The subjects of ‘youth’, ‘substance use’ and ‘homelessness’ are interconnected, but only a relatively small number of studies have examined the relationships between all three components. Literature highlights how homeless substance users are constructed as ‘vulnerable’ – yet ‘deviant’. Furthermore, academics have examined how people manage the ascribed identities of ‘substance user’ and ‘homeless’ as well as that of ‘youth’. According to sociologists, people’s self-identities and actions develop as a consequence of interactions with their socio-spatial worlds. Therefore, it is useful to contextualise the act of substance use within these complex interactions. This thesis explores the meanings and contexts of young, homeless people’s substance use. Data were obtained through an ethnographic study conducted in a homeless hostel over a seven month period in 2013 in which twenty-two young people (aged 16-21) and twenty-seven staff members participated. The majority of data were derived from participant-observation encompassing 200-250 informal interactions with the young people and 100-120 interactions with staff along with observations of people’s actions and descriptions of events and appearances. The field-notes were supplemented by four semi-structured interviews and a focus group, involving a total of eleven young people. Drawing on theories underpinned by symbolic interactionist and phenomenological philosophies, three overarching dimensions of the young people’s experiences were identified as important to their substance use and wider lives. First, the young people engaged in ‘place-making’ actions (including substance use) to personalise spaces within the tightly controlled environment of the hostel. Secondly, substance use was interwoven with the relationships that the young people held with their families, friends and the staff. The ‘pro-drug’ voices of their friends and relatives were arguably stronger than the ‘anti-drug’ voices of the staff. Thirdly, the categories of ‘youth’ and ‘substance user’ were recognised by the participants as pertaining to them, whereas the ‘homeless’ label was relatively meaningless. The thesis concludes that to understand people’s substance use experiences, it is important to consider the socio-spatial contexts within which they are located, particularly when these are temporary.

The purpose of this paper is to synthesize literatures on stress, social support, symbolic interaction, and de Certeau as they pertain to the recovery of a homosexually-identified individual from a homophobic interaction. A model of the initial stressful interaction as well as the interaction between a homosexually-identified individual and his socially-supportive network is posited with the consumption of culturally-disseminated roles and the salience of role-identities as the mechanisms by which it works. The model is then considered as a form of resistance in the light of broader gay liberation social movements. The study focuses on white, middle-class, American, homosexually-identified males in order to control for variations that might occur from variables of race, class, nationality, and gender. Queer theoretical, essentialist, and postpositivist realist perspectives on identity are considered. The thesis concludes with possible future directions for an empirical study using the model outlined above.

The purpose of this qualitative study is to understand how the professions within the human service organization experience and describe inter-professional collaboration. The questions that the study discusses is the negative versus positive aspects that inter-professional collaboration entails and what conditions that are necessary for such cooperation to work.   The results are analysed with the help of Blumers (1969) theory of symbolic interactionism and Goffmans (2014) theory of team and appearance. The empirical material for the study is collected from semi-structured interviews with eight informants: two counsellors from the neuropsychiatric unit, two counsellors from kids and youth psychiatry, one counsellor and one sexologist from the youth clinic and three school nurses from different schools. The studies informants find that the inter-professional collaboration is crucial for the care that is provided for the patients. The informants believe that the consequences of non-cooperation would be longer treatments, misconceptions among the professionals and reduced overall visibility of patients' needs. The difficulties that the studies informants find with the cooperation are mainly the cooperation between different organizations. The difficulties include the different routines, loyalties, laws and objectives that organizations have. The conditions that the studies informants think is needed for a working inter-professional collaboration are effective communication, knowledge about each others professions, the staff’s willingness to cooperate and to increase learning about inter-professional collaboration.

This thesis explores the political discourse´s portrayal of elderly needs in Sweden, as well as discourses the lived effects on the elderly population. The study is guided by the following research questions 1) What is the current political discourses construction of elderly´s needs? And 2) How could this discourse affect the elderly population? To fulfil the purpose and answer the research questions the study utilizes a critical discourse analysis. The study also employs a wide theoretical foundation with central concepts deriving both from a general sociological tradition, such as symbolic interactionism. As well as more specialized gerontological theories, such as ageism and structured dependency. By using a thematic analysis as well as a synthesising analysis the study provided both an in-depth and collected depiction of the discourse on elderly needs as well as its lived effects. The analysis found four thematics of interest, a) Emotional needs b) elderly´s need of others c) organizational needs and d) basic amenities. All of which were characterized by a dystopian and ageist portrayal of old age. Seemingly based on ageist stereotypes rather than the characteristics of the actual demographic. Similarly, the overall narrative showed that elderly where portrayed as a homogenized collective of others. The narrative also depicted elderly as a very simple, dependant and burdensome demographic. The lived effects were varied under the thematic analysis, these could be characterized under two overarching trends. Firstly, the risk that elderly embrace the dystopian role depicted in the discourse. Secondly the discourses skewed portrayal of elderly can lead to less effective and potentially destructive policies and resource allocation.

