<p>Activated carbon is an adsorbent that is commonly used for removing organic contaminants from air due to its abundant pores and large internal surface area. This thesis is concerned with the static adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics for single and binary organic compounds on different types of activated carbon. These are important parameters for the design of filters and for the estimation of filter service life. Existing predictive models for adsorption capacity and kinetics are based on fundamental “hard” knowledge of adsorption mechanisms. These models have several drawbacks, especially in complex situations, and extensive experimental data are often needed as inputs. In this work we present a systematic approach that can contribute to the further development of predictive models, especially for complex situations. The approach is based on Multivariate Data Analysis (MVDA), which is ideally suited for the development of soft models without incorporating any assumptions about the mathematical form or fundamental physical principles involved. </p><p>Adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics depend on the properties of the carbon and the adsorbate as well as experimental conditions. Therefore, to make general statements regarding adsorption capacity and kinetics it is important for the resulting models to be representative of the conditions they will simulate. Accordingly, the first step in the investigations underlying this thesis was to select a minimum number of representative and chemically diverse organic compounds. The next steps were to study the dependence of the derived affinity coefficient, β, in the Dubinin-Radushkevich equation on properties of organic compounds and to establish a new, improved model. This new model demonstrates the importance of adding descriptors for the specific interaction with the carbon surface to the size and shape descriptors. The adsorption capacities of the same eight organic compounds at low relative pressures were correlated with compound properties. It was found that different compound properties are important in the various stages of adsorption, reflecting the fact that different mechanisms are involved. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) in combination with the Freundlich equation was developed to predict the adsorption capacities of binary organic compound mixtures. A new model was proposed for predicting the rate coefficient of the Wheeler-Jonas equation which is valid for breakthrough ratios up to 20%. Finally, it was shown that the Wheeler-Jonas equation can be adapted to describe the breakthrough curves of binary mixtures. New models were proposed for predicting its parameters, the adsorption rate coefficients, and the adsorption capacities for both components of the binary mixture. Thus, multivariate data analysis can not only be used to assist in the understanding of adsorption mechanisms, but also contribute to the development of predictive models of adsorption capacity and breakthrough time for single and binary organic compounds.</p>

<p>Much is assumed about the professionalisation of managers, but the subject has been little studied within the social sciences. Did it take place and if so, how did it happen? Previous studies suggest that the managers in Swedish industries were professionalised after the Second World War, without, however, thoroughly investigating this claim. To be able to study the professionalisation process of managers, this thesis argues that it is necessary to look at both the ideals and the practice of management. This thesis constructs two different management ideals: the patriarchal ideal and the professional ideal, which are then joined together in a model. The model is then used to interpret the management behaviour of Swedish managers in 1910-1945.</p><p>The results of this thesis show that the professionalisation process of managers was not a strict process forward. The ideals were relatively easy to change from a patriarchal ideal to a professional ideal. But the practice of management could be patriarchal as well as professional, depending on the situation and the context. One explanation for this is that the managers could not always live up to the professional ideal. Instead they reverted to the system of personal trust and its loyalties in line with the patriarchal ideal. Therefore the professionalisation process of managers was not as successful as it might have been.</p>

Much is assumed about the professionalisation of managers, but the subject has been little studied within the social sciences. Did it take place and if so, how did it happen? Previous studies suggest that the managers in Swedish industries were professionalised after the Second World War, without, however, thoroughly investigating this claim. To be able to study the professionalisation process of managers, this thesis argues that it is necessary to look at both the ideals and the practice of management. This thesis constructs two different management ideals: the patriarchal ideal and the professional ideal, which are then joined together in a model. The model is then used to interpret the management behaviour of Swedish managers in 1910-1945. The results of this thesis show that the professionalisation process of managers was not a strict process forward. The ideals were relatively easy to change from a patriarchal ideal to a professional ideal. But the practice of management could be patriarchal as well as professional, depending on the situation and the context. One explanation for this is that the managers could not always live up to the professional ideal. Instead they reverted to the system of personal trust and its loyalties in line with the patriarchal ideal. Therefore the professionalisation process of managers was not as successful as it might have been.

