Sous la pression de l'environnement, les entreprises ont été peu à peu amenées à changer leurs modes d'organisation en confiant de plus en plus d'activités à des prestataires externes. L'externalisation de la logistique est une des tendances fortes de ce mouvement. Cependant, malgré leurs bénéfices prétendus, de nombreux projets d'externalisation de la logistique ne remplissent pas leurs promesses. La cause en revient à une mauvaise anticipation des risques. Bien que la littérature soit riche en modèles théoriques et en études empiriques traitant de la décision d'externalisation, de ses déterminants, de ses facteurs de succès et d'échec, les travaux qui portent sur l'étude et l'anticipation des risques restent relativement rares. Ce travail de recherche s'intéresse au rôle que pourrait jouer la gestion des risques pour favoriser la conduite d'un processus d'externalisation de la logistique. Il repose sur une recherche-intervention mise en oeuvre chez un équipementier aéronautique. Il aboutit à la Proposition d'un processus de gestion intégrée des risques de l'externalisation. Ce modèle met en évidence la nécessité de repenser la manière d'appréhender l'externalisation de la logistique. Il propose une démarche intégratrice permettant de modéliser les différentes phases d'un processus d'externalisation de la logistique en adoptant de nouveaux modes de conception et de reconfiguration qui y intègrent la maîtrise des risques. Ce modèle offre une vision suffisamment globale aux praticiens qui doivent faire face au quotidien à des projets d'externalisation de plus en plus complexes. / Under pressure from the environment, firms were gradually brought to change their modes of organization by entrusting more and more activities to external service providers. The outsourcing of logistics is one of the strong trends of this movement. However, despite their supposed benefits, many logistics outsourcing projects fail to fulfil their promises. The cause goes back to weak risk anticipation. Although the literature is rich in theoretical models and empirical studies dealing with the decision of outsourcing, its determinants, its factors of success and failure, works which focus on the study and anticipating risks remain relatively rare. This research focuses on the potential role of risk management to support the conduct of a process of outsourcing of logistics. It is based on a research-intervention implemented in an aeronautical equipment manufacturer. It leads to the proposal of a model of integrated risk management outsourcing. This model highlights the need to rethink how to approach outsourcing logistics. It offers an inclusive approach to model the different phases of a process of logistics outsourcing by adopting new modes of design and reconfiguration which include the control of risks. This model offers a global vision to managers who face outsourcing projects becoming increasingly complex.

HACE1 est une E3 ubiquitine ligase qui contrôle notamment l’activité de la petite GTPase Rac1 en catalysant son ubiquitination dégradative. Rac1 contrôle de nombreux processus cellulaires tels que l’adhérence, la migration et la prolifération. Aussi, la perte d’expression d’HACE1 dues à des altérations génétiques ou épigénétiques est associée à des pathologies humaines tels que le cancer, des syndromes neurodégénératifs et des maladies développementales. Pourtant, malgré l’importance de HACE1 en physiopathologie, rien n’est connu sur la régulation post-traductionnelle de son activité. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons montré que la serine 385 de HACE1 est phosphorylée par les kinases PAKs de groupe I en réponse à l’activation de Rac1 et de Cdc42. Nous montrons que le mutant phospho-mimetic HACE1(S385E) présente une activité réduite d’ubiquitination de Rac1. De plus, nous mettons en évidence un rôle centrale de la régulation de la Ser-385 par phosphorylation dans l’oligomérisation de HACE1, définissant ainsi les bases moléculaires de la relation entre structure et fonction de HACE1. En parallèle, nous avons déterminé que la perte d’expression d’HACE1 altère la cohésion des jonctions entre cellules épithéliales. Cet effet de dissociation s’apparente à une transition épithelio-mésenchymateuse (EMT) caractérisée par un échange d’expression de la E-cadhérine par la N-cadhérine régulé au niveau transcriptionnel. L’ensemble de ce travail a donc permis de mettre en évidence un mode inédit de régulation par phosphorylation de l’activité de HACE1 contrôlée par les kinases PAK du groupe I, ainsi qu’un rôle majeur de HACE1 dans la régulation de la cohésion cellulaire et l’EMT. / The E3 ubiquitin ligase HACE1 is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis best-characterized for its ability to control the activity of the Rho GTPase Rac1. This GTPase is encoded by an essential gene whose product controls a wide array of cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration and proliferation. Accordingly, the repression of HACE1 expression due to genetic and epigenetic alterations has been associated with numerous pathologies, including cancer, neurodegenerative and developmental diseases. However, nothing is known about the posttranslational regulation of HACE1 activity. Here, we unveiled that HACE1 gets phosphorylated at serine Ser-385 by Group-I Pak kinases in response to Rac1/Cdc42 activation. Mechanistically, we define that the phospho-mimetic mutant HACE1(S385E) displays a lower capacity to ubiquitinate Rac1 in cells. In addition, our work attributes to the phosphorylation of Ser-385 a pivotal role in the state of HACE1 oligomerization, which sets the basis for deciphering the relationship between HACE1 structure and activity. In parallel, we have found that the loss of HACE1 expression leads to the disruption of epithelial monolayer cohesion characterized by disrupted of cell-cell junctions. Accordingly, we determined that loss of HACE1 results in the acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, including a transcriptionally regulated switch of expression between E-cadherin and N-cadherin. Altogether, this work reveals a phospho-mediated regulation of HACE1 activity that is under the control of Group I PAKs and implicates HACE1 in the balance between epithelium integrity versus EMT.

