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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
271

Dirigindo a quimera: a morfologia do trabalho e o adoecimento dos motoristas do transporte coletivo de Goiânia e região metropolitana / Driving to chimera: the morphology of work and the sickness of the collective transport drivers of Goiânia and metropolitan region

Barros, Rafael Aparecido Mateus de 23 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T11:31:37Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Aparecido Mateus de Barros - 2016.pdf: 3182294 bytes, checksum: 89564842cfa856c9908ad360302fba5e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T11:45:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Aparecido Mateus de Barros - 2016.pdf: 3182294 bytes, checksum: 89564842cfa856c9908ad360302fba5e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T11:45:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Rafael Aparecido Mateus de Barros - 2016.pdf: 3182294 bytes, checksum: 89564842cfa856c9908ad360302fba5e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / From the historical and dialectical materialism, methodological fundamentals and theoretical conception, resorted to expedients of qualitative approach to know and understand the vicissitudes and the working conditions of public transportation drivers in Goiânia and the Metropolitan Region. The delimitation of the qualitative approach made it possible to conduct the research through semi-structured interviews with ten subjects connected to the public transportation system of Goiânia, six drivers; two managers and two union members. Content analysis was the technique used to interpret the data. The research is divided into three chapters that form a unit. In the first chapter we try to present a brief panel dedicated to the history of the development of urban public transport in Brazil and in the State of Goiás. We put in relief the socio-historical elements that characterize the transport system and to subsidize the analysis of working conditions for drivers urban public transport. Approach in chapter two the impacts and consequences of the productive restructuring of capital on the world of work, in this chapter we highlight the determination of flexible accumulation achieved in organizational and technological innovations. We characterize the core changes in the work process of the public transportation drivers in Goiania from the inclusion of technological, organizational and institutional innovations. In chapter three, we analyze the process of health-disease of drivers, based on the process of intensification of work, determined by the organization of work of drivers Goiania public transportation. The study found a direct association between working conditions imposed by the companies and the mental suffering of drivers. It may be noted, moreover, that the drivers are at the heart of the conflict between passengers and the urban public transport service provided by the companies, this condition makes them vulnerable to attacks and susceptible to an unbearable workload that generates fear a feeling that accelerates the disease process of transport workers, while submitting the intensification of work by business transport. / A partir do materialismo histórico-dialético, como pressuposto metodológico e concepção teórica, recorremos aos expedientes da abordagem qualitativa para conhecer e compreender as vicissitudes e as condições de trabalho dos motoristas do transporte coletivo em Goiânia e Região Metropolitana. A delimitação da abordagem qualitativa possibilitou a condução da pesquisa através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez sujeitos ligados ao sistema de transporte coletivo de Goiânia: seis motoristas; dois gestores e dois sindicalistas. A análise de conteúdo foi a técnica empregada para interpretação dos dados. A pesquisa está dividida em três capítulos que conformam uma unidade. No primeiro capítulo, procuramos apresentar um sucinto painel dedicado a história do desenvolvimento do transporte coletivo urbano no Brasil e no Estado de Goiás. Colocamos em relevo os elementos sócio-históricos que caracterizam o sistema de transporte e que subsidiam a análise das condições de trabalho dos motoristas do transporte coletivo urbano. Abordamos, no capítulo dois, os impactos e desdobramentos da reestruturação produtiva do capital sobre o mundo do trabalho; neste capítulo salientamos as determinações da acumulação flexível concretizadas nas inovações organizacionais e tecnológicas. Caracterizamos as mudanças centrais no processo de trabalho dos motoristas do transporte coletivo em Goiânia a partir da inserção de inovações tecnológicas, organizacionais e institucionais. No capítulo três analisamos o processo de saúdedoença dos motoristas, fundamentado no processo de intensificação do trabalho, determinado pela organização do trabalho dos motoristas do transporte coletivo de Goiânia. O estudo apontou uma associação direta entre condições de trabalho impostas pelas empresas e o sofrimento psíquico dos motoristas. Pode-se destacar, além disso, que os motoristas estão no centro do conflito entre passageiros e o serviço de transporte coletivo urbano prestado pelas empresas, essa condição os torna vulneráveis a agressões e suscetíveis a uma carga de trabalho insuportável que gera o medo, um sentimento que acelera o processo de adoecimento dos trabalhadores do transporte, ao mesmo tempo em que os submete a intensificação do trabalho pelos empresários do transporte.
272

