Jealousy is understood as a system of physiological, behavioral, and emotional responses, yet few studies have examined these aspects of jealousy simultaneously in infants. Further, jealousy paradigms have not been examined as a potential stressor in infancy and thus typical cortisol reactivity and regulation patterns in response to jealousy paradigms have not been observed. In addition, the contribution of attachment security to infant expressions of jealousy has been vastly understudied. The present study seeks to fill the current gaps in the infant jealousy literature by investigating quantitative and qualitative changes in infant jealousy across the first two years of life. Data was collected longitudinally and mother- infant dyads were asked to participate when infants were 12- months and 24-months of age. Associations between behavioral jealousy responses, baseline EEG activity, stress reactivity and attachment security were examined. Differences in approach behaviors and behavioral arousal were found across conditions and were consistent with previous studies (Hart & Carrington, 2002; Mize & Jones, 2012). Findings relating to EEG activity pointed to a relationship between left EEG asymmetry and global approach behaviors across time. Cortisol reactivity was found to be associated with attachment security but reactive cortisol concentrations compared to baseline cortisol concentrations do not indicate that the paradigm was an effective stressor. Attachment security was found to be associated with proximity behaviors in 12- month olds but not 24-month olds. Finally, a linear regression revealed that attachment security, EEG asymmetry, and cortisol reactivity at 12-months are significant predictors of behavioral jealousy responses at 24-months. Changes in behavioral and physiological measures across time indicate that jealousy continues to develop during the second year of life but may have different underlying processes than the processes that contribute to jealousy expression in 12-month-olds. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valeria Centeville.pdf: 701630 bytes, checksum: 508304e1068914f119683f946807007b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-16 / The objectives of this study are to comprehend how male pathological jealousy expresses itself in a patriarchal culture and also to understand psychological aspects involved in the dynamics of such disturbance, especially the emotional complexes. The bibliographical research has revealed the existence of many essays linking male jealousy to violence against women particularly in a domestic context. Definitions of jealousy from important authors such as Adler (1967), Alberoni (1988), Freud (1976), Klein and Riviere (1975) and the American Psychiatric Association s DSM-IV - Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (1994) have been researched. Books and articles of Jungian and neo-Jungian scholars were also examined, only to find Carlos Byington (2006), the creator of the Symbolic Psychology, description of jealousy. Still based on this theoretical approach to male pathological jealousy I came across Grinberg s essay (2000). In the last stages of the bibliographical research specific attention was given to how the term jealousy was accounted for throughout Carl Gustav Jung s work. To illustrate such a condition certain films were considered and selected, Claude Chabrol´s 1994 production L enfer being the most representative. It was interpreted based on Jung s Analytical Psychology and on the information pertaining to the patriarchal culture. Allowing us to conclude that the characteristics and emotions most commonly associated with the male pathological jealously are: power and possession, the desire for dominion over the loved one, love and rivalry, fear of loss, exclusive love and feelings of inferiority; the inability to surmount the Oedipus complex as a structure, the presence of a maternal and/or paternal complex, the repression of the feminine principle and the resulting psychic disequilibrium are the constituent factors associated with the male pathological jealousy. This kind of affection is generally related to paranoia. I propose to consider the hypothesis that culture and patriarchal values, when unilateral, intensify pathological jealousy since what s most revealing of the psychotic jealous extreme behavior is precisely the need to control others and maintain dominance over them / Os objetivos deste estudo são: compreender como o ciúme patológico masculino se expressa na cultura patriarcal e entender os aspectos psicológicos envolvidos na dinâmica do ciúme