Title: Discovering the Dark Side: A Multiple Case Study of IOMC Instability in Triadic Relationships Authors: Adam Hargrave, Iqra Ashfaq Mian, and Jan Peter van der Zwet Background: Within IORs, knowledge, activities, and resources are increasing shared amongst organisation members to obtain some sort of strategic advantage. Typically, forming a triadic relationship. Therefore, IOMC practices are regularly used to shape, support and control activities across the triadic relationship, but conversely, literature has not explored the instability certain shared IOMC systems can bring to partners through its complexity, triadic complexity, and instability drivers. Therefore, the investigation of IOMC’s instability influence on triadic relationships is investigated to contribute to the academic literature and organisations studied.  Purpose: The purpose for the research conducted is to investigate the shared IOMC in triadic, inter-organisational relationships that influence instability in buyer-supplier triadic relationships. Methodology: A multiple case study has been conducted through semistructured interviews. A critical realism perspective, descriptive-exploratory, and abductive research methodology was enacted. Analysis and Discussion: The multiple cases show that complexities in the from of triadic complexity and IOMC design complexity may lead to the drivers that introduce IOMC instability in the triadic relationships. The literature discussed is linked to the empirical findings and a research model is proposed. Conclusion: The conclusion discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the presented research and possible future research opportunities of IOMC instability in triadic relationships.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is a multi-carrier modulation scheme that provides efficient bandwidth utilization and robustness against time dispersive channels. This thesis deals with self-interference, or the corruption of desired signal by itself, in OFDM systems. Inter-symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter-carrier Interference (ICI) are two types of self-interference in OFDM systems. Cyclic prefix is one method to prevent the ISI which is the interference of the echoes of a transmitted signal with the original transmitted signal. The length of cyclic prefix required to remove ISI depends on the channel conditions, and usually it is chosen according to the worst case channel scenario. Methods to find the required parameters to adapt the length of the cyclic prefix to the instantaneous channel conditions are investigated. Frequency selectivity of the channel is extracted from the instantaneous channel frequency estimates and methods to estimate related parameters, e.g. coherence bandwidth and Root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread, are given. These parameters can also be used to better utilize the available resources in wireless systems through transmitter and receiver adaptation. Another common self-interference in OFDM systems is the ICI which is the power leakage among different sub-carriers that degrades the performance of both symbol detection and channel estimation. Two new methods are proposed to reduce the effect of ICI in symbol detection and in channel estimation. The first method uses the colored nature of ICI to cancel it in order to decrease the error rate in the detection of transmitted symbols, and the second method reduces the effect of ICI in channel estimation by jointly estimating the channel and frequency offset, a major source of ICI.

