeñan en las MGEySP, la literatura le ha prestado poca atención debido a los supuestos que se realizan sobre sus características y funcionamiento. Asimismo, la hipótesis de estudio cuestiona los estudios en Argentina que sostienen que la segmentación laboral se produce exclusivamente como consecuencia del empleo informal o al interior del sector informal. La evidencia confirma algunas hipótesis de segmentación formuladas y la presencia de una estructura compleja.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luiz Kuhn.pdf: 728513 bytes, checksum: cb561ce7a972c3f71f1f992463485b0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper central theme is focused in the Informality in Civil Construction Working Association in the city of Cascavel, Pr., Brazil. The research/study based on the historical and theoretical-methodological referential related, while determined subject, to the analysis and understanding of variables and determinations in civil construction in the capital/working relation appropriating its manifestations in the informality field. To query the object intimacy we brought up the following research problem: If civil construction is an economical activity segment that requires guidelines in its effectual process and it is totally made of complex qualities and determinations, what is the reason for the progressive growth in the last few years in the hired workforce in the field of juridical relations guided in the working relation informality? To mind and answer the research problem, what follows is proposed as general objective: Understand and analyze civil construction segment variables in the capital/working relation and its manifestation in the field of relations enclosed in informality, tendencies and responsibilities in the city of Cascavel, Pr. This path took us to acquire as statistical data empiric material, reports and working economy studies from municipal, state and federal departments, and also perform a field research done through an instrumental questionnaire. These procedures allowed us to learn about the subject movement and tend its determinations by analytical mechanism according to the method that guides us. The research took place downtown and in the suburbs of the city of Cascavel, right on the work site, from August to October 2006 and its subjects were employee and employers classified as entrepreneurs, construction companies in their different occupations and professions, totaling 130 interviewees. The study led us to identify that informality in working relation is a consequence of a capitalist production way. That workers, basically males, from the countryside, with almost no education, without any other professional options, and in this occupation/profession for years, find themselves in unstable conditions, according to the law, among others, motivated by economical, social, institutional, legislations, labor, ideological and personal issues / O presente trabalho dissertativo traz como tema central a Informalidade nas Relações de Trabalho na Construção Civil no Município de Cascavel PR. O estudo-pesquisa fundamentado no referencial teórico-metodológico e histórico pautou-se, enquanto objeto determinado, na compreensão e análise das variáveis e determinações na construção civil na relação capital-trabalho, apropriando as suas manifestações no âmbito da informalidade. Para perquerir a intimidade do objeto em estudo, trouxemos como problema da pesquisa Se a construção civil é um segmento de atividade econômica que exige regularidade em seu processo de efetivação e compõe-se em sua totalidade de determinações e qualidades complexas, por que o crescimento progressivo, nos últimos anos da força de trabalho contratada no âmbito das relações jurídicas foi pautado na informalidade das relações do trabalho? . Para atender e responder ao problema desta pesquisa propôs-se como objetivo geral: Compreender e analisar as variáveis do segmento da construção civil na relação capital e trabalho e sua manifestação no âmbito das relações pautadas na informalidade, das tendências e responsabilidades, no município de Cascavel, PR. Este caminho levou-nos a ter, como material empírico de estudo, dados estatísticos de órgãos oficiais, relatórios da organização e da economia do trabalho do município, bem como uma pesquisa de campo que foi aplicada por meio de questionários. Estes procedimentos possibilitaram apreender o movimento do objeto e tratar suas determinações por mecanismos analíticos conforme o método que nos fundamenta. A pesquisa teve como sujeitos os trabalhadores e empregadores, estes classificados como empreiteiros pessoas físicas, construtoras pessoas jurídicas e proprietários donos de obras, em suas diferentes ocupações / profissões, durante os meses de agosto a outubro de 2006, diretamente nos canteiros de obras, de localização espacial central e nos bairros da cidade de Cascavel, perfazendo uma amostra de 130 entrevistados. O estudo levou a identificar que a informalidade nas relações de trabalho é conseqüência do modo de produção capitalista, que os trabalhadores, basicamente do sexo masculino, são oriundos do campo, com baixa escolaridade, sem opção profissional; e que eles, há muitos anos, estão nesta profissão / ocupação, em condições informais e precárias, à margem da lei, entre outros, motivadas por questões: econômicas, sociais, institucionais, legais, laborais, ideológicas e pessoais