patológico, especialmente os complexos. O resultado do levantamento bibliográfico mostrou que existem muitos trabalhos que associam o ciúme masculino à violência contra a mulher, especialmente no contexto doméstico. Foram pesquisadas definições de ciúme formuladas por autores importantes como Adler (1967), Alberoni (1988), Freud (1976), Klein e Riviere (1975) e do DSM-IV - manual diagnóstico e estatístico de transtornos mentais (1995). Livros e artigos de autores junguianos e neo-junguianos foram pesquisados, tendo sido encontrada uma única definição de ciúme nesta abordagem teórica, conceituada por Carlos Byington (2006), criador da chamada Psicologia Simbólica. Foi encontrado um artigo científico junguiano sobre ciúme patológico masculino, de Grinberg (2000). Na última etapa do levantamento bibliográfico, o termo ciúme foi pesquisado nas obras completas de Carl Gustav Jung. Para ilustrar o ciúme patológico masculino, foram selecionados e assistidos alguns filmes, tendo sido escolhido o que melhor representa esta patologia no gênero masculino - Ciúme, o inferno do amor possessivo (1994) - de Claude Chabrol. A ilustração foi analisada com base na abordagem da Psicologia Analítica, assim como nas informações que contextualizam a cultura patriarcal. Conclui-se que as características e emoções mais comumente associadas ao ciúme patológico masculino são: poder e posse, desejo de domínio sobre o ser amado, amor e rivalidade amorosa, medo da perda, desejo de exclusividade amorosa e sentimentos de inferioridade. A não superação do complexo de Édipo enquanto estrutura, a presença de complexo materno e/ou paterno, a repressão do princípio feminino e o conseqüente desequilíbrio psíquico são fatores associados ao ciúme patológico masculino. Este afeto é encontrado com mais freqüência na paranóia. Considera-se a hipótese de que a cultura e os valores patriarcais, se unilaterais, intensificam o ciúme patológico, pois o que se mostra exagerado no ciumento patológico é a necessidade de dominar e controlar quem ele acredita possuir

Sociala mediers stora utbredning de senaste åren har inneburit ett ökat intresse för hur de påverkar oss i våra romantiska relationer. Tidigare forskning har med kvantitativa metoder bland annat kunnat påvisa en positiv korrelation mellan överdrivet användande av sociala medier och grad av upplevd svartsjuka och ensamhet. Denna studie avsåg att genom kvalitativa djupintervjuer med fem unga vuxna undersöka huruvida och på vilka sätt sociala medier inverkar på romantiska relationer. Utöver att bekräfta fynd från tidigare studier visade denna studie att sociala medier inverkar på romantiska relationer främst som en katalysator och grogrund för problem som redan finns i den romantiska relationen. Exempel på problem som beskrevs av intervjudeltagarna är ökad misstro/misstänksamhet, ökat behov av kontroll/övervakande av partner och upplevelse av att vara bortvald eller konkurrera med sociala medier om partnerns uppmärksamhet. Vidare upplevde deltagarna att styrkan av en individs självkänsla spelar en viktig roll gällande huruvida dessa problem uppstår eller inte i en relation. I studien framkom även reflektioner hos deltagarna gällande hur frekvent användande av sociala medier kan inverka på romantiska relationer över en längre tidsperiod. / The continuing growth of social media during the last decade has resulted in an increased interest in what affect it has on our romantic relationships. Existing research using quantitative methods has suggested a correlation between excessive use of social media and an increase in feelings of jealousy and loneliness. This qualitative study of interviews with five young adults aims to examine in what ways the use of social media can be seen affect romantic relationships. Beyond confirming earlier findings, the study shows that the effect of social media on romantic relationships primarily is as a magnifier of pre-existing relational problems and a catalyst for potential relational difficulties. Among those problems described by the participants are an increase in distrust and suspicion, an increased need for control/supervision of one’s partner together with the experience of competing with social media for the attention of the significant other. Furthermore, the participants experienced that the strength of an individual’s self-esteem plays an important role regarding the degree of likelihood with which these problems arise within the relationship. The study also shows how the possible effect that frequent social media usage may have on the relationship in the long term is a question that is given much consideration by the participants.