Together with the EU2020 goals, set in order to increase sustainability, there is an oncoming storm of electrification. The need of Batteries is growing, but Europe is lacking both production and competence in the area. Unrestricted new establishments, so-called “greenfield” ventures are a growing trend, which are often placed in rural areas where recruitment can be difficult. What follows is the necessary collaboration between the greenfield venture itself and local as well as national government to consolidate enough power and competence so that the parties can complete the task at hand. Collaborating between such different organisations are bound to spark conflict and shed light on organisational differences all the while exploring the benefits of the collaborative venture itself. The aim of this research is to investigate which challenges and opportunities arise during the initial phase of an inter-organisational collaboration for a large-scale recruitment effort. Where the main questions to answer were; What challenges can be identified throughout the collaboration? And, what opportunities arise during this collaboration? In order to investigate this, the case of Northvolt-Västerbotten was selected which is the collaborative project that has been established between the Region Västerbotten (RV, regional government of Västerbotten), Skellefteå Municipality, local employment service and Northvolt. This collaboration was studied through continuous observations of 16 project participants, close day-to-day work with the project manager as well as two rounds of interviews with 5 participants. All of which performed through the eyes of a participating researcher. The research concludes, that entering an inter-organisational collaboration means that resources and knowledge from each actor can be shared. When this collaboration takes part between organisations in the public and private sector it can be of further advantage. Differences, while sometimes hard to manage, can if done so successfully be avoided and turned into opportunities. If you manage to combine private and public actors to create a team with clear communication, established trust and aligned goals you can instead utilise the differences and by doing so save money, time and resources. / Tillsammans med EU’s 2020-mål, satta för att öka focus på hållbarhet, finner vi en ankommande storm utav elektrifiering. Behovet av batterier ökar, men Europa saknar både kompetensen och produktionen utav dem. Obehindrade nyetableringar, eller “greenfield”-satsingar är en ökande trend, dessa är ofta placerade i icke-urbana områden där rekrytering kan vara svår. Vad som följer är det nödvändiga samarbetet mellan nyetableringen och lokala så väl som nationella myndigheter för att samla tillräcklig makt och kompetens för att kunna utföra uppgiften. Samarbete mellan sådana olika organisationer kommer allra troligast att föda konflikter och belysa organisationella skillnader allt samtidigt som de utforskar fördelarna med samarbetet. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vilka utmaning och möjligheter som uppstår i uppstartsfasen utav ett inter-organisationellt samarbete för en storskalig rekrytering. Varvid huvudfrågorna att besvara var: • Vilka utmaningar kan identifieras? • Vilka möjligheter uppstår? För att undersöka detta valdes fallet Northvolt-Region Västerbotten ut. Detta är ett samarbetsprojekt som har etablerats mellan Region Västerbotten, Skellefteå kommun, Arbetsförmedlingen och Northvolt. Detta samarbete har studerats genom kontinuerliga observationer utav de 16 deltagande personer, dagligt arbete med projektledaren så väl som två rundor utav intervjuer med 5 deltagare i projektet. Allt genomfört som deltagande forskare. Vi drar slutsatserna att ett inter-organisationellt samarbete innebär att alla medverkande organisationers interna resurser och kunskaper kan utnyttjas gemensamt. När ett sådant samarbete äger rum mellan privata och statligt ägda organisationer kan dessa fördelar bli av extra värde. Skillnader mellan organisationerna, som ibland kan vara svåra att hantera, kan om de hanteras korrekt istället bli till fördelar. Om man kan lyckas att kombinera privata och offentliga organisationer för att skapa ett team med en tydlig kommunikation, etablerat tillförlitlighet och sammanstrålade mål kan man istället utnyttja skillnaderna och på så sätt spara pengar, tid och resurser.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:47:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ADRIANO CIELO DOTTO.pdf: 7287803 bytes, checksum: 81fb9bb825be8efbc19c44cccf41c944 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-09 / This dissertation is aimed on analyzing the role of a general individual inside the inter- American system for protection of the human rights, in order to understand how this individual is subject to rights and duties before the International Rights. More specifically, this work wants to verify an individual's legal capacity to sue inside this regional system, based on the American Convention for Human Rights. Bibliographical-deductive and comparative methods were used, which means this research had an exploratory-qualitative approach. It started by a dogmatic-juridical study and after that the historical study was made, using also the ideas from the logical-semantic constructivism. The historical approach of the human rights was aimed on adding conceptual and fundamental questions, in order to understand the process of internationalization and protection of these rights. In the area of the inter-American regional system, the structure and the functionality of the Inter-American Commission were analyzed, based on four selected real cases, and starting from a completeness point of view of the process, in other words, cases that would allow an analysis of the works of the Commission and the Court. The cases Ximenes Lopes, Nogueira de Carvalho, Sétimo Garibaldi and Escher, all of them against Brazil, allowed observing how the individual accesses the Commission and the step-by-step of a case inside this organism of the American Convention. Following, the structure and the functionality of the American Court were studied, also in regard