A redução da jornada de trabalho e seus impactos no direito do trabalho / The working hours reduction and their impacts on labour law

Eliegi Tebaldi 09 January 2013 (has links)
Este estudo é dedicado à análise da redução da jornada de trabalho no Brasil. O trabalho inicia-se por uma narrativa histórica da evolução da jornada de trabalho no mundo e no Brasil. Em seguida, apresenta-se a divergência doutrinária sobre os termos: duração do trabalho, jornada de trabalho e horário de trabalho. São, então, observadas as jornadas especiais de certas categorias profissionais que, por força de circunstâncias particulares da profissão, assumem jornadas de trabalho diferenciadas. Posteriormente, estuda-se a Organização Internacional do Trabalho, suas convenções quanto a jornada de trabalho, bem como a Recomendação 116, sobre a possibilidade da redução progressiva da jornada de trabalho. Por fim, aborda-se a experiência francesa, que diz respeito à redução da jornada de trabalho para 35 horas. Chega-se à conclusão da dissertação, com os argumentos finais e o posicionamento de que a redução da jornada de trabalho, ainda que seja medida essencial para proteção da saúde do trabalhador, não gera emprego e não reduz o desemprego, porém suscita a intensificação do trabalho. / This study is dedicated to the analysis of the working hours reduction in Brazil. The dissertation begins with a historical narrative of the evolution of the working hours in the world and Brazil; with an emphasis on the doctrinal disagreement over the terms: hours of work, working hours and work schedule. Then, it analyzes the working hours for certain professional categories under particular circumstances. Moreover, it studies the International Labour Organization; the conventions and Recommendation 116 about the possibility of progressive working hours reduction. Subsequently, it analyzes the French experience highlighting on the working hours reduction to 35 hours. The dissertation is concluded with the exposition of the final arguments and the position that the working hours reduction does not reduce unemployment and does not increase employment, but cause work intensification. However, it is an essential measure to protect the worker health.
273

Diversidade e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos de bactérias isoladas em pisciculturas com diferentes densidades de estocagem / Diversity and antimicrobial resistance profile of isolated bacteria in fish breeding with different stocking densities

