This paper examines the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the early stages of the design process, with a specific focus on using AI to develop user-centered designs during the concept phase. The paper presents a qualitative literature study that employs cloud-based tools like Notion and Lateral to organize and categorize relevant research articles. Additionally, the study continuously compares keywords to gain a comprehensive understanding of the topics covered. Its objective is to emphasize the significance of user-centered design and offer a fresh perspective on how AI can assist designers in creating designs that cater to user needs. The paper explores various AI tools and techniques, such as natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning, which can be employed to analyze user data and provide insights into user behavior. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of designers possessing a deep understanding of information architecture, user experience (UX), and interface design to fully leverage the potential of AI tools. While AI tools cannot replace human creativity and expertise, designers must be able to effectively interpret the data provided by these tools and use them to inform their design decisions. The study provides valuable insights into the integration of AI into the design process, resulting in more effective and user-centered designs. It serves as a valuable resource for designers, researchers, and individuals interested in exploring the possibilities of AI in design.

Creating websites today is not easy as it seems, therefore it is important to know the essential principle when developing new product for users. Knowing the essential principles is not enough, you will also need to know about what users think and feel is important on a website such as Stack Overflow. It is a question-and-answer website where it offers users the ability to post questions and receive answers from other users that uses the same website. This study will identify what is important for young adult developers on the website Stack Overflow and what they think, and feel is required in terms of usability on the website. In this study there will be a theoretical framework and it includes different aspects of usability: learnability, comprehensibility, navigation, flexibility, and discoverability. This theoretical framework has been created to be able to identify what is important for young adult developers on the website Stack Overflow. By using this theoretical framework, we can setup the data collection method which is interview and think-aloud-test. As for analysis of the data, content analysis has been used to analyze the results and the study reached its conclusion. The conclusion is that on a website like Stack Overflow, navigation, flexibility, and comprehensibility are the important aspects for young adult developers.

Den globala pandemin covid-19 har lett till att organisationer genomför distansarbete, vilket ökar behovet av digital kommunikation. Högskolor i Sverige är en del av organisationerna som har arbetat på distans det senaste året. Ett kommunikationsverktyg som högskoleanställda har är medarbetarwebbplatsen. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur informationsarkitekturen på medarbetarwebbplatsen påverkar anställdas distansarbete. För att göra detta undersöker denna studie Högskolan i Borås medarbetarwebbplats och hur den har påverkat anställdas distansarbete med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk skapad för informationsarkitektur på webbplatser. Studien bygger på data som samlats in från en webbplatsanalys av högskolans webbplats, intervjuer och tänk-högt användartest. Totalt genomfördes tio intervjuer och användartest tillsammans med anställda med olika yrkesroller på Högskolan i Borås. Resultatet visar att högskolans medarbetarwebbplats har de element som efterfrågas i en bra informationsarkitektur, men den uppfyller ändå inte användarnas förväntningar. Det beror på att dessa element inte fungerar som förväntat av användarna. Resultatet visar också att distansarbete har ökat behovet av en funktionell medarbetarwebbplats eftersom fysisk interaktion inte längre är möjlig. Det visar också att eftersom webbplatsens informationsarkitektur gör det svårt att hitta information påverkar webbplatsen anställda på distans som spenderar mer tid än önskat på att söka på webbplatsen. / The global pandemic of covid-19 has led organizations to conduct teleworking, increasing the need of digital communication. Universities in Sweden are part of these organizations that has been teleworking for the past year. One communication tools university employee have is the employee website. This study aims to explore how the information architecture of employee website affects employees’ telework. To do so, this study investigates the employees’ website of Borås university and how it has been affecting employees telework using a theoretical framework created for information architecture on websites. The study draws upon data collected from a website analysis of the university’s website, interviews, and think-aloud user tests. A total of ten interviews and user tests were conducted with employees with different professional roles at Borås university. The results show that the university’s employees’ website does have the elements required in information architecture however, it does not live up to the users’ expectations. That is because these elements, while implemented, do not work as expected by the users. The results also show that teleworking has increased the need of a functional employee website as physical interaction are no longer possible. They also show that, because the information architecture of the website makes it difficult to find information, the website affects teleworkers that spend more time than desired searching on the website.

This thesis aims to investigate the effectiveness and significance of cookie notifications for users from a consent perspective. Specifically, the study seeks to answer the following research questions: 1) What types of cookie notifications can be identified on websites? 2) What factors influence the perception, experience, and final decision of tech-savvy users when it comes to cookie notifications? The implementation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in 2018 has required websites to inform users about the collection, processing, and use of personal data, as well as request their consent. One way to achieve this is through cookie notifications. However, the impact and factors influencing users' interaction with cookie notifications are still unclear. Therefore, this qualitative study analyzes a sample of cookie notifications through user interviews and think-aloud testing to explore factors affecting users' perceptions and decisions regarding consent. The results of our study indicate that consent fatigue is the most decisive factor in a user's choice of cookies. The large number of daily requests that users must face leads to users not caring about making privacy choices. Although fear of missing out and nudging also affect a user, it is cookie notifications with extensive text that induce consent fatigue. Our conclusion is that if cookie notifications are still to exist, they should be even more private by default and that options like "accept all" should require more active choices by the user and not the other way around. The results will help enhance the transparency and user-friendliness of cookie notifications while balancing privacy protection and user experience.