to the four cases listed above, aimed on analyzing whether the individual has corporate entity, and therefore having the legal capacity to sue under these twoinstitutions: Commission and court. From the individual's lack of being recognized by the Court, the main organism of the inter-American system, a potential failure was detected, regarding the major purpose of this system, which is to promote the enforcement of the human rights inside the inter-American regional context, since these rights will only be fully respected and enforced by actions that truly allow the effective access of the individual to the entities of verification and judgment, turning the individual into a real subject of the international rights. / A presente dissertação busca analisar o papel do indivíduo dentro do sistema interamericano de proteção dos direitos humanos, para, depois, compreendê-lo como sujeito de direitos e deveres frente ao Direito Internacional. Mais especificamente, busca-se verificar o reconhecimento da capacidade processual dos indivíduos dentro desse sistema regional, com respaldo na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos. Utilizaram-se os métodos dedutivo bibliográfico e comparativo, sendo a pesquisa de natureza exploratório-qualitativa. Iniciou-se pelo estudo dogmático jurídico e, em seguida, passou-se ao estudo histórico, adotando-se, ainda, as linhas do construtivismo lógico-semântico. A abordagem histórica a respeito dos direitos humanos, com questões conceituais e fundamentais, visou a compreender o processo de internacionalização dos mecanismos de proteção de tais direitos. No âmbito do sistema regional interamericano, analisou-se a estrutura e o funcionamento da Comissão Interamericana, tendo como objeto quatro casos concretos selecionados a partir de uma idéia de completude do processo, ou seja, casos que permitissem a análise do funcionamento tanto da Comissão quanto da Corte. Os casos Ximenes Lopes, Nogueira de Carvalho, Sétimo Garibaldi e Escher, todos em desfavor do Brasil, permitiram observar o mecanismo de acesso do indivíduo à Comissão e o andamento de um caso na esfera desse órgão da Convenção Americana. Em seguida, estudou-se a estrutura e o funcionamento da Corte Interamericana, também à luz dos quatro casos mencionados, com vistas a analisar se o indivíduo é dotado de personalidade jurídica, portanto detentor de capacidade processual, no âmbito de tais instituições: Comissão e Corte. Tendo em vista a falta de reconhecimento dessa personalidade no âmbito da Corte, principal órgão do sistema interamericano, detectou- se uma falha potencial no que se refere à principal finalidade do sistema, qual seja, promover a observância dos direitos humanos no contexto regional interamericano, uma vez que tais direitos só poderão ser plenamente respeitados por meio de medidas que permitam o acesso efetivo do indivíduo aos seus órgãos de verificação e julgamento, elevando-o à condição de verdadeiro sujeito de direito internacional.

Neste trabalho apresentamos a determinação autoconsistente da constante de interação spin-órbita em heteroestruturas com duas sub-bandas. Como recentemente proposto, ao obter o hamiltoneano de um sistema com duas sub-bandas na aproximação de massa efetiva, constata-se a presença de um acoplamento inter-subbanda que não se anula mesmo em heteroestruturas simétricas. Apresentamos aqui as deduções teóricas que levaram à proposição desse novo acoplamento e mostramos o cálculo autoconsistente da intensidade do acoplamento e a comparamos com a intensidade do acoplamento Rashba, já amplamente estudado. Discutimos o método k.p e a Aproximação da Função Envelope e mostramos a obtenção do modelo de Kane 8x8 para semicondutores com estrutura zincblende. Aplicamos o método do \"folding down\'\' ao hamiltoneano de Kane isolando o setor correspondente à banda de condução. Escrevemos dessa forma um hamiltoneano efetivo para a banda de condução no contexto de um poço quântico com uma barreira. Através da projeção desse hamiltoneano nos dois primeiros estados da parte orbital verifica-se o surgimento de um acoplamento inter-subbanda. Finalmente escrevemos o hamiltoneano efetivo 4x4 que descreve as duas primeiras subbandas de um poço quântico e obtivemos seus autoestados e autoenergias. Finalmente fizemos o cálculo autoconsistente das funções de onda e energias de um gás de elétrons em poços quânticos simples e duplos através da aproximação de Hartree e a partir desses resultados determinamos o valor da constante de acoplamento Rashba e da nova constante inter-subbanda. Entre os resultados obtidos destacam-se o controle elétrico da constante de acoplamento inter-subbanda através de um eletrodo externo e um efeito de renormalização da massa efetiva que pode chegar até 5% em algumas estruturas. / In this work we present the self-consistent determination of the spin-orbit coupling constant in heterostructure with two subbands.As recently proposed, the effective hamiltonian for the conduction band in the effective mass approximation contains an inter-subband spin-orbit coupling which is non-zero even for symmetric heterostructures. We present the theoretical derivation which leads to this proposal and show a selfconsistent determination of the coupling constant. We also compare the magnitude of the new coupling constant with the usual Rashba coupling. Starting with a discussion of the k.p method and the Envelope Function Approximation (EFA) we show the derivation of the 8x8 Kane model for semiconductors with zincblende structure. We then apply the \"folding down\'\' method, isolating the conduction band sector of the EFA hamiltonian. By projecting this hamiltonian in the first two states of the orbital part, we find an effective 4x4 hamiltonian that contains an inter-subband spin orbit coupling. The eingenvalues and eigenvectors of this hamiltonian are shown and, specializing the model for single and double quantum wells, we self-consistently determine the inter-subband and Rashba coupling constants in the Hartree approximation. The results indicate the possibility of electrical control of the coupling constant and show an effective mass renormalization effect that can be up to 5% in some cases.