Boufleuer, édela Marisa dos Santos 13 August 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:01:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edela M dos Santos Boufleuer.pdf: 1243031 bytes, checksum: 7e08e3f33bb967a1e04093cb724e3762 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The work aimed to characterize the bacterial diversity and profile of antimicrobial resistance in fish breeding with different densities. Water samples were collected in four points (amount, input, output, and downstream) of nurseries of three fish breeding, each composed of a different stocking density (4 fish by squared meter, 8 fish by squared meter, 10 fish by squared meter). The parameters analized to determine water quality were dissolved oxygen, temperature, water pH, electrical conductivity, phosphorus, ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and organic matter. Heterotrophic mesophilic bacteria were isolated as well as their total amount was determined. Subsequently, the identification of isolated species was carried out and then subject ted to qualitative analysis of front resistance profile to seven commercial antibiotics. The set of physical and chemical variables were summarized in three main components by main component analysis. In the first main component (ammonia, phosphorus, organic matter, water temperature and dissolved oxygen), there was a greater amount in the breeding ground than what was expected, where as the dissolved oxygen was higher than downstream. The second main substance (nitrite) showed a difference if compared to the inside of the breeding grounds, being higher than downstream. The interaction between breeding sites and densities, as well as the main density effect were not significant in the first two components. The third component (electrical conductivity) varied significantly between the sites, making it possible to notice that the amount was lower, and it experienced a signify cant raise inside the breeding ground sand went on to an intermediate value downstream. Concerning the values of density, it was possible to realize that the electrical conductivity was higher in the tanks which had the highest concentration of fish. From the 407 that were isolated, 55 bacterial species were recognized and identified, being part of eleven different families. The Enterobacteriaceae family was the one that prevailed among the evaluated densities, followed by Alcaligenaceae. The stocking density of 4 fish by squared meter presented significant statistical differences, with lower frequence of families. A great amount of resistant bacteria was observed, and their resistance was mainly to ampicillin and erythromycin, while fewer than 15% of the isolated were resistant to chloramphenicol and gentamicin. Among the isolated that were analyzed, 96% showed multiple antimicrobial resistance index higher or equal 0,2. The intensification of systems promoted the increase of bacteria concentration, there wasn't relation to the physical and chemical variables was identified a variety of bacterial species and there was high rate of resistance and multidrug resistance to antimicrobials tested. / O trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar a diversidade bacteriana e o perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos em pisciculturas com diferentes densidades. Foram coletadas amostras de água em quatro pontos (montante, entrada, saída e jusante) de viveiros de três pisciculturas, cada uma composta por uma densidade de estocagem diferente (4 peixes/m2, 8 peixes/m2 e 10 peixes/m2). Os parâmetros analisados para qualidade da água foram oxigênio dissolvido, temperatura, pH, condutividade elétrica, pH, fósforo, amônia, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), demanda química de oxigênio (DQO e matéria orgânica. Também foram isolados e feito a contagem total de bactérias mesófilas heterotróficas. Posteriormente, foi realizada a identificação das espécies isoladas, em seguida submetidas a análise qualitativa do perfil de resistência frente a sete antibióticos comercial. O conjunto de variáveis físicas e químicas foi sumarizado em 3 componentes principais pela análise de componentes principais (ACP). No primeiro componente principal (amônia, fósforo, matéria orgânica e temperatura da água e oxigênio dissolvido) foi identificado valores superiores dentro do viveiro, ao passo que o oxigênio dissolvido foi superior a jusante. O segundo componente principal (nitrito), apresentou diferença em relação ao interior dos viveiros, sendo superior a jusante. Interação entre locais e densidade, bem como efeito principal da densidade não foram significativos no dois primeiros componentes. Já o terceiro componente (condutividade elétrica) variou significativamente entre os locais, observando que foi inferior a montante, sofreu uma elevação significativa no interior dos viveiros e passou a um valor intermediário a jusante. Para as densidades, a condutividade elétrica foi superior nos tanques que apresentaram maiores concentrações de peixes. Dos 407 isolados, identificou-se 55 espécies bacterianas pertencentes a 11 famílias distintas. A família Enterobacteriaceae foi a que predominou dentre as densidades avaliadas, seguida da alcaligenaceae. A densidade de estocagem 4 peixes/m2 apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativa, com menor freqüência de famílias. Observou-se elevado número de bactérias resistentes principalmente à ampicilina e eritromicina, enquanto que menos de 15% dos isolados foram resistentes a gentamicina e cloranfenicol. Dentre os isolados analisados, 96% apresentaram índice de múltipla resistência a antimicrobianos (MAR) maior ou igual a 0,2. A intensificação dos sistemas promoveu o aumento da concentração bacterias, sem relação com as variáveis físicas e químicas, foi identificado uma diversidade de espécies bacterianas e houve alto índice de resistência e multirresistência aos antimicrobianos testados.
274

Modelagem e simulação de colunas de destilação reativa / Modelling and simulation of reactive distillation columns