Bentinho não é um personagem completamente inocente em suas memórias autobiográficas. Apesar de se colocar na posição de vítima, algumas atitudes suas dentro do romance Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis, são capazes de acusar o narrador de primeira pessoa de outras coisas além da imagem que pretende fazer de marido traído. Desta forma, este trabalho vai investigar como o personagem, através de sua versão casmurra, sai da posição de acusador para a de réu. Veremos como o personagem, que tem o poder da narrativa nas mãos, ironicamente trai a si mesmo, deixando-se mostrar, mesmo que sem claramente perceber, suas características acusatórias. Assim, encontraremos nele não só um personagem ciumento com toques de loucura, mas também uma pessoa tão dissimulada e manipuladora quanto Capitu, sua namorada e depois esposa a quem julga e condena ao longo do romance. Ser como ela leva Bento ao mesmo destino da moça: a solidão e o exílio que, no caso dele, acontece, em sua própria terra natal. Há ainda um segundo corpus sobre o qual esta análise se debruça: a microssérie Capitu (2008), exibida pela TV Globo em comemoração ao centenário de morte de Machado de Assis. Mostraremos como o trabalho audiovisual dirigido por Luiz Fernando Carvalho levou para a televisão as orientações de Machado de Assis, mantendo o mistério do Bruxo do Cosme Velho. Além disso, a microssérie também traduz em imagens a ideia de que Bentinho é um reflexo, um desdobramento de Capitu. / Bentinho is not a completely innocent character in his autobiographical memories. Despite posicioning himself as victim, some attitudes of him inside the novel Dom Casmurro, written by Machado de Assis, are able to accuse the first-person narrator of other things besides the image of betrayed husband that he wants to show. Thus, this study will investigate how the character, through his cranky old version leaves the accuser position for the defendant. We will see how the character, who has the power of the narrative in his hands, ironically betrays himself, showing, even without clearly see, his accusatory characteristics. Thus, we will find in him, not only a jealous character with some madness, but also a person who is as disingenuous and manipulative as Capitu, his girlfriend, an then, the wife who is judged and sentenced throughout the novel. Being like her, gives Bento the same destination of the girl: loneiness and exile that, in his case, happens in his own homeland. There is a second corpus on which this analysis focuses: the miniseries Capitu (2008), displayed by TV Globo in celebration of the centenary of the death of Machado de Assis. We will show how this audiovisual work directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho presented on television the Machado de Assis guidelines, keeping the mystery of the Bruxo do Cosme Velho. In addition, the miniseries also translates into images the idea that Bentinho is a reflection, a breakdown of Capitu.

Bentinho não é um personagem completamente inocente em suas memórias autobiográficas. Apesar de se colocar na posição de vítima, algumas atitudes suas dentro do romance Dom Casmurro, de Machado de Assis, são capazes de acusar o narrador de primeira pessoa de outras coisas além da imagem que pretende fazer de marido traído. Desta forma, este trabalho vai investigar como o personagem, através de sua versão casmurra, sai da posição de acusador para a de réu. Veremos como o personagem, que tem o poder da narrativa nas mãos, ironicamente trai a si mesmo, deixando-se mostrar, mesmo que sem claramente perceber, suas características acusatórias. Assim, encontraremos nele não só um personagem ciumento com toques de loucura, mas também uma pessoa tão dissimulada e manipuladora quanto Capitu, sua namorada e depois esposa a quem julga e condena ao longo do romance. Ser como ela leva Bento ao mesmo destino da moça: a solidão e o exílio que, no caso dele, acontece, em sua própria terra natal. Há ainda um segundo corpus sobre o qual esta análise se debruça: a microssérie Capitu (2008), exibida pela TV Globo em comemoração ao centenário de morte de Machado de Assis. Mostraremos como o trabalho audiovisual dirigido por Luiz Fernando Carvalho levou para a televisão as orientações de Machado de Assis, mantendo o mistério do Bruxo do Cosme Velho. Além disso, a microssérie também traduz em imagens a ideia de que Bentinho é um reflexo, um desdobramento de Capitu. / Bentinho is not a completely innocent character in his autobiographical memories. Despite posicioning himself as victim, some attitudes of him inside the novel Dom Casmurro, written by Machado de Assis, are able to accuse the first-person narrator of other things besides the image of betrayed husband that he wants to show. Thus, this study will investigate how the character, through his cranky old version leaves the accuser position for the defendant. We will see how the character, who has the power of the narrative in his hands, ironically betrays himself, showing, even without clearly see, his accusatory characteristics. Thus, we will find in him, not only a jealous character with some madness, but also a person who is as disingenuous and manipulative as Capitu, his girlfriend, an then, the wife who is judged and sentenced throughout the novel. Being like her, gives Bento the same destination of the girl: loneiness and exile that, in his case, happens in his own homeland. There is a second corpus on which this analysis focuses: the miniseries Capitu (2008), displayed by TV Globo in celebration of the centenary of the death of Machado de Assis. We will show how this audiovisual work directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho presented on television the Machado de Assis guidelines, keeping the mystery of the Bruxo do Cosme Velho. In addition, the miniseries also translates into images the idea that Bentinho is a reflection, a breakdown of Capitu.