Improving product development is a complex task for many companies. One challenge is to avoid over-engineering and only include the functionality that customers are willing to pay for. Another challenge is to reduce costs in close co-operation with suppliers. This is a complex task because suppliers often have their own goals and are rarely located at the same physical place. Handling these two challenges is the domain of target costing. Emerging first from Japanese companies such as Toyota, Nissan and Olympus, target costing has become a critical element in achieving long-term profitability. Previous research on target costing has been paradoxical because even though it deals with product development, it has not incorporated the complexity of the product development process. More specifically, current models of target costing assume that the product development process can largely be planned and controlled by a single company. For complex multi-technology products, such as airplanes and industrial robots, this is far from true. By drawing on product development theories, and conducting an in-depth case study at ABB Robotics, this thesis explores target costing in the development of complex multi-technology products. The result is a framework that identifies challenges and problems in target costing processes, but also shows that target costing relies on both planning and improvisation to cope with tensions and contradictions in close customer and supplier relationships. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2011

Cette recherche doctorale s’intéresse à la gestion de la précarité par les collectivités territoriales, au travers des relations nouées avec le tissu associatif local. L’exploration théorique de ces liens conduit tout d’abord à relever la triple contribution de ces relations inter-organisationnelles à la gestion locale de la précarité (une aide aux précaires plus complète, un meilleur repérage de la précarité, un meilleur savoir et savoir-faire en matière de publics précaires). Elle conduit ensuite à relever l’importance des interactions entre la nature de la relation collectivité territoriale – associations (au travers des comportements d’engagement et de confiance qui la définissent) et les modes de contrôle inter-organisationnel mobilisés dans ces relations. L’influence de ces interactions sur la force de la contribution des relations observées à la lutte contre la précarité est alors révélée. La recherche empirique conduit à s’intéresser plus particulièrement aux relations nouées entre une mairie française et les associations qu’elle subventionne afin de pallier la précarité sur son territoire. Une démarche qualitative reposant sur l’analyse de contenu d’entretiens semi-directifs permet de dépeindre largement leurs liens. Une classification hiérarchique des relations étudiées permet d'aboutir à une typologie en trois familles des relations mairie-associations dans la gestion locale de la précarité. / This dissertation focuses on relationships between local authorities and local associations as a means of dealing with precariousness. The theoretical exploration of these partnerships leads us firstly to point out the triple contribution of those inter-organizational relationships to the local management of precariousness (in the form of more complete support for precarious people, better identification of precariousness, and better knowledge and expertise concerning the precarious public). It then brings us to highlight the importance of interactions between the nature of the relationship of local authorities with local associations (through commitment-trust behaviors) and the inter-organizational forms of control used in those relationships. Those interactions’ influence on the contribution’s strength of the observed relationships to the local management of precariousness is then revealed. The empirical research concentrates on the relationships between a French municipality and its associations to overcome precariousness on their territory. A qualitative approach based on a content analysis of semi-directive interviews helps paint an accurate picture of their links. A hierarchical classification of the studied relationships allows to end in a typology in three families of French municipality-associations relationships in the local management of precariousness.