Steffen, Vilmar 18 February 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:08:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vilmar Steffen.pdf: 1051925 bytes, checksum: 9d709f48cee722e3da025481c9af852b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Reactive distillation is the combination of chemical reaction and separation by distillation in only one equipment (these processes generally take place separately and in sequence in the industries of chemical processes). The integration of these two operations can increase the global performance of the production line. Thus, becomes necessary a previous study of the possibility to join these processes in a single equipment. The tool to start the study on a new process or the optimization of a process in operation is the modeling and simulation. The mathematical models for reactive distillation columns are constituted of a system of non linear equations. Several algorithms for simulation of distillation columns in steady state with different degrees of precision and consequently of difficulties were developed in the last decades. However, these algorithms don't supply a procedure to obtain the initial guesses, that are fundamental for the convergence of the method used to solve the system of non linear equations. In this work was developed an algorithm for the solution of mathematical model that describes the reactive distillation process in columns that operates in steady state. In the developed algorithm was defined a procedure to obtain reasonable initial guesses that facilitates the convergence of the method. The great majority of methods for simulation of distillation column in stead-state solve all the equations simultaneously by a system of non linear equations solution s method. In this work was developed an algorithm step-by-step, to facilitate it s understanding, where the system of non linear equations solution s method is necessary just for the group of equations that models the chemical reactions, so that, two system of non linear equations solution s methods were used, the method of Broyden (a variation of the Newton-Raphson s method) and the homotopy continuation method (or homotopy). The mathematical model was obtained from mass balances, energy balances, sum equations, phase equilibrium and chemical equilibrium or chemical kinetics. The modeling of phase equilibrium is rigorous by means of the calculation of activity and fugacity coefficients, the modeling of the thermal effects is also rigorous by means of the calculation of the residual and excess enthalpies. The developed algorithm was evaluated from examples of the literature and in all cases the obtained results were similar to those found in the literature. / Destilação reativa é a combinação de reação química e separação por destilação em um único equipamento (geralmente estes processos acontecem separadamente e em seqüência nas indústrias de processos químicos). A integração destas duas operações pode aumentar o desempenho global da linha de produção. Desta forma, torna-se necessário um estudo prévio da possibilidade de se reunir estes processos em um só equipamento. A ferramenta para se iniciar o estudo sobre um novo processo ou a otimização de um processo em operação é a modelagem e simulação. Os modelos matemáticos para a coluna de destilação reativa são constituídos de um sistema de equações não lineares. Vários algoritmos para simulação de colunas de destilação em regime permanente com diferentes graus de precisão e consequentemente de dificuldades foram desenvolvidos nas últimas décadas. Entretanto, estes algoritmos não fornecem um procedimento para a obtenção de estimativas iniciais, que são fundamentais para convergência do método utilizado para resolver o sistema de equações não lineares. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um algoritmo para resolução do modelo matemático que descreve o processo de destilação reativa em colunas que operam em regime permanente. No algoritmo desenvolvido definiu-se um procedimento de obtenção de estimativas iniciais razoáveis que facilitem a convergência do método. A grande maioria dos métodos para simulação de coluna de destilação em estado estacionário resolve todas as equações simultaneamente com um método de solução de sistema de equações não lineares. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido um algoritmo passo-a-passo, para facilitar a compreensão do mesmo, onde o método de solução de sistemas de equações não lineares é necessário apenas para o conjunto de equações que modelam as reações químicas, para tal, foram utilizados dois métodos de solução de sistemas de equações não lineares, o método de Broyden (uma variação do método de Newton-Raphson) e o método da continuação homotópica (ou homotopia). O modelo matemático utilizado foi obtido a partir de balanços de massa, balanços de energia, equações de somatória, equilíbrio de fases e equilíbrio químico ou cinética química. A modelagem do equilíbrio de fases é rigorosa por meio do cálculo de coeficientes de atividade e fugacidade, a modelagem dos efeitos térmicos também é rigorosa por meio do cálculo das entalpias residual e de excesso. O algoritmo desenvolvido foi avaliado a partir de exemplos da literatura e em todos os casos os resultados obtidos foram semelhantes àqueles encontrados na literatura.
275