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2396813 bytes, checksum: f62a2b1943831ea9a01e3d5e0ab67937 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis aimed at investigating the social and affective correlates of romantic relationships. It has emphasis on virtual infidelity. This study was theoretically and methodologically carried out by using the theoretical contributions of tetrangular model of love and human values. It also counted on the studies about romantic jealousy and the addiction to the Internet. In order to achieve the aim of this thesis it was necessary to develop three studies: the first characterized as preliminary and instrumental was aimed at adapting/validating two instruments; the virtual infidelity scale and the Internet addiction scale for the Brazilian context. The participants were 246 college students from public and private educational institutions of João Pessoa, PB; with age range of 17-55 years old (mean = 24.3, SD = 7.15), most of them were female (62.1%). The results obtained by the Exploratory Factor Analysis of the virtual infidelity scale revealed two dimensional structures: sexual relationship (α = 0.96) and friendship relationship (α = 0.81). The results of the measurement addiction to the Internet indicated a one-dimensional structure (α = 0.89). The Study 2 was aimed at confirming the factor structure of the scales applied in the first study and verify the strength of correlations with the constructs love, jealousy and human values. A number of 210 university students were the participants who answered the same scales from Study 1, added to the measures: tetrangular love, romantic jealousy and the questionnaire of the basic values. These participants ages ranged from 17 to 50 years (M = 23.6, SD = 6.41) mostly were female (73.8%). The results obtained by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of virtual infidelity and addiction to the Internet for the Brazilian context suggested that the model with four and three dimensions, respectively which was originally proposed by the authors, was the one that best showed adequated validity and accuracy (GFI = 0.89, CFI = 0.97 and GFI = 0.83, CFI = 0.96). Concerning the predictive strength of the measures: addiction to Internet, jealousy, love and human values it was observed that the first variable contributed significantly to the explanation of the attitudes towards virtual infidelity (R = 0.25, p <0.001), the second variable romantic jealousy showed a marginal contribution (R = 0.30, p = 0.05), the third independent variable, love, did not have a significant contribution (R = 0.34, p> 0.05), and, lastly, the human values had a prominent contribution (R = 0.49, p <0.001).The third study aimed to developing a theoretical model to explain the constructs based on the human values, jealousy and addiction to the Internet was carried out to explain attitudes towards virtual infidelity. The participants were 204 Internet users, with age range of 17 to 66 years (M = 29.3, SD = 10.34), mostly female (59.8%). The results of the statistical analyzes indicated that the three constructs were fundamental for explaining the attitudes toward virtual infidelity. Concerning the human values (r = -0.15, p <0.05) the results brought out the sub functions experimentation, suprapersonal, existence, normative and realization, the romantic jealousy (r = -0.33, p <0.001) with dimensions not threatening,, exclusion and addiction to Internet (r = 0.13, p <0.05) with dimensions withdrawal and social problems, time management and performance and replaced reality were underlying components facing the attitudes toward virtual infidelity. Based on these findings it may be inferred that the results contributed satisfactorily with the explanatory model of behavior about the virtual infidelity. It is also expected that these results may be applied in future researches. / Esta tese teve como objetivo geral conhecer os correlatos afetivos e sociais dos relacionamentos amorosos com ênfase na infidelidade virtual. Para subsidiar teórica e metodologicamente, utilizaram-se dos aportes teóricos do amor tetrangular e valores humanos, adicionado aos estudos acerca do ciúme romântico e da adição à Internet. Para alcançar o objetivo, fez-se necessário desenvolver três estudos: o primeiro com caráter preliminar e instrumental visando adaptar/validar dois instrumentos, a escala de infidelidade virtual e a escala de adição à Internet para o contexto brasileiro. Participaram 246 estudantes universitários de Instituições Pública e Privada da cidade de João Pessoa (PB), com idade variando de 17 a 55 anos (m = 24,3; dp = 7,15), a maioria (62,1%) do sexo feminino. Os resultados advindos da Análise Fatorial Exploratória da escala de infidelidade virtual evidenciaram uma estrutura bidimensional: relação sexual (α = 0,96) e relação de amizade (α = 0,81). Os resultados da medida de adição à Internet indicaram uma estrutura unidimensional (α = 0,89). O Estudo 2 teve como objetivo confirmar a estrutura fatorial das escalas do primeiro estudo e verificar qual o poder de correlação com os construtos amor, ciúme e valores humanos. Fizeram parte 210 estudantes universitários que responderam as mesmas escalas do Estudo 1 acrescidas das medidas: amor tetrangular, ciúme romântico e o questionário dos valores básicos, as idades dos participantes variaram entre 17 a 50 anos (m = 23,6; dp = 6,41), a maioria do sexo