This presentation by the Director of the ARL Office of Scholarly Communication was given at the UBC Library on March 5, 2009, as part of the BC Research Libraries Group Lecture Series. The topic was a field study that she initiated involving the investigation of a range of new models of scholarly publishing and communication valued by scholars. There was a particular focus on works that push the boundaries of traditional formats and are considered innovative by the faculty who use them. The findings were published in November 2008 and titled: Current Models of Digital Scholarly Communication - Results of an Investigation Conducted by Ithaka for the Association of Research Libraries and can be found at http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/current-models-report.pdf.

This study investigates the drivers and forms of business model innovation. It is built on the business model innovation typology proposed by Koen et al. (2011), we have developed its dimensions into Hurdle rate, technology, partners value network and customer value network. The study used these dimensions as a base to differentiate between the two approaches of the business model innovation which were identified as innovating the existing business model approach and multiple business model approach. The study used qualitative analysis, through a dual case study approach in the automotive industry, consequently Fiat and Tata Motors were selected as case studies. Furthermore, the study foundation is secondary data supported by primary data (i.e. interviews) to investigate how each of these two organizations has implemented business model innovation in each case study, by highlighting and contrasting their different approaches of business model innovation. The results of the study showed that each of the two approaches of business model innovation implies open innovation and expands the organization’s value network. However, innovating the existing business model focuses on improving the organizations’ performance, and sustaining innovation. On the other hand, the multiple business model approach aims to disrupt the industry or a competitor (i.e. New entrant), through disruptive innovation. Moreover, the study proposed a process based framework and a checklist on business model innovation, to assist the decision makers in organizations while choosing between innovating their existing business model or designing a new one.

Ugdymo proceso kaita, apimanti pakitusį ugdymo turinį, naują požiūrį į besimokantįjį, žinių sistemą, kintantis šeimos požiūris į mokyklą, informacijos gausa, reikalauja ir naujų turinio perteikimo būdų, tad kiekvienas mokytojas siekia, kad jo pamokos būtų įdomios, padėtų mokiniams įsisąmoninti mokomąją medžiagą, ugdytų kūrybiškumą ir norą daugiau sužinoti. Šiuos siekius gali padėti įgyvendinti IKT (informacinės komunikacinės technologijos ir IMM (inovatyvūs mokymo metodai). Šiame darbe laikysime, kad informacinės komunikacinės technologijos - tai (skaitmeninių) būdų ir priemonių visuma, kuriomis ugdymo tikslais kuriama, renkama, saugoma, transformuojama ir skleidžiama informacija. Teorinėje dalyje pristatoma informacinių technologijų evoliucija ir revoliucija, apžvelgiamas atskirų užsienio šalių IKT naudojimas praktikoje. Taip pat aiškinamasi apie IKT naudojimą pradinėse klasėse per IKT taikymo rekomendacijas; mokytojo funkcijas, vaidmenis ir metodų įvairovę; vertinant mokinių pasiekimus ir palaikant ryšius su tėvais. Analizuojama IKT taikymas pasaulio pažinimo kurse per kompiuterines mokymo priemones lietuvių kalba ir jų naudojimo galimybes bei per tarptautinių IKT išteklių elektroninę struktūrą. Šiuo darbu buvo siekiama išsiaiškinti, ar inovatyvūs mokymo(si) metodai – šiuolaikinius pedagogikos lūkesčius atitinkantys veiksmingi ugdymo metodai? Buvo iškeltas darbo tikslas – apžvelgus IKT ir IMM naudojimo pasaulinę patirtį ir išsiaiškinus Lietuvos situaciją šiuo klausimu... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Changes in the process of education, relied on the changed educational content, new approach towards learner, systems of knowledge, changing families‘ overview to school, the profusion of information requires new methods of content imparts. So every teacher seeks’ his lessons to be more interesting, helpful in realizing educational material as well as helping in development of learners creativity and willingness of news. These aims might be accomplished by using ICT (informational communication technologies) or IEM (innovative educational methods). In the frames of this work informational communication technologies are integer of ways and measures with witch information is collected, stored, transformed and spread as the aim of educational process. Theoretical part of the work present evolution and revolution of information technologies, examples of various use of ICT in foreign counties. It also reveals main ways of ICT use in elementary school: in evaluation of learners knowledge and getting into contact with parents. ICT use possibilities in lessons of natural science by using Lithuanian language and it’s use possibilities and international ICT base. This work was aimed to reveal whether innovation educational methods correspond with the expectations of modern pedagogy. The goal of the work after analysis of ICT and IEM (it’s international examples and Lithuanian experience in this field) – promote research, that would allow us to evaluate given educational methods and... [to full text]