Condições de trabalho docente no contexto confessional comunitário mercantilizado: um estudo de caso / Conditions of teaching in the context commodified confessional community: a case study

Moraes, Maria Laura Brenner de 15 July 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Laura Brenner de Moraes_Tese.pdf: 1773311 bytes, checksum: afca365f51cd10b189f8dda0e1d3ff37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-15 / Numerous requirements, expectations and changes are being put to work teaching in higher education, more specifically, the private network. The teachers have been the target of a series of tensions and conflicts, derived from commodification of higher education due to its expansion and diversification. In this context, individual accountability for the performance of teachers and students of the institution, the focus on the comparison of results between te achers, assist in setting up a professional profile anchored in performances. In this sense, this study analyzes the conditions of teachers' work in the context of Higher Education Confessional Community, more precisely in a University Community Confessional, located in a municipality of the southern area of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The data, available here, were collected, basically, from three types of sources: individual questionnaires, applied to a sample consisting of 28 (twenty-eight) teachers; interviews with 6 (six) teachers, chosen in function of their trajectories and peculiarities in teaching occupation; and written statements of 6 (six) teachers. This procedure allowed for a greater deepening of the objective of the research, which is: to investigate the implications of the adoption of a model of business management competitive, in terms of achievement of the teacher's work, in the context confessional community. The empirical research has demonstrated an intensification more aggressively the teaching work, either through increased and fragmentation of work days, by demand for results, and, still, by greater expenditure intellectual and emotional. Note is clearly an extension of their duties and responsibilities to the students and the institutional context. The conditions for carrying out work beyond being intensified colonize the time/space and subjectivity of teachers, making them responsible both for the solution of institutional ills, such as by not decreasing enrollment, if possible by its increase by improved income of students, as evidenced in the assessments by the State. The imposition of a new administrative culture and academic, based on the combined use of technologies of managerialism and performativity, brought the institution of speeches, capable of constituting new social actors. Thus, teachers are challenged to constitute themselves teachers competent, creative, innovative, seductive and motivating the students, now considered customers of educational services. This all under a permanent state of instability about the future of their professional lives and stay in the institution. / Inúmeras exigências, expectativas e mudanças vêm sendo colocadas ao trabalho docente na educação superior, mais especificamente, da rede privada. O professorado tem sido alvo de uma série de tensões e conflitos, derivados do processo de mercantilização da educação superior decorrente de seu processo de expansão e diversificação. Nesse contexto, a responsabilização individual dos/as docentes pelo desempenho dos/as discentes e da instituição, o foco na comparação de resultados entre docentes, auxiliam a constituição de um perfil profissional ancorado em performances. Nesse sentido, este estudo analisa as condições do trabalho docente no contexto do Ensino Superior Confessional Comunitário, mais precisamente em uma Universidade Confessional Comunitária, localizada em um município da Zona Sul do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados, aqui disponíveis, foram coletados, basicamente, a partir de três tipos de fontes: questionários individuais, aplicados a uma amostra formada por 28 (vinte e oito) docentes; entrevistas realizadas com 6 (seis) docentes, escolhidos/as em função de suas trajetórias e particularidades na ocupação docente; e depoimentos escritos de 6 (seis) docentes. Tal procedimento permitiu maior aprofundamento do objetivo da pesquisa, qual seja: investigar as implicações da adoção de um modelo de gestão empresarial competitivo, nas condições de realização do trabalho docente, no contexto confessional comunitário. A pesquisa empírica demonstrou uma intensificação mais aguerrida do trabalho docente, seja por meio de aumento e fragmentação de jornadas de trabalho, pela exigência de resultados, e, ainda, pelo maior dispêndio intelectual e emocional. Nota-se, claramente, um alargamento de suas tarefas e responsabilidades junto aos discentes e ao contexto institucional. As condições de realização de trabalho além de serem intensificadas, colonizam os tempos/espaços e subjetividade dos/as docentes, tornando-os responsáveis, tanto pela solução das mazelas institucionais, como pela não diminuição de taxas de matrícula, se possível pelo seu aumento, pela melhoria de rendimento dos/as discentes, evidenciada nas avaliações realizadas pelo Estado. A imposição de uma nova cultura administrativa e acadêmica, baseada na utilização combinada das tecnologias de gerencialismo e de performatividade, trouxe consigo a instituição de discursos, capazes de constituírem novos atores sociais. Dessa maneira, os/as docentes são interpelados/as a constituírem-se docentes competentes, criativos/as, inovadores/as, sedutores/as e motivadores dos/as discentes, agora considerados clientes dos serviços educacionais. Isto tudo sob um estado permanente de instabilidade quanto ao futuro de suas vidas profissionais e permanência na instituição.
276