O contexto social de pobreza exige práticas efetivas para a garantia de qualidade e segurança alimentar de crianças, entre elas a amamentação. No entanto, os índices de aleitamento materno entre populações de baixa renda não se mostra promissor, indicando a necessidade de se conhecer como se dá o processo de prática do aleitamento materno em comunidades que vivenciam a pobreza. Este estudo teve os objetivos: Compreender o significado de amamentar e como se desenvolve a prática de amamentação da mulher moradora da Comunidade Mangabeira, próxima ao aterro sanitário da cidade de Arapiraca-Alagoas. Adotou-se o método qualitativo, tendo como referencial teórico o Interacionismo Simbólico, Modelo Pesando Riscos e Benefícios; a estratégia do DSC para organização dos dados. Foram coletados dados quantitativos para caracterização biológica e social da mulher e sobre a prática de amamentação, que ampliaram, de forma descritiva, o entendimento da experiência de amamentação das 35 mulheres participantes do estudo, residentes na comunidade, que sobrevivem da catação de material reciclado e que tinham tido a experiência de amamentar pelo menos um de seus filhos. Os resultados mostram que elas têm baixa escolaridade e renda não superior a dois salários mínimos, a média de idade é 36,2 anos, com taxa de fecundidade de 4,2 filhos por mulher. Apenas 58,3% das mulheres referem ter amamentado exclusivamente seus filhos e a mediana de AM é 22,3 meses, sendo maior que a mediana para os estados do Nordeste. Com base nos dados qualitativos, emergiram três temas explicativos da experiência de amamentar: Determinada a amamentar: do saber à necessidade; Prática de amamentar: cuidado familiar e coletivo; Fragilidades na valorização da amamentação. A amamentação é utilizada como recurso contra a fome do recém-nascido, pois dificilmente as mulheres conseguem adquirir alimentos de outras fontes, mas ao mesmo tempo o aleitamento materno mostra uma prática frágil do pondo de vista das escolhas dessas mulheres, podendo ser substituído por outro alimento quando é possível obtê-lo. Essa prática está sujeita à condição e disponibilidade física e emocional da mulher para amamentar, apesar de reconhecida a sua importância para suprir a necessidade da criança. Não sendo valorizada pela sua importância em si, a amamentação é vista como uma experiência normal, previsível e habitual, a ser incorporada no seu cotidiano enquanto for possível ou necessária. O significado da amamentação para essas mulheres mostra-se como sendo uma experiência nem boa, nem ruim, mas apenas normal. Considerações finais: Além de medidas sociais de distribuição de benefícios para as famílias carentes, urge o acompanhamento de mães e lactentes dessas famílias, para garantir a valorização e oportunidade do AME e práticas que favoreçam a segurança alimentar de crianças e adultos que vivem em situações de extrema pobreza como as aqui retratadas. / The social context of poverty demands effective practices to assure nutritional quality and safety for children, including breastfeeding. Nevertheless, breastfeeding rates in low-income populations are far from promising, pointing at a need to identify how breastfeeding is carried out in poor communities. The objectives of the present study were: to understand the meaning of breastfeeding and how it takes place among the women living in the Mangabeira Community, located near the municipal sanitary landfill of Arapiraca, Alagoas state, Brazil. The qualitative method was used, with Symbolic Interactionism and the Weighing Risks and Benefits Model as the theoretical frameworks; and the Corporate Sustainable Development strategy was used to organize the data. Quantitative data were collected for the biological and social characterization of the women and of the breastfeeding practice. Through a descriptive approach, this analysis improved the understanding of the breastfeeding experience of the 35 study subjects. The participants were women living in the referred community, who survive by collecting recyclable material, and who had breastfed at least one of their children. The results reveal that the women have a low education level, income of two minimum salaries or less, mean age of 36.2, and a fecundity rate of 4.2 children per woman. Only 58.3% of the women reported having exclusively breastfed their children, and the breastfeeding median was 22.3 months, i.e., higher than that of Brazilian Northeastern States. Based on the qualitative data, three explanatory themes emerged from the breastfeeding experience: Determined to breastfeed: from knowing to needing; The breastfeeding practice: family and collective care; Weaknesses in valuing breastfeeding. Breastfeeding is used as a resource against the newborns hunger, as the women face difficulties to obtain food from any other sources. Breastfeeding is also noticed as a fragile practice from the standpoint of the womens choices, as it can be replaced when other alternatives are available, and is subject to the womans physical and emotional conditions, regardless it being acknowledged as important in meeting the childs needs. Because the importance of breastfeeding is undervalued, it is seen as a common, predictable and habitual experience, which is incorporated in ones everyday life whenever possible or needed. The meaning of breastfeeding to these women is revealed as being a merely common experience, one that is neither good nor bad. Conclusions: In addition to the social measures to provide benefits for poor families, there is an urgent need to follow the mothers and breastfeeding women of these families, so as to assure the valorization and opportunity of exclusive breastfeeding and the practices that favor the nutritional safety of children and adults living in extreme poverty, as those described herein.