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka faktorer och risker som påverkar köpbeslutet för en konsument gällande en ny innovativ produkt. Uppsatsen kan på så sätt bidra med kunskap och förståelse för företag som vill utveckla den här typen av produkter. Studiens inriktning och syfte togs fram i samarbete med textilföretaget FOV Fabrics. Med utgångspunkt ur syftet och problemet genomfördes en enkätundersökning som kompletterades med semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fyra av enkätrespondenterna. Resultatet av enkätundersökningen analyserades och jämfördes med resultatet av intervjuerna. Enkät- och intervjurespondenterna delades in i två grupper, adoptörer och icke-adoptörer, baserat på om de valt att adoptera produkten i fråga eller ej. Grupperna analyserades och jämfördes för att få en förståelse för varför konsumenter adopterar nya produkter och varför vissa inte gör det. Studien visade att adoptering av nya produkter inte kan göras konkret för produkter överlag, då processen skiljer sig bland produktkategorier. Den här studien visar endast hur köpbeslutsprocessen för specifikt en skjorta i funktionsmaterial kan gå till, vilket även kan gälla för andra plagg med samma material men inte för andra produktkategorier. Studien visade på att adoptörer, bestående av innovators och early adopters, är främst mottagliga för nya innovationer. De består av tekniska, funktionsorienterade individer. Förutom funktionerna skjortan erbjuder (vattenavvisande, smutsavvisande, strykfri, antibakteriell) värderar de passform, komfort och design i ett plagg. Det är innovatörerna som bör adoptera produkten för att produkten ska kunna accepteras av majoriteten av konsumenterna. För att en adoption ska kunna ske av mer skeptiska konsumenter är det viktigt med tillförlitlighet och ett varumärke konsumenten kan lita på, om inte informationen och kunskapen om produkten är tillräcklig. / The purpose of this paper is to find the different factors and risks that affect the buying decision for a consumer when being faced with an innovative product. The study can contribute with knowledge and an understanding for companies that are looking to develop this type of products. The focus and purpose was developed in cooperation with the textile company FOV Fabrics. With the purpose and the problematics as a basis, a survey was completed alongside semi-structured interviews with four of the respondents from the survey. The result from the survey was analyzed and compared with the results from the interviews. All of the respondents were divided into two groups, adopters and non-adopters, based on if they wanted to adopt the product in question or not. The two groups were analyzed and compared to reach an understanding to why consumers choose to adopt new products and why some of them do not. The study showed that adoption of new products is not something that can be defined for all products, as the process differentiates between product categories. This study only shows what the buying decision process looks like for a shirt made of functional material, which can be translated to another garment with the same material, but not through other product categories. The study also showed that the adopters are consisting of innovators and early adopters, which are most receptive to new innovations. They are technical, function- oriented individuals. Besides the functions in the shirt (water repellant, stain resistant, non-iron, anti-bacterial) they value fit, comfort and design in garments. The innovators should adopt the product so it can be accepted by the majority of the consumers later on. To achieve an adoption by the skeptical consumers, reliability is an important factor and a brand that the consumer can trust, if the knowledge and information about the product is not sufficient enough. Please note that the paper is written in Swedish.

Arbetet använder sig av en rättspolitisk metod med fokus på rationalitet, empirism och pragmatism. Slutsatsen som dras i arbetet är att det finns ett tomrum mellan lagstiftarens mål bakom sexualbrotten och medlet för uppnå det genom den konventionella straffrättsprocessen. Tomrummet består dels av att straffrättsprocessen till fullo inte kan omfatta målet, dels att majoriteten av offer som anmäler våldtäkt idag nekas en rättsprocess, och slutligen att en friande våldtäktsdom ändå kan anses innebära att en konflikt återstår. Konflikten som återstår i majoriteten av fallen är mellan den misstänktes upplevelse av ömsesidigt samlag och offrets upplevelse av en kränkning av dennes sexuella självbestämmanderätt och integritet. I detta tomrum diskuteras möjligheten till en påbyggnad av det konventionella i form av innovativa rättsprocesser med större fokus på offret istället för förövaren. En process som söker att reparera offrets upplevda negativa konsekvenser samt tillfredsställa offrets behov av rättvisa, utan att hota straffrättsprocessens funktioner i form av straff, rättssäkerhet och brottsbekämpning. Arbetet nyanserar också bilden av vad en våldtäkt kan omfatta, vem förövaren är och offrens intressen.  Ett praktiskt exempel från Danmark tas upp där medling för våldtäkt idag används som ett sätt att hantera detta tomrum. Arbetet avslutas med att diskutera vägar framåt för att hantera sexualbrottsproblematiken på ett mer innovativt sätt.