Cette thèse propose d’étudier la trajectoire des femmes incarcérées dans la prison péruvienne Chorrillos I à Lima et d’analyser l’influence des inégalités sociales et du parcours de vie des détenues sur les dynamiques carcérales de cet établissement. Les entretiens menés avec les détenues révèlent un ensemble de similitudes dans leur parcours avant l’incarcération, parmi lesquelles ressortent des schémas de domination genrée, des situations de précarité socioéconomique, des expériences de mères célibataires, ainsi que la recherche de stratégies de survie. Le croisement de l’étude de leur trajectoire et de l’analyse des rapports sociaux, ethniques et genrés permet de comprendre leurs formes d’adaptation au milieu carcéral ainsi que les relations qui lient l’ensemble des acteurs en présence, pour dévoiler les ressorts d’un univers carcéral particulier. / This thesis studies the trajectory of incarcerated women in the Peruvian prison Chorrillos I in Lima and analyzes the influence of social inequalities and detainees’ life-paths on the dynamics of this prison. Interviews with the inmates reveal a range of similarities in their trajectories before incarceration, from gendered domination schemes, socio-economic insecurity and life as single-mothers, to the search for survival strategies. Cross-examining the study of their trajectories with analyses of social, ethnic and gender relations provides an understanding of strategies used by these women to adapt to the prison environment, as well as the relationships between all the actors, and reveals the specific characteristics of a particular prison universe. / Esta tesis propone estudiar la trayectoria de las mujeres encarceladas en el establecimiento penitenciario peruano Chorrillos I en Lima, y analizar la influencia de las desigualdades sociales y del recorrido de vida de las internas sobre las dinámicas carcelarias de este penal. Las entrevistas realizadas con las internas revela un conjunto de similitudes en su trayectoria antes del encarcelamiento, dentro de las cuales sobresalen esquemas de dominación de género, situaciones de precariedad socioeconómica, experiencias de madres solteras, así como la búsqueda de estrategias de supervivencia. El cruce del estudio de su trayectoria con el análisis de las relaciones sociales, étnicas y de género permite comprender sus formas de adaptación al ámbito carcelario y las relaciones que vinculan al conjunto de los actores, para develar los mecanismos de un universo carcelario particular.

Cette thèse de géographie sociale et radicale traite des rapports de domination à Beyrouth à travers l’habiter des travailleurs migrants dans les marges urbaines. Population aux ressources faibles et stigmatisée dans une ville fragmentée, les migrants originaires d’Afrique et d’Asie tentent malgré tout de prendre place dans la capitale libanaise. L’approche micro et croisée de lieux – Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra et le camp palestinien de Mar Elias – et de leurs habitants montre l’imbrication des temps longs et courts des migrations, les frottements entre les logiques communautaires et mercantiles des établis et celles plus chaotiques des nouveaux venus. Si les marges beyrouthines constituent des « sas » d’insertion où s’enchevêtrent des dynamiques multi-scalaires, elles n’en restent pas moins des espaces d’exclusion et de pauvreté animées et fragilisées par les injustices sociales et les inégalités citoyennes. À travers l’étude des mobilités, du système locatif et de l’accès au logement, et du dispositif commercial ethnique, ce travail, basé sur une enquête qui mobilise l’observation des espaces, les entretiens réalisés avec les différents acteurs et l’outil vidéo, met en exergue les réalités complexes de ces marges urbaines. Il expose leurs transformations contemporaines, mais également les tensions locales générées par une crise socio-politique libanaise et moyen-orientale, révélées ici via le prisme de la mondialisation migratoire. In fine, cette thèse interroge de manière à la fois décentrée, et ordinaire un ordre urbain généralement apprécié sous l’angle du confessionnalisme politique et questionne en miroir la nature du régime politique libanais. / This thesis of social and radical geography focuses on power relations in Beirut through an analysis of the housing of migrant workers in the outskirts of the city. As a population with few resources and subject to stigmatization, African and Asian migrant workers nevertheless try to find lodgings within the capital. Taking a micro and intersected approach to the study of specific neighbourhoods (Bourj Hammoud, Karm al-Zeitoun, Sabra and the Palestinian camp of Mar Elias) and their inhabitants reveals the interweaving of long- and short-term migrant groups and frictions between the commercial interests of the existing community and those, admittedly more chaotic, of newcomers. While the outskirts of Beirut have now become a transition zone, spaces in which new plural dynamics are emerging at various levels, they are also spaces of exclusion and poverty, where the coexistence of these communities is constantly being challenged and weakened by instances of social injustice and civil inequality. This study of mobility, rental accommodation, access to housing and the ethnic economy draws on observations of spaces, interviews with actors and video films and provides insights into the complex realities within a marginal urban population. It also highlights contemporary transformations and local tensions caused by the social, economic and political crisis in Lebanon and the Middle East through the prism of international migration. In fine, this thesis takes a decentralized and ordinary approach to analysing an urban structure usually observed from the perspective of confessional politics and, at the same time, questions the overall Lebanese political regime.