[pt] Desenvolvido como estudo fenomenológico-hermenêutico, o trabalho que se passa a apresentar busca ampliar a compreensão acerca das experiências interativas sócio- técnicas que têm os participantes dos encontros de serviços com a iluminação ambiental oferecida pelos cenários das empresas. Para tanto, conduziu-se uma revisão bibliográfica focada na visão das lojas de serviços como construções espaciais de uma representação na qual o ambiente físico da empresa constitui o cenário de um espetáculo teatral em que a luz torna-se um elemento primordial. Seguindo uma perspectiva simultaneamente interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, recorreu-se às disciplinas da Biologia, da Medicina, da Óptica Física, da Física Quântica, da Psicologia Ambiental, da Antropologia, da Semiótica, da Arquitetura e das Artes Cênicas para acessar as principais construções teóricas acerca da luz e para empreender esforços no sentido de responder à desordem de pesquisa. Realizou-se também um estudo de campo em lojas temáticas de serviços, nas quais foram realizadas observações e entrevistas de base qualitativa junto àqueles que experimentaram o fenômeno que se estava examinando. Em acordo com os preceitos da análise de conteúdo e da análise interparticipante, os depoimentos foram interpretados, classificados e utilizados para gerar proposições, as quais foram submetidas a um grupo de cinco informantes-chave e, posteriormente, oferecidas como possibilidades de se chegar a uma melhor compreensão das experiências dos participantes dos encontros de serviços com a luz. / [en] Taking up a phenomenological-hermeneutical approach, this dissertation seeks both to widen as well as to improve the ways through which people participating in service encounters interact with environmental lighting. In this sense, the literature review focussed servicescapes as spatial representations whereby the physical environment of a service firm supports a drama where light is a crucial element. According to a standpoint which is both inter- and transdisciplinary, contributions from several disciplines - e. g. Biology, Medecine, Optical Physics, Quantic Physics, Environmental Psychology, Anthropology, Semiotics, Architecture and Scenic Arts - have been brought about to give access to the most relevant theories about light as well as to start filling up some extant research gaps. The field study was developed in thematic service stores. Both direct observation and qualitative interviews allowed to collect information from participants who had experienced one or more interactions as conceived in this study. Following basic principles from Content Analysis and Interparticipant Observation, the interviews were interpreted, classified and then used to generate several research propositions. The propositions were then analysed by 5 referees in order to be finally presented as propositive guidelines to a better understanding of lighting experiences during service encounters.