校長正向領導與學校組織學習是影響教師創新教學的重要因素。本研究旨在了解高級中學校長正向領導、學校組織學習與教師創新教學的現況及差異情形，並探討上述三者的相關情形。 本研究方法為文獻分析與問卷調查法。研究對象為新北市、桃園縣、新竹縣、苗栗縣、新竹市之97所高級中學教師，有效樣本共855份。問卷回收後分別以敘述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、積差相關、逐步多元迴歸等統計方法進行分析。根據研究結果將結論分析歸納如下： 一、高級中學教師對校長正向領導之現況知覺良好。 二、高級中學教師對學校組織學習之現況知覺良好。 三、高級中學教師對教師創新教學之現況知覺良好。 四、校長正向領導與學校組織學習間具有顯著正相關。 五、校長正向領導與教師創新教學間具有顯著正相關。 六、學校組織學習與教師創新教學間具有顯著正相關。 七、校長正向領導與學校組織學習對於教師創新教學有正向預測力。 本研究根據以上結論，提出幾點建議提供教育行政單位、高級中學校長、教師與未來相關研究作參考。 關鍵字: 校長正向領導、學校組織學習、教師創新教學 / Principals’ positive leadership and school organizational learning are the important factors of innovative teaching of teachers. This study aims to investigate the current situations and circumstances of senior high school principals’ positive leadership, school organizational learning and innovative teaching of teachers. The purpose of this study is to understand the current situation and the relationships among the positive leadership of principals, school organizational learning and innovative teaching of teachers. The research methods included literature review and questionnaire survey. The subjects of the survey were teachers in 97 senior high schools across New Taipei City, Taoyuan County, Hsinchu County, Miaoli County and Hsinchu City. The study issued a total of 855 valid questionnaires. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson Product-moment correlation, multiple regression analysis. The findings based on the results of the research are as follows: 1. The perception of the senior high school teachers toward the principals’ implement positive leadership is good. 2. The perception of the senior high school teachers toward school organizational learning is good. 3. The perception of the senior high school teachers toward the innovative teaching of teachers is good. 4. There is a significant positive correlation between the senior high school principals’ positive leadership and school organizational learning. 5. There is a significant positive correlation between the senior high school principals’ positive leadership and innovative teaching of teachers. 6. There is a significant positive correlation between the senior high school organizational learning and innovative teaching of teachers. 7. The senior high school principals’ positive leadership and school organizational learning have positive direct effect on the innovative teaching of teachers. According to the research findings, some suggestions are proposed for the reference of education administrative units, senior high school principals and teachers, and research staff engaged in future related researches. Keywords：principals’ positive leadership, school organizational learning, innovative teaching of teachers

In the literature there is a great emphasis on the theories of regional growth and development. In many theories, the role of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the economic growth and development of different regions has been widely discussed. Therefore, there is an emphasis upon the importance of the SMEs in the growth and development of the regional and national economies. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of local capabilities in the exporting SMEs and consequently define their role in regional growth and shed some light on the situation of the local capabilities in Ankara province. Therefore, in this study, firstly the theoretical framework of regional growth theories and the role of exporting SMEs in the regional economic growth are constructed. Secondly, the increasing role of different types of SMEs in the regional growth and their defining characteristics are discussed. Thirdly, brief remarks on SMEs in the Turkish economy and Ankara have been provided. Afterwards, the main hypothesis of this study tested through the results iv iv obtained from the survey that was done with SMEs in Ankara province and success factors of SMEs are drawn from the in-depth interviews. Finally, by making a general evaluation some policy implications have been drawn.