feminino (73,8%). Os resultados advindos da Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) das medidas de infidelidade virtual e adição à Internet para o contexto brasileiro sugerem que o modelo originalmente proposto pelos autores, com quatro e três dimensões, respectivamente foi o que melhor apresentou parâmetros de validade e precisão adequados (GFI = 0,89, CFI = 0,97 e GFI = 0,83, CFI = 0,96). Quanto ao poder de predição das medidas adição à Internet, ciúme, amor e valores humanos observou-se que a primeira variável contribuiu significativamente para a explicação das atitudes frente à infidelidade virtual (R = 0,25, p < 0,001); a segunda variável o ciúme romântico apresentou uma contribuição marginal (R = 0,30, p = 0,05); a terceira variável independente, o amor, não teve uma contribuição significativa (R = 0,34, p > 0,05); e, por fim, os valores humanos tiveram uma contribuição de destaque (R = 0,49, p < 0,001). O estudo 3 teve como objetivo elaborar um modelo teórico explicativo a partir dos construtos valores humano, ciúme e adição à Internet para explicar as atitudes frente à infidelidade virtual. Participaram 204 usuários da Internet, com idade variando entre 17 a 66 anos (m = 29,3; dp = 10,34), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (59,8%). Os resultados advindos das análises estatísticas mostraram que os três construtos foram determinantes para explicar a atitude de infidelidade virtual. Na medida dos valores humanos (r = -0,15; p < 0,05) sobressaíram as subfunções experimentação, suprapessoal, existência, normativa e realização, o ciúme romântico (r = -0,33; p < 0,001) com as dimensões não-ameaça e exclusão e adição à Internet (r = 0,13; p < 0,05) com as dimensões retirada e problemas sociais, gestão do tempo e desempenho e realidade substituída foram subjacentes às atitudes frente a infidelidade virtual. Em síntese, pode-se inferir que os resultados contribuíram de maneira satisfatória com o modelo explicativo do comportamento acerca da infidelidade virtual. Espera-se também que estes resultados possam ser aplicados em pesquisas futuras.

To extend the research on self-monitoring and romantic relationships, we explored the connection between self-monitoring and romantic jealousy using a between-subjects design. We hypothesized high self-monitors (like men) would find sexual infidelity more distressing than emotional infidelity, whereas low self-monitors (like women) would find emotional infidelity more distressing than sexual infidelity. Participants completed the 25-item Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder, 1974) and 6 hypothetical infidelity scenarios (Buss et al., 1999). To statistically control for third variables, participants also completed the 11-item Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (Gangestad & Simpson, 1991). Although we found a main effect for self-monitoring in romantic jealousy, these results did not support our hypotheses. That is, these reliable differences in self-monitoring reflected more or less distress by emotional infidelity. Limitations (e.g., third variables, directionality) and future directions (e.g., potential moderators/mediators for self-monitoring differences in romantic jealousy) of this research are discussed.

This dissertation is an attempt and, if you will, a temptation to engage with the ‘disturbing’ prospect of the truth of skepticism. All of Stanley Cavell’s works refer to the truth of skepticism, and yet the discourse surrounding this concept is sparse and often engaged minimally. The truth of skepticism is that “the human creature’s basis in the world as a whole, its relation to the world as such, is not that of knowing, anyway not what we think of as knowing” (The Claim of Reason, p.241). In order to make sense of what he means by what “we think of as knowing” Cavell provides a philosophical framework in which to understand skepticism and what it threatens: through his notion of “criteria” taken from Ludwig Wittgenstein; the concept of the “ordinary” derived from the works of J.L. Austin; and the “search for community” as a problem of “acknowledgement” or “avoidance” as opposed to a problem of knowledge. I argue that the “standard” (Stephen Mulhall’s) reading of Cavell fails to fully account for the truth of skepticism and I propose reading Cavell as a Nietzschean Versucher – one who attempts and searches endlessly, never fully embracing any particular view. By reading Cavell in this way, I explore how to do genuine philosophy and consider how to address the role of traditional epistemological problems in the face of Cavell’s framework. Beyond the traditional philosophical questions of skepticism, I address how the theoretical musings of the first half of the dissertation can be used in practice – or one could say how they reflect on the ordinary. Following Cavell, I connect philosophy and art as sister disciplines concerned with similar problems such as epistemological skepticism itself. To show these connections I analyze two plays and three films: Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale and Othello, alongside The Philadelphia Story (1940), Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004), and Her (2013). By engaging these pieces with Cavell’s philosophical framework in mind, I show how sexual jealousy is a form of living one’s skepticism in a real context that cannot be so easily dismissed by philosophers who claim that skepticism is somehow empty, confused, or nonsense. By showing how the threat of skepticism is a part of our ordinary lives, I conclude by considering how we might recover from our skepticism. Skepticism is not the end, it is the beginning.