Esta pesquisa visa reconstituir as dinâmicas de acesso ao Ensino Superior de jovens de frações relativamente privilegiadas das camadas populares, ingressantes em um cursinho popular localizado na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo. Em primeiro lugar, o estudo busca delinear e compreender a gênese social tanto das aspirações de ingresso no Ensino Superior quanto das dificuldades e barreiras subjetivamente experienciadas por esses jovens ao longo de suas tentativas de acesso ao sistema universitário. Além de evidenciar quais condicionamentos e modulações específicas dos processos de socialização e de escolarização, a que esses jovens foram submetidos, podem enraizar trajetórias bem sucedidas de acesso ao nível universitário, o estudo busca, igualmente, demonstrar como as diferentes redes de relações em que esses jovens encontram-se inseridos podem se refletir em diferentes estilizações de seus modos de experimentação da condição juvenil. Por fim, a natureza eminentemente política da iniciativa também conduziu o estudo à investigação dos modos como afinidades ou dissonâncias entre as origens e trajetórias dos professores e alunos do cursinho estruturam as dinâmicas interacionais a partir das quais pode ocorrer a transmissão das visões políticas de mundo e dos destinos universitários e ocupacionais que esses professores buscam projetar sobre seus alunos. / This work aims to reconstruct the educational and social trajectories of underprivileged students in their attempts to access Higher Education by attending a free-tuition prep course, located in the north of the city of Sao Paulo. First, the study seeks to delineate and understand the social genesis of both the aspirations towards Higher Education and the difficulties and barriers subjectively experienced by these students. Besides evidencing the specific conditions that might pave the way of these students towards what they acknowledge as successful paths, the study also seeks to demonstrate how the different peer groups in which they are engaged can be reflected in their different ways of experiencing their transitions to adulthood. Finally, the thick political atmosphere that characterizes the initiative has also conducted the study to investigate how affinities or dissonance between the origins and trajectories of the students, on one side, and the teacher of this prep course, on the other structure the interactional dynamics from which the transmission of political dispositions, as well as the inclinations towards determined career paths (in both the university system and the job market), can be observed.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-04-18T11:33:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Maria Baltieri Souza.pdf: 28106620 bytes, checksum: 203f1fb58a97fbafa40f5ec62b9a7382 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-18T11:33:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Angela Maria Baltieri Souza.pdf: 28106620 bytes, checksum: 203f1fb58a97fbafa40f5ec62b9a7382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This text discusses the results of a study based on written productions of the genre Literary Memories of the finalists of the Olimpíada de Língua Portuguesa Escrevendo o Futuro – 2014. The objective of this study was to analyze the language in a real life communication and to identify how these authors describe and how they are guided to discuss where they live, including their own experience. An articulation between the Theory of Social Representations and Sociodiscursive Interactionism and the material which gave support to comprehend the possibilities and limitations of both theories. The theme Literary Memories (written production) of students, was to comprehend the images, the discourses and linguistics representations of the written process. Through this Theory of Social Representations, genre studies and Sociodiscursive Interactions, the study with the theme “Where I live” allowed an analyses of the voice of the subject (students), his interpersonal relationship (I/other/world/we/family/community) in the text, considering the processes to the final written production. The use of the software Alceste (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d. um Ensemble de Segments de Texte)), a program of textual analysis that aims to quantify and extract the most significant structures, supported the analysis of the texts and allowed a deep qualitative and quantitative study. In the qualitative analyses, it was possible a written psychoanalysis. Through this analyses, in two dimensions, it was possible to observe that the student/author brings elements of the past from the other, values the feelings of the time and at the same time talks about the place where he lives prioritizing the subject/author to describe the place where he lives, It values a rural Brazil located in a distant past, far from the childhood of those who are talking about it. It also showed the written production context (physical context and social subjective) of the subject action. The study allows teachers to reflect and discuss on how a written production process about the place where students live, provided by the interviews which were resources from former residents can enhance students´ own experience. Discuss the past of the other, integrating and valuing your own present, considering it while integrating it to the future / O texto apresentado discute os resultados do estudo realizado, a partir de produções textuais do gênero Memórias Literárias de alunos/autores e finalistas da Olimpíada de Língua Portuguesa Escrevendo o Futuro – 2014. Objetivou-se analisar a linguagem expressa em uma situação de comunicação real, identificar como esses autores descrevem e estão sendo orientados a discutir o lugar em que vivem, incluindo também a sua própria experiência. No presente estudo, buscando uma articulação entre a Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS) e Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD), elegeu-se um material didático, construído com o suporte teórico do ISD para compreender as possibilidades e os limites dessas duas teorias. Escolheu-se o gênero Memórias Literárias (produção escrita) dos alunos, buscando compreender as imagens, os discursos e as representações linguísticas do processo de produção textual. Mediante um referencial postulado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais, estudos