Management, methods and attitudes concerning grassland farming in Northern Germany

Hammes, Verena 03 February 2016 (has links)
No description available.
277

Influence des déformations successives alternées de la paroi sur l'accroissement des performances d'échange d'un tube : application aux échangeurs multifonctionnels / Successive alternate wall deformations effect on the transfer performances of a tube : application to multifunctional heat exchangers

Zambaux, Julie-Anne 28 November 2014 (has links)
Les travaux de thèse sont consacrés à l’étude numérique de l’application de macro-déformations successives alternées a la paroi d’un tube. La modification de l’écoulement du fait des déformations permet de modifier ses propriétés en termes de transfert thermique et de mélange. L’objectif de l’étude d’un tel dispositif est entre autre de l’appliquer pour des configurations d’échangeurs multifonctionnels, qui sont à la fois échangeurs de chaleur et réacteurs chimiques. L’étude s’intéresse principalement aux écoulements laminaires. Les calculs sont réalisés avec le code ANSYS Fluent. L’étude est tout d’abord consacrée à la caractérisation de l’écoulement secondaire créé par les déformations ainsi qu’à l’influence des différents paramètres de déformation. Afin d’améliorer le mélange dans l’écoulement, l’étude d’une configuration coaxiale déformée a été envisagée (cette géométrie correspond de plus à une configuration d’écoulement utilisée dans l’industrie). Deux configurations annulaires ont été considérées. Dans un premier temps, les déformations pariétales ont été appliquées aux tubes interne et externe : différents déphasages longitudinaux et angulaires entre ces deux déformations ont été étudiés pour optimiser les performances thermo-hydrauliques. La seconde configuration combine des déformations sur la paroi externe et un swirl sur la paroi interne de la géométrie. Cette configuration particulière permet en régime laminaire d’augmenter significativement le mélange du fait de l’apparition d’advection chaotique dans l’écoulement. Cette dernière géométrie est appliquée dans le cas d’un échangeur solaire à concentration et permet d’améliorer les performances par rapport à un tube lisse dans des conditions similaires. La dernière partie de l’étude est consacrée à une validation expérimentale des résultats numériques lorsque les déformations sont appliquées à une plaque. Des mesures par PIV et LDA ont été réalisées pour mesurer la vitesse locale de l’écoulement. / The work presented here is focused on the numerical study of specific successive wall deformations in alternate directions, applied to a tubular geometry. Those deformations help modifying the flow structure and thus its heat transfer and mixing properties. One of the main aims of the study is to apply those deformations to multifunctional exchangers which are heat exchangers and chemical reactors at the same time. The study is mainly focused on laminar flows and all the numerical calculations were performed using the CFD code ANSYS Fluent. The first step of the study is to assess the secondary flow created by the wall deformations. The influence of several deformation geometrical parameters has also been studied. In order to enhance the mixing in the deformed tube, the wall deformations have been applied to coaxial configurations (often used in the industry). Two kinds of annular configurations have been evaluated. At first, the wall deformations are applied to the external and internal walls of the coaxial tube. The effect on the heat transfer enhancement of the longitudinal and angular phase-shifting between the two deformations has been specifically assessed. The second configuration considered combines the alternate deformations on its external walls and a swirled internal wall. This particular annular configuration creates chaotic advection in laminar flows, therefore helping increasing the mixing. This geometry is used as a solar captor and helps increasing the global performances when compared with a smooth tube usually used. The last part of the presented work is focused on the experimental validation of the numerical results. Techniques such as PIV and LDA are used to measure local velocity fields in a plane duct with alternate deformations applied to its lower wall.
278