This thesis represents an attempt to explore critical issues in the national military literature and bring up findings for further studies by exploring military innovation,smart management of defense R&amp / D, critical and dual-use technologies concepts in detail. The study has two main components. The first part provides a conceptual and theoretical framework to discuss and understand military innovation, critical technology and dual-use technology. A military that fails to innovate when their contemporaries are innovating is destined to face its dire consequences. So the quest for change within military organizations is a rational and hopefully encouraged behavior. In this thesis the modes of innovation are at the center stage. However, the main intention focus is on technological innovation. As certain technologies are at the core of decisive military innovation, the initial step in innovation is normally to procure the new technology. A country that must purchase technology from abroad is arguably less likely to wield it as effectively as the country that is capable of inventing or manufacturing it, as the latter is usually better equipped to exploit and further refine technology. In order to insure the flow of technological innovations, a sound technology investment strategy must be formulated. A strategy built on a foundation of three integrated building blocks (optimal in-house R&amp / D, expanded collaborative efforts, and smart outsourcing) will enable the military to be an effective smart buyer and smart provider. The thesis proceeds with a brief discussion of critical technologies, specifically the ones that are critical for military and national importance, in order to provide guidance for identifying which technologies harbor the greatest payoff potential. Closely related to this discussion is the question of national economic growth based on technological developments in particular the development of technologies with potential for use in either the civilian or military sectors, and promotion of partnerships among actors / military, industry, academia. Such technologies are referred as dual-use technologies. The dual-use relationships among actors are spin-off, spin-on, venture capital model, and military support/pull model. The second part of the thesis develops a kind of empirical case study analysis based on a rotary-wing upgrade project about the importance of upgrade and system integration technology as a core capability. The last chapter concludes the thesis with the discussion of findings.

In einer wissensbasierten Wirtschaft basiert die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zunehmend auf den intangiblen Unternehmensressourcen. Doch was für eine Relevanz räumen Führungspersonen in der deutschen Wirtschaft dem Wissens- und Intellectual Capital Management (WM/ICM) ein? Im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologie (BMWi) hat die Forschungsstelle für organisationale Kompetenz und Strategie an der Technischen Universität Chemnitz anhand einer repräsentativen Stichprobe von 3401 Unternehmen den Stand der Wissensmanagement-Aktivitäten in der deutschen Wirtschaft erfasst. Desweiteren ist die Studie folgenden Fragestellungen nachgegangen: - Was sind die möglichen Einflussfaktoren für den Einsatz von WM /ICM-Maßnahmen? - Was für eine Bedeutung hat das WM /ICM für den Unternehmenserfolg und die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit zu untersuchen. Ein wesentliches Studienergebnis ist, dass die Ressource Wissen zum zentralen Produktions-/Wettbewerbsfaktor in der deutschen Wirtschaft avanciert ist. Dabei werden WM/ICM-Aktivitäten weniger von Betriebsgrößen und Branchen als von Geschäftsstrategien und Kernkompetenzen bestimmt. Neben dem Studienergebnis, dass Wissensmanagement besonders in den Unternehmen stark ausgeprägt ist, wo eine starke kunden-, qualitäts-, und personalgetriebene Wettbewerbsstrategie im Vordergrund steht, wurden weitere Einflussgrößen eruiert. / In a knowledge based economy competitiveness is primarily based on the intangibles of a firm. But what relevance is actually given to the Management of organizational knowledge and intellectual Capital (KM/ICM) in the German economy? The Institute of Personnel Management and Leadership studies at the Chemnitz University of Technology has conducted a company survey on KM/ICM with a representative sample size of 3401 firms in order to capture the status-quo of KM/ICM- activities within the German economy. Additionally, two other main research questions have been addressed: - What are the potential drivers for the implementation of KM/ ICM? - How do KM/ ICM activities relate to organizational performance? A crucial study result reveals knowledge as a crucial production – and competitive factor in the german economy. Here, the implementation of KM/ICM is rather determined by business strategies and core competencies than firm characteristics like industry sector or firm size. Besides the findings, that KM–activities especially prevail in those firms with a predominant customer, employee and innovation orientated strategy,further KM/ICM drivers have been evaluated.