de gêneros textuais e Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, o estudo permitiu, com a temática “O lugar onde vivo”, analisar a voz do sujeito (aluno), suas relações interpessoais/marcas de convivência (relação eu/outro/mundo/nós/família/comunidade) no texto, considerando os processos para chegar à produção textual. O emprego do software Alceste (Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d’ um Ensemble de Segments de Texte), um programa de análise de dados textuais cuja finalidade é quantificar e extrair as estruturas mais significativas, apoiou a análise dos textos e possibilitou aprofundar os estudos quantitativos e qualitativos. Na abordagem qualitativa, também, realizou-se a análise psicolinguística das produções. Por essas análises, em duas dimensões, foi possível observar que o aluno/autor traz elementos do passado do outro, valorização dos sentimentos da época e descrição do tempo para falar do lugar onde vive, revelando a priorização do texto do sujeito/autor para descrever o lugar em que vive, valorizando um Brasil rural, localizado em um passado distante, longe da infância de quem o está vivendo. Também facultou revelar o contexto de produção (contexto físico e sociossubjetivo) do agir do sujeito. O estudo oferece ao professor a reflexão sobre como discutir a realização de uma produção textual, sobre o lugar em que vive o aluno, contando com recursos de entrevista de antigos moradores, sem desconsiderar a experiência e vivência do próprio aluno. Discutindo o passado do outro, inter-relacionando e valorizando o seu próprio presente, integrando-o na sua construção de futuro

Esta pesquisa visa reconstituir as dinâmicas de acesso ao Ensino Superior de jovens de frações relativamente privilegiadas das camadas populares, ingressantes em um cursinho popular localizado na zona norte da cidade de São Paulo. Em primeiro lugar, o estudo busca delinear e compreender a gênese social tanto das aspirações de ingresso no Ensino Superior quanto das dificuldades e barreiras subjetivamente experienciadas por esses jovens ao longo de suas tentativas de acesso ao sistema universitário. Além de evidenciar quais condicionamentos e modulações específicas dos processos de socialização e de escolarização, a que esses jovens foram submetidos, podem enraizar trajetórias bem sucedidas de acesso ao nível universitário, o estudo busca, igualmente, demonstrar como as diferentes redes de relações em que esses jovens encontram-se inseridos podem se refletir em diferentes estilizações de seus modos de experimentação da condição juvenil. Por fim, a natureza eminentemente política da iniciativa também conduziu o estudo à investigação dos modos como afinidades ou dissonâncias entre as origens e trajetórias dos professores e alunos do cursinho estruturam as dinâmicas interacionais a partir das quais pode ocorrer a transmissão das visões políticas de mundo e dos destinos universitários e ocupacionais que esses professores buscam projetar sobre seus alunos. / This work aims to reconstruct the educational and social trajectories of underprivileged students in their attempts to access Higher Education by attending a free-tuition prep course, located in the north of the city of Sao Paulo. First, the study seeks to delineate and understand the social genesis of both the aspirations towards Higher Education and the difficulties and barriers subjectively experienced by these students. Besides evidencing the specific conditions that might pave the way of these students towards what they acknowledge as successful paths, the study also seeks to demonstrate how the different peer groups in which they are engaged can be reflected in their different ways of experiencing their transitions to adulthood. Finally, the thick political atmosphere that characterizes the initiative has also conducted the study to investigate how affinities or dissonance between the origins and trajectories of the students, on one side, and the teacher of this prep course, on the other structure the interactional dynamics from which the transmission of political dispositions, as well as the inclinations towards determined career paths (in both the university system and the job market), can be observed.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T18:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo principal deste estudo é caracterizar como duas docentes de Língua Portuguesa, atuantes no Ensino Médio público, representam o próprio agir como profissionais do ensino. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir da experimentação de uma nova metodologia para a produção textual – organização de uma seqüência didática a partir da perspectiva dos gêneros textuais (Schneuwly & Dolz, 2004)– que serviu como motivação para uma auto-reflexão do docente sobre sua atuação durante sessão de autoconfrontação (Clot, 1999/2006). A conjugação de duas perspectivas firma a base teórica deste projeto: o quadro epistemológico do ISD; e os estudos ergonômicos propostos pela Clínica da Atividade (Clot, 1999/2006; Clot e Faïta, 2000). A escolha do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD) como base teórico-filosófica principal se consolida com o objetivo de mudar o conceito sobre o texto na sala de aula de língua materna, além de aprofundar o foco de estudo do agir docente como trabalho através das dimensões que o constituem. / The main aim of this study is characterize how two teachers of Portuguese who work in a public High School represent their own acting as teaching professionals. This research was developed from the experiment of a new writing methodology – the organization of a didactic sequence from the text genre perspective (Schneuwly & Dolz, 2004) – which enrolled a motivation a motivation for a teacher’s self-reflection during the self-confrontation mode (Clot, 1999/2006). The conjugation of two perspectives compounds the theoretical basis for this project. The Socio-discursive Interactionism (ISD) epistemological frame; and the ergonomical studies proposed by The Activity Clinic (Clot, 1999/2006; Clot e Faïta, 1999). The choice of the Socio-discursive Interactionism as the main philosophical and theoretical basis is justified by the goal of changing the current text concept in Portuguese as a Native Language classrooms, besides deepen the focus on studies which consider the teaching acting as an occupation throught it