Periurbana jordbrukare i norra Mälardalen och deras uppfattning om begreppen hållbar utveckling och hållbart jordbruk

Thorslund, Mårten January 2017 (has links)
Today, most of us live without a physical understanding of what agriculture does in and for modern societies and what its implications are. This makes it hard to see all the complex facets surrounding the farming practice and its connection to our past, present and future. This study explores how peri-urban farmers experience what they find to be a weak practice of the for them purely theoretical phenomenon of sustainable development. Five in-depth interviews were conducted with unconventional farmers in fertile Swedish agricultural area around Mälardalen. Nearby cities include Stockholm, Enköping and Uppsala. The qualitative empirical study deals with issues of peri-urban agriculture and sustainable intensification of agriculture. But above all describes clusters of how the farmers experience the concept of sustainable development. The methodology of phenomenology is used as a way of experiencing what the farmers express both explicitly and implicitly. By adding the term sustainable farming, a triangulation is done for a sustainable development. Two peer-reviewed studies that launch the terms ecological understanding (Carlsson 1999) and distance moral (Almers 2009), together with the sustainability terms, make a more robust theoretical framework for interpreting a sustainable development. The third peer-reviewed study by Larsson (2016) uses scenario analysis of what an up-scaled agriculture in Polish and three Baltic states could mean for the Baltic sea region.  The scenarios point out the effects of either converting into Ecological Recycling Agriculture (ERA) or to the conventional agriculturarl policy (CAP) as promoted in Sweden and the European Union. The empirical study as well as the peer-reviewed studies mutually find a dissonance between theory and practice between governance, organizations, farmers and consumer behavior when it comes to sustainable farming as well as a sustainable development as defined by the UN (WCED 1987). The study raises how a sustainable intensified farming, SIA, (Rockström 2016) and the theoretical framework of sustainable development could benefit from a higher level of ecological understanding and distance moral. The study also suggests a new term: ecemony, from a semantic merger of the terms economy and hegemony. By ecemony I argue that the economy has been given such prominance by and for us, that it pours through our minds and collective thoughts and governance so that it now constitutes our common senses. / I dagens samhällen lever merparten av befolkningen utan egen djup kunskap om eller praktisk erfarenhet av jordbruk. Det påverkar våra uppfattningar om oss själva och vår plats och roll i samhället. Dagens jordbruk och samhällsutveckling att tätt sammanflätade på gott och ont. De både samverkar och motverkas av respektives effekter i form av dolda kostnader. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur hållbarhetsbegrepp uppfattas av de periurbana jordbrukarna mätt som kvalitativt skilda beskrivningskategorier med fenomenografisk metod. Studien baserar sig på fem semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med periurbana jordbrukare och identifierar deras uppfattningar om hållbarhetsbegreppet som studiens resultat. Studien omfattar förutom egen empiri också begreppen avståndsmoral (Almers 2009) och ekologisk förståelse (Carlsson 1999) genom tidigare forskning. Ytterligare en studie (Larsson 2016) som använts utgår från tre scenarier för hur jordbruk i Östersjöregionen kan bli mer hållbart. Frågeställningarna som valts är: Vad är jordbrukarnas uppfattningar om begreppet en hållbar utveckling? Vilka uppfattningar har de av begreppet ett hållbart jordbruk? Vad har jordbrukarna för tilltro till om hållbarhetsdefinitionen kan förverkligas?  I den empirin och med stöd av dessa studier, framläggs att och hur ekonomin dominerar över de sociala och ekologiska aspekterna inom hållbarhetsbegreppet och hur stora skillnader mellan ord och handling råder inom praxis i hållbarhetsfrågan. Låg förståelse för ekologi och moralfrågor inom hållbarhetsområdet minskar enligt studien sannolikheten för att vi ska kunna uppnå en hållbar utveckling. I diskussionen återknyts till frågeställning och syftet. Där diskuteras även det som framkommer i uppsatsens bakgrund och problembeskrivning exempelvis att samhällets utmaningar i hög grad sammanfaller med jordbrukets. Aktuell forskning liksom den egna empirin pekar på att pedagogiska, etiska och moraliska utmaning väntar våra samhällen. Slutsatsen blir att moral och etikfrågor kan stärka det teoretiska begreppet hållbar utveckling.
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Food security effects of multinational brands crop protection products: Evidence from cotton-wheat zone Punjab, Pakistan