本研究旨在探討新竹地區（新竹縣、市）國民中學學校創新經營、組織公民行為與學校效能之關係。研究採調查研究法，共計抽樣25所學校，發出 650 份問卷，回收 560 份有效問卷，回收率為 86％。資料處理分別以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、積差相關、迴歸分析等統計方法進行統計分析。 本研究獲致下列之結論： 一、國中教師對整體學校創新經營現況知覺程度為中上，其中以「資訊科 技創新經營」感受最佳，「外部環境創新經營」則仍有待努力。 二、國中教師對整體組織公民行為之現況感受為中上程度，其中以「不爭 利營私」最受重視，「認同組織」則有待加強。 三、國民中學整體學校效能的現況尚稱良好，其中以「教師專業成長」最 受重視，「社區認同支持」則有加強的空間。 四、「學校歷史」是影響學校創新經營、組織公民行為與學校效能的重要 背景變項，創校10以內的學校表現較佳。 五、「性別」是影響學校創新經營、組織公民行為與學校效能的重要背景 變項，男性普遍高於女性。 六、「年資」是影響學校創新經營、組織公民行為與學校效能的重要背景 變項，新進5年以內的教師表現較佳。 七、「學歷」是影響學校創新經營、組織公民行為與學校效能的重要背景 變項，一般大學畢業的教師表現普遍較高。 八、「職務」是影響組織公民行為與學校效能的重要背景變項，兼任行政 教師普遍較高。 九、「年齡」是影響組織公民行為的重要背景變項，41歲以上的教師表現 普遍較佳。 十、國中學校創新經營的情況愈佳，教師組織公民行為的情形也愈佳。 十一、國中學校創新經營的情況愈高，則學校效能愈佳。 十二、國中教師組織公民行為愈高，則學校效能也愈佳。 十三、學校創新經營對學校效能具有預測力，而且以行政管理最具預測力 十四、組織公民行為對學校效能具有預測力，而且以認同組織最具預測力 十五、學校創新經營與組織公民行為對學校效能具有預測力，且以分層面 「行政管理創新經營」的預測力最佳。 依據研究之結論，研究者提出具體建議，以供學校及教育行政機關後續提昇學校效能之可行做法，以及未來相關研究之參考。 一、強化資訊網路系統、鼓勵知識分享，以提升學校效能。 二、營造和諧的校園氣氛，公開表揚教師的組織公民行為。 三、重視教師專業成長，確保學校效能的展現。 四、肯定女性教師，提供更多校務參與機會。 五、鼓勵教師參與行政工作，深度認識加強認同。 六、鼓勵勇於創新與改變，營造正向的創新校園。 七、加強教師組織公民行為，對學校的認同，以提昇學校效能。 八、加強與社區互動，爭取社區成員的認同支持。 / The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships between school innovative management and teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness of junior high schools in Hsin Chu County and Hsin Chu City. Questionnaire survey method is adopted. The samples include 25 schools and 650 questionnaires were distributed. There were 560 valid questionnaires used finally in the statistic analysis and the usable rate is 86%. All data collected were analyzed by the methods of descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, Multiple regression etc. The conclusions are as follows: 1.The current states of school innovative management in junior high school are good. Comparing all dimensions, “information and technology ” is the best; “exterior relationship” is the worst. 2.The whole performance of teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior is good. Among the sectional scores, “the dimension of non-benefit-orientated” is the highest. 3.School effectiveness shows medium-high level, especially “the professional development of teachers.” 4.The “school history” is the most important environment factor to affect school innovative management and teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior. 5.The “gender” is the most important background factor to affect school innovative management, teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness. 6.The “years of service in education” is the most important background factor to affect school innovative management, teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness. 7.The “highest of educational diploma” is the most important background factor to affect school innovative management, teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness. 8.The “position of teacher” is the most important background factor to affect teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior and school effectiveness. 9.The “age” is the most important background factor to affect teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior. 10. The better the school innovative management will be, the more the teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior will be. 11.The higher the level of school innovative management is, the higher level of school effectiveness will be. 12. The more the organizational citizenship behavior will be, the higher the school effectiveness will be. 13. The school innovative management can predict the school effectiveness, and “administration and management” is the primary predictable variable. 14. The teacher’s organizational citizenship behavior can predict the school effectiveness, and “the identifying oneself with the organization” is the primary predictable variable. 15. The school innovative management and the teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior can predict the school effectiveness, and “administration and management” is the primary predictable variable. Findings and conclusion in this research could be used as a reference for sahool,board of education and researchers to promote practice in operation and future research.