Les résultats de la recherche portant sur les impacts de la jalousie dans les relations de couple sont mixtes et ne nous permettent pas d’en connaître son impact sur le désengagement romantique, ou la perte de sentiments amoureux, qui est un problème fréquemment mentionné par les couples qui consultent en thérapie conjugale. Par le biais d’un devis longitudinal et dyadique, cette étude a examiné l’association entre la jalousie et le désengagement romantique, en tenant compte de la satisfaction relationnelle à titre de facteur modérateur. Concernant les effets acteurs, vu l’état actuel de la recherche portant sur l’effet de la jalousie sur différentes variables relationnelles, aucune hypothèse n’a été émise concernant la direction de l’association entre les trois composantes de la jalousie et les changements dans le désengagement romantique chez l’individu 9 mois plus tard. Cependant, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que la satisfaction relationnelle modèrerait cette association à travers le temps. Concernant les effets partenaires, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que de hauts niveaux de jalousie chez l’individu seraient associés à une augmentation du désengagement romantique chez son partenaire à travers le temps. Nous avons également considéré les différences de genre dans ces effets acteurs et partenaires. La jalousie, le désengagement romantique et la satisfaction relationnelle de 141 couples de sexes mixes ont été mesurés à deux temps de mesures sur une période de 9 mois. Des analyses acheminatoires basées sur le Modèle d’interdépendance acteur-partenaire ont ensuite été effectuées afin de vérifier les questions et hypothèses de recherche. Les résultats ont montré que la jalousie émotionnelle chez la femme était associée à une diminution de leur propre désengagement romantique à travers le temps (β = -.154, p = .029). De plus, la satisfaction relationnelle modérait l’association entre la jalousie émotionnelle et le désengagement romantique, c’est-à-dire que les femmes rapportaient une diminution de leur désengagement lorsqu’elles rapportaient être faiblement (B = -0.016, p = .004) ou moyennement satisfaites dans leur relation (B = -0.011, p = .032). L’interaction n’était pas significative pour les femmes qui étaient très satisfaites (B = -0.006, p = .257). La satisfaction relationnelle modérait aussi l’association entre la jalousie cognitive et le désengagement romantique chez la femme. La jalousie cognitive était associée à une augmentation du désengagement, mais seulement chez les femmes qui rapportaient être extrêmement satisfaites dans leur relation (4 ÉT au-dessus de la moyenne; B = 0.024, p = .048). Par ailleurs, la jalousie comportementale de la femme permettait de prédire une augmentation du désengagement chez son partenaire (β = .142, p = .039). Les résultats suggèrent que la jalousie serait un facteur à considérer pour comprendre le désengagement chez les couples de longue durée au fil du temps. De plus, cette association serait modérée par la satisfaction relationnelle, mais pour les femmes seulement. Des études supplémentaires seront nécessaires afin d’identifier d’autres facteurs relationnels et personnels pouvant contribuer au désengagement romantique chez l’homme. / Research examining jealousy among couples provides mixed findings regarding its association with relationship outcomes and does allow an understanding of its role in romantic disengagement. Also referred to the process of falling out of love, disengagement is frequently reported by couples who seek relationship therapy. Using a dyadic and prospective design, the purpose of this study was to examine the association between jealousy and romantic disengagement while considering relationship satisfaction as a potential moderating factor. Since the current literature provides mixed findings about the effect of jealousy on relationship outcomes, no a priori hypotheses were proposed about the directionality of the associations between the three components of jealousy assessed at baseline, and changes in romantic disengagement for the individual 9 months later (actor effects). However, we expected that relationship satisfaction would moderate this association. At the dyadic level, we expected that high levels of jealousy in the individual would be associated with an increase in their partner’s level of disengagement at follow-up (partner effects). Finally, we also considered gender differences in actor and partner effects. Jealousy, romantic disengagement, and relationship satisfaction were assessed twice among 141 mixed-sex couples over a nine-month period. Path analyses using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model were conducted to verify the hypotheses and research questions. Emotional jealousy was related to a decrease in one’s romantic disengagement over time for women (β = -.154, p = .029). Moreover, relationship satisfaction moderated the association between emotional jealousy and disengagement— women who reported low (B = -0.016, p = .004) to moderate (B= -0.011, p = .032) levels of relationship satisfaction experienced a decrease in their disengagement, but not when they reported being highly satisfied (B = -0.006, p = .257). Relationship satisfaction also moderated the association between cognitive jealousy and romantic disengagement for women—jealous thoughts were associated with an increase in romantic disengagement when women reported extremely high levels of satisfaction (4 standard deviations above the mean: B = 0.024, p = .048). Additionally, women’s behavioral jealousy predicted an increase in their partner’s disengagement (β = .142, p = .039). The findings suggest that considering jealousy increases our understanding of disengagement and how it unfolds over time among long-term couples. Moreover, relationship satisfaction would moderate the association between jealousy and disengagement, but only for women. Further research is required to identify other relational or personal factors that could contribute to romantic disengagement in men.

Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker emotionshantering och känsloregler i polyamorösa förhållanden. Polyamorösa utsätter sig för situationer där emotionshantering med största sannolikhet är av vikt, där svartsjuka samt emotionen compersion (även kallad medglädje) kan uppstå, och har därmed upplevelse av att hantera svartsjuka och compersion som är värdefull att undersöka. Studiens forskningsfrågor var 1) Hur den polyamorösa personen har lärt sig om polyamorösa sociala normer och förväntningar gällande emotioner svartsjuka och compersion i parrelationer, 2) Hur den polyamorösa personen själv hanterar emotioner av svartsjuka och compersion i sina relationer Samt 3) Vilka förebilder personen har gällande hanteringar av emotioner svartsjuka och compersion, samt och hur utvärderar hon sina egna erfarenheter. Den teoretiska ramen i studien är baserad på teorin om social identitet samt privata emotionella system. Materialet samlades med hjälp av semi-strukturerade djupintervjuer med fem polyamorösa kvinnor, där det sedan användes en tematisk analysmetod. Resultatet visade att den polyamorösa personen lär sig känsloreglerna i den polyamorösa kontexten genom att interagera med andra med samma sociala identitet (antingen genom sin partner eller genom socialisationsarenor såsom sociala medier), samt att dessa normer påvisar kommunikationsfaktorn som en viktig norm som hjälper den polyamorösa individen i sin emotionshantering. Denna norm menar flera respondenter är någonting som fungerar för dem i deras egen emotionshantering, och när de uppfyller den här normen leder det till att de utvärderar sina erfarenheter av emotionerna svartsjuka och compersion som goda. Däremot underströk flera respondenter att de inte hade några förebilder att jämföra sig med, utan jämförelser sker i störst utsträckning med den större monogama gemenskapen. / This qualitative study examines emotion management and emotion rules in polyamorous relationships. Polyamorous people are exposed to situations where emotion management is most likely important, where jealousy and the emotion compersion can occur, and thus have experience of dealing with jealousy and compersion that is valuable to investigate. The research questions of the study were 1) How the polyamorous person has learned about polyamorous social norms and expectations regarding emotions jealousy and compersion in couple relationships, 2) How the polyamorous person herself handles emotions of jealousy and compersion in their relationships, and 3) What role models the person has regarding management of emotions jealousy and compersion, as well as and how she evaluates her own experiences. The theoretical framework of the study is based on the theory of social identity and private emotional systems. The material was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews with five polyamorous women, where then a thematic analysis method was used. The results showed that the polyamorous person learns the emotional rules in the polyamorous context by interacting with others with the same social identity (either through their partner or through socialization arenas such as social media), and that these norms demonstrate the communication factor as an important norm that helps the polyamorous individual in their emotion management. This norm, several respondents believe, is something that works for them in their own emotion management, and when they meet this norm, it leads them to evaluate their experiences of the emotions such as jealousy and compersion as very good. On the other hand, several respondents emphasized that they had no role models to compare themselves with, but that comparisons are made to the greatest extent with the larger monogamous community.