Bilal, Muhammad 10 February 2020 (has links)
No description available.
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COVER CROPPING FOR SUSTAINABLE CO-PRODUCTION OF BIOENERGY, FOOD, FEED (BFF) AND ENHANCEMENT OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES (ES)

Brodrick L Deno (9867779) 18 December 2020 (has links)
Increasing food, feed, fiber, biofuel production on decreasing amounts of arable land while simultaneously enhancing ecosystem services is challenging. Strategic inclusion of winter rye (<i>Secale cereale</i>) for biomass, silage, grain and Kura clover (<i>Trifolium ambiguum</i>) living mulch into existing Midwestern cropping systems may offer alternative economic income for farmers without displacing or reducing yields of primary crops. Research was conducted at the Purdue Water Quality Field Station (WQFS) where net balances of water, carbon, nitrogen, and radiation can be measured, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are monitored. The agronomic performance of a corn-soybean rotation and continuous corn (controls) were compared to novel systems that included the use of rye cover cropping and Kura clover co-cropping. Rye was harvested for biomass/silage at heading immediately followed by corn or soybean planting. Continuous corn receiving 69 kg N ha<sup>-1 </sup>was planted into an establishment of Kura clover sod. Controls included these same systems without the rye or clover. GHG samples were taken via the static chamber method and tile-drained water sub-samples were collected, analyzed for nitrate, and load losses calculated. Biomass composition was determined and used to calculate herbage theoretical ethanol (EtOH) yields. Cereal rye did not significantly decrease corn or soybean grain yield. Averaged across years, Kura clover significantly depressed corn grain yields by nearly 70%. Kura clover significantly reduced flow-weighted tile drainage nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) concentrations, however cereal rye did not. Reductions in flow-weighted tile drainage nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) concentrations were found to largely occur during Quarter two (April, May, June). Cover crops did not significantly reduce annual tile drained NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> load losses in most cases, however, they did significantly reduce annual N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Cumulative annual CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were not significantly altered. Annual CO<sub>2</sub>emissions were higher after the introduction of Kura clover and not significantly altered following the introduction of cereal rye. Averaged across years, theoretical ethanol yields in the Kura clover system produced 2,752 L EtOH ha<sup>-1</sup>, whereas EtOH production in cereal rye systems ranged from 3,245 to 4,210 L EtOH ha<sup>-1</sup>. Theoretical ethanol yields of continuous corn and rotational controls ranged from 2,982 to 3505 L EtOH ha<sup>-1</sup> for these same systems without the cereal rye of Kura clover. These data suggest that a multipurpose approach to cover crop inclusion can provide both environmental and economic advantages worthy of consideration.

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