The subject of this thesis is the social-adventure novel which was popular in the 1840s and early 1850s in Sweden. In contrast to literary critics who have tended to regard the thrilling plot of the genre as merely a way of creating effects, I try to analyze the plot as a bearer of both meaning and ideology. Inspired by the Russian scholar Mikhail Bakhtin, I define the plot in the genre as an adventure-plot, with links back to the novel of Antiquity. In an introductory chapter I discuss theories of genres which resembles the social- adventure novel. I conclude the chapter with a brief discussion of the differences between the adventure novel and the biographical novel. In chapter 2 I look into the reception of the social-adventure novel by contemporary critics. In the first case-study, I examine Samvetet eller Stockholms mysterier, 1850, (The Conscience or the Mysteries of Stockholm), by C. F. Ridderstad. By means of the ad­venture-plot we are introduced to everyday life in Stockholm in the middle of the cen­tury. But the adventure-plot also had other possibilities. It could be used to examine the various competitive moral and ideological views that were current at the time. In the second case-study, I analyze a variant of the social-adventure novel which deals with the development of the individual. The need to examine ideology and its values is essential in the historical-adventu­re novel. This case-study contains readings of novels by Ridderstad, J. A. Kiellman- Göranson and C. J. L. Almqvist. The function of the plot in the historical-adventure novel is to test the "natural" qualities of the heroes; to examine the ideology of the vil­lain; and finally to claim that history in the end depends upon the (im) moral actions of the individual. This is created through the mixture in the novels of historical time and adventure-time. The thesis ends with an analysis of a novel by Viktor Rydberg, Den siste athenaren, 1859, (The Last Athenian). In this novel there is also an adventure plot, but no ad- venture-time. The reason for this is that Rydberg only uses the adventure plot for his own monologic view of history and the destiny of mankind. Rydberg's novel marks an ending. It stands as the final expression of that period which began in the 1830s, in which the novel emerged as a leading genre in Swedish literature. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1990</p> / digitalisering@umu

Detta examensarbete omfattar 15 högskolepoäng och skrivs på Mälardalens Högskola i Eskilstuna med inriktning produktdesign – industriell design. Arbetet genomfördes under vårterminen, april till juni 2014 där en grupp på två personer utvecklade ett trappräcke på Lundbergs produkter AB i Nyköping. Lundbergs tog kontakt med gruppen innan start och presenterade fyra stycken uppdrag. Uppdraget var att utveckla Ekerö räcke i metall, där målet var att få räcket monterbart i trappor och gruppen blev tilldelad en kravspecifikation på vad företaget förväntade sig utav slutprodukten. På grund av den stora säkerhetsfrågan hos ett trappräcke behövdes en analys på problemet och de krav som ställdes på produkten. Gruppen började med att undersöka hur en trappa kunde vara konstruerad för att senare kunna sätta krav på trappräckets utformning. Eftersom det finns så många komponenter på den befintliga produkten så uppstod det många problem när räcket monterades i en vinklad konstruktion. Dessa problem dokumenterades och samlades ihop i olika kategorier så att gruppen senare kunde fokusera på varje område i idégenereringen. I kravspecifikationen var ett av kraven att följa boverkets regler angående trappräckesbyggen. Efter en sammanställning av boverkets regler så hade gruppen tillräckligt med material för att göra en idégenerering. I nästa skede påbörjades idégenerering med hjälp av metoden Brain Writing. Gruppen fokuserade på varje område var för sig där en större mängd idéer blev till ett fåtal som kom att kallas koncept. Med hjälp av verktyg som Pughs matris och QFD samt företagets tankar så uteslöts vissa koncept och andra vidareutvecklades. Efter att ha utvecklat två större koncept av tretton mindre så presenterade gruppen dem för uppdragsgivaren. Mötet resulterade i en kombination av båda koncepten så kunden får möjligheten att montera efter sitt egna val. När slutkonceptet var bestämt började gruppen tillverka en prototyp i skala 1:1 med hjälp av 3d-skrivare samt trä- och metallverkstaden. När gruppen arbetade på prototypen upptäcktes en risk där ett av koncepten lätt gick sönder vid montering. Då valdes koncept 1B istället för koncept 1C. Examensarbetet resulterade i en produkt som efterliknade Ekerö räcke i metall, som dessutom har många möjligheter att anpassas efter kundens krav, önskemål och kreativitet. / <p>Detta examensarbete är konversiellt, vilket är anledningen till de censurerade bilderna.</p>

Köksblandare är en produkt som många människor använder sig av varje dag och därför är det intressant att studera vattenbesparande tekniker för just köksblandare. I detta examensarbete har det utförts en livscykelanalys av köksblandare med höghastighetsteknik, en vattenbesparande teknik.

This thesis deals with history, evolution and the activity of the cultural club of kindred spirits: Jonas club. Deeper attention is laid upon the question of mechanisms by which the so-called islands of freedom were constituted in the 1970s and 1980s. As it seems, Jonas club worked as this kind of free platform, therefore the aim of this thesis is to trace the phenomena which lead to the formation of these islands of freedom. From the methodological perspective the thesis is a qualitative work, which collects the data using the method of oral history. The work is time-framed by the years 1967-1989, therefore from the era of the establishment of the club until the Velvet revolution. The chosen witnesses usually remember most of the so-called normalization period. And the apriori given topics are followed with the aim to comprehend their subjective emic perspective. When it comes to the sources, the work draws upon the magazines which the club publishes from the very beginning of its existence until nowadays. As for the structure of the work, the text is divided into three larger sections, outside of the introduction and conclusion. The first theoretical section presents to the reader the theoretical-historical context. It is followed by the methodological section which not only provides methodology,...

Ce mémoire porte sur la notion de responsabilité. Le constat initial est que l'humanité exerce une pression de plus en plus grande sur l'environnement en raison des récentes avancées technologiques dont il dispose. Les éthiques traditionnelles ne semblent pas être en mesure d'apporter une solution satisfaisante à la crise de l'environnement, d'où la recherche d'une nouvelle éthique. Deux conceptions modernes de la responsabilité de l'homme vis-à-vis de l'environnement sont examinées dans la première partie de ce mémoire: la responsabilité déontologique fondée ontologiquement de Hans Jonas et l'utilitarisme positif de Dieter Birnbacher. Dans la seconde partie, on examine les conséquences à un niveau politique de chacune d'entre elles, en prenant soin de faire ressortir leurs limites respectives. La dernière partie du mémoire permet de faire le lien entre la théorie et la pratique puisque les résultats d'une recherche menée sur le terrain chez des producteurs de porcs y sont exposés. La recherche porte sur le rapport de l'homme à son environnement et a été menée de la région de la Beauce.

[pt] A tese que se apresenta com o título Ecologia e tecnocracia: a ressignificação do kérigma cristão à luz do diálogo com Hans Jonas é, sobretudo, um trabalho de teologia pastoral que se inspirou na Encíclica Laudato Si do Papa Francisco, que lança uma grave preocupação cósmica e humana. Humana-cósmica porque coloca o grave problema ecológico que a humanidade enfrenta diante das catástrofes naturais e talvez diante de um fim do planeta. Pastoral porque se a Igreja prega novos céus e nova terra, então, fica impossível este anúncio diante do possível fracasso do cosmos destruído pelo sistema econômico, sustentado por uma filosofia que pretende tirar do depósito ilimitado da natureza toda sua riqueza. Como pregar um final feliz em que Deus seja tudo em todo, diante da iminencia da catástrofe final? Esta pergunta decisiva foi colocada em outra perspectiva por Hans Jonas, quem procurou oferecer uma resposta ética e teológica a partir da responsabilidade e da teopatia. A obra de Hans Jonas, que, aliás, contesta a gnose, atravessará esta tese para permitir concluir que uma escatologia cristã sem uma responsabilidade que salve o cosmos, assumindo a dor de Deus é impossível, mesmo dentro de uma visão cristã a partir de Cristo morto na cruz e ressuscitado. Essa responsabilidade é um chamado que toca à humanidade toda, a todas as religiões e aos sistemas econômicos. Isso vai permitir um diálogo frutuoso com o pensamento, com as teologias e especialmente com os pobres, principais vítimas do problema ecológico. Esse diálogo deve levar a uma mística que contemple, na alteridade, o problema de maneira antropocósmica. É um novo falar de Deus. / [en] The thesis presented with the title Ecology and technocracy: the resignification of Christian kerigma in the light of dialogue with Hans Jonas is above all a work of pastoral theology inspired by Pope Francis Encyclical Laudato Si, which casts grave concern. human and cosmic. Cosmic-human because it poses the serious ecological problem facing humanity in the face of natural disasters and perhaps an end to the planet. Pastoral because if the Church preaches new heavens and a new earth, then this announcement becomes impossible in the face