El presente documento investiga el impacto que tiene el tamaño de la economía informal en el riesgo soberano de los países miembros de la Alianza del Pacífico, cuyas economías presentan características similares y niveles altos de informalidad. De esta manera, se pretende analizar un factor que no ha sido estudiado ampliamente como determinante del riesgo soberano en países emergentes latinoamericanos. Para cumplir con el objetivo, se realiza una estimación econométrica de datos panel con efectos fijos donde se encuentra que el tamaño de la informalidad es un determinante significativo de mayores niveles en la tasa de interés real, el diferencial entre las tasas de interés activa y pasiva de las economías, el diferencial entre el rendimiento de los bonos soberanos nacionales frente a los bonos estadounidenses y el endeudamiento público, lo que se traslada en un incremento del riesgo soberano a través de un perjuicio en la política fiscal y estabilidad financiera de los países. / This document investigates the impact of the size of the informal economy on the sovereign risk of the member countries of the Pacific Alliance, whose economies have similar characteristics and high levels of informality. In this way, it is intended to analyze a factor that has not been widely studied as a determinant of sovereign risk in emerging Latin American countries. To meet the objective, an econometric estimation of panel data with fixed effects is carried out, where it is found that the size of informality is a significant determinant of higher levels in the real interest rate, the differential between the active and passive interest rates of economies, the differential between the yield of national sovereign bonds compared to US bonds and public indebtedness, which translates into an increase in sovereign risk through damage to the fiscal policy and financial stability of the countries. / Trabajo de investigación

Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur la croissance «exclusive» et la vulnérabilité qui caractérisent le développement du Vietnam et plus largement de l'Asie aujourd'hui. Les chapitres traitent trois aspects importants de la vulnérabilité et du développement inclusif, à savoir : l’informalité (chapitre 1), le dilemme de l'éducation (chapitre 2) et l'emploi atypique (chapitre 3). Les contributions de ce travail reposent sur différents facteurs : la nouveauté et la pertinence des sujets de recherche ; le large éventail de données utilisées, quantitatives et qualitatives, y compris les Enquêtes sur les entreprises individuelles et sur le Secteur Informel au Vietnam, et les Enquêtes Nationales sur l’Emploi de divers pays d'Asie ; et enfin l’originalité de la méthodologie. Le chapitre 1 étudie l'hétérogénéité du secteur informel au Vietnam, en se basant sur une approche quali-quantitative unique. Le chapitre 2 se concentre sur la variation des rendements de l'enseignement supérieur dans la population vietnamienne en recourant à différents modèles d'estimation. Le chapitre 3 est la première étude qui étudie systématiquement les écarts de salaire induits par le statut de travail temporaire dans les pays en développement d'Asie. Dans l'ensemble, toute la thèse implique que le capital humain, l'emploi et le revenu sont des facettes interdépendantes du bien-être individuel et que certains phénomènes de développement doivent être analysés dans leur hétérogénéité. / This PhD dissertation is dedicated to the issue of ‘exclusivist’ growth and vulnerability characterizing Vietnam as well as developing Asia today. The chapters address three important aspects of vulnerability and inclusive development, namely: Informality (chapter 1), Education dilemma (chapter 2) and Non-standard employment (chapter 3). The contribution of this work lies in the novelty and relevance of research topics; the wide range of data used, both quantitative and qualitative, including Household Business and Informal Sector Surveys in Vietnam, and national Labor Force Surveys of various countries in Asia; as well as the originality of methodology. Chapter 1 investigates the heterogeneity of the informal sector in Vietnam, based on a unique quali-quanti approach. Chapter 2 focuses on the variation of the returns to higher education across the Vietnamese population with different estimation models. Chapter 3 is the first study that systematically examines the wage differentials induced by temporary job status in Asian developing countries. Overall, the whole thesis implies that human capital, employment, and income are interrelated facets of individual well-being, and that some development phenomena should be analyzed in their heterogeneity.