As the number of older people using the Internet continues to grow, their specific accessibility requirements while using digital technology often go unaddressed. This qualitative study aimed to investigate potential obstacles regarding the accessibility of two Swedish public sector websites for older adults when they are visited on a smartphone, and how they relate to the guidelines in WCAG 2.1 and the basic principles of information architecture. The study also aims at exploring the internet and mobile technology usage patterns among the elderly population. Six participants were enlisted to partake in an interview, accompanied by an observation combined with a think-aloud method, enabling them to articulate their emotions and viewpoints regarding the user experience. The study’s objective when using the studied websites on a smartphone, as well as to grain a comprehensive understanding of the participants’ overall user experience. This exploration aimed to enhance the comprehension of website accessibility for older adults within the realm of public sector websites. The findings of the study show a small number of difficulties regarding the accessibility on both websites. Most of the difficulties could be related to the guidelines in WCAG 2.1 and some of them could be related to the basic principles of information architecture. The results also showed that the participants use their smartphones often or every day and that the vast majority visit websites often or daily via their smartphones.

The aim of the study is to examine how information architecture can make language options easily available on websites. The question is how users can find the language selector depending on where it is placed and how it is presented visually on the website. How can a user find and locate the language selector on the website if they cannot read the default language. This study examines what is good and bad information architecture when it comes to language selector and if the user experience will be affected. To find the answer in the research, a comparative analysis was performed by examining the position of language options on different sample sites, such as the placement of the language selector on the navbar (navigation bar) or footer, and including the use of icons. The study measures observations from the participants to study differences in user experience across different websites. The study has measured the time it takes to locate the language selector with 100 users. The users have ranked the chosen websites to be able to demonstrate how effective the information architecture is and how it impacts the user experience. This can guide web developers to implement and make the information architecture more efficient for language choices.

In a world increasingly shaped by digitalization, digital services necessitate a strong foundation in digital competence to ensure social inclusion. As part of the rising digitalization efforts within schools, a certain level of digital accessibility is required and they play a crucial role in providing information and services to students and parents. The purpose of this study is to conduct a quantitative analysis to determine whether the studied Swedish high school websites meet current laws, standards, and guidelines related to web accessibility. In related research, challenges faced by developers and editors in developing accessible websites are highlighted. Municipal as well as independent schools both constitute public entities and are therefore obligated under the DOS-law to adhere to the guidelines and laws governing digital services (websites, apps, digital documents, etc.). Considering the law that will be enacted in 2025, encompassing all economic actors, public entities are of interest as study subjects. The results show that none of the websites studied meet the existing requirements. The results also indicate that the websites of municipalities are considered more accessible than those of independent schools.

This study analyzes the accessibility and usability of Swedish Public Authority´s websites for people with visual impairments, this was done with an online-survey answered by 51 respondents (35 respondents with a visual impairment and 16 without). Based on their answers a manual review of one sample website was performed. The users who participated in the survey raised problems regarding text size, navigation and insufficient compatibility with digital visual aids. The manual review shows that the sample website does not comply with WCAG guidelines 1.2.5, Audio description (prerecorded) ; 1.4.4 Resize Text ; 2.1 Keyboard Accessible ; 3.3.1.  The study discusses accessibility and usability from the perspective of the visually impaired and their suggestions to optimize Public Authority’s websites based on those two criterias. The study concludes with a discussion of validity, reliability and future research opportunities.

This bachelor thesis is about how targeted marketing affects the user experience on Facebook and Instagram. This study has both been looking at the number of ads in users' feeds but also the structure of each individual ad because the information architecture behind every information campaign, not only affects the user experience but has also shown that it determines how users view the company behind the ad. The success of social media has resulted in most marketing strategies now being shifted to social media platforms and the newest phenomenon is to target customized ads to a specific audience based on detailed data from users such as age, gender and previous searches in various search engines. In this study a group of a total of six participants was selected to analyze their feed on Instagram and Facebook every day for a week and write down discoveries according to a template with questions related to issues such as number of ads, how relevant the ads were to the participants and general thoughts about targeted marketing. The study finished with an interview with each participant where the participants were asked more in-depth questions about the participants notes and targeted marketing in general. Finally, we analyzed both the daily notes and the answers from the interview and were able to draw conclusions about how ads structure and design in combination with relevance affect the user experience and how users' emotions are affected negative by different targeted ads aimed at the wrong target gro

Previous studies indicate that visually impaired users of screen readers experience more difficulty interacting with websites when there is an absence of accessibility. The purpose of this study is to focus on IA components: organisation, labelling and navigation and accessibility guidelines recommended for screen readers from WCAG 2.1 to investigate the current status of accessibility regarding screen readers on Swedish websites. The websites that have been analysed are divided into three categories: government, target group-oriented, and commercial. These categories represent users’ possible everyday services. The study was conducted using a quantitative document study with an observation schedule and an univariate analysis. The results indicate that the government category had implemented most acceptable accessibility adaptations, however this was to be expected as it is regulated by the law of DOS. On the other hand, the commercial category implemented the least acceptable accessibility adaptations. This was expected as previous research has revealed that online stores have poor accessibility. Lastly the target group-oriented category had performed accessibility adaptations that were less acceptable than the government yet more acceptable than the commercial. The primary users of the target group-oriented category are visually impaired users, therefore, there were expectations of more and better implemented accessibility adaptations. The conclusion is that there are deficiencies regarding accessibility in the categories included in the study. It shows that the lack of accessibility can be linked to IA, as the implementation of accessibility adaptations represented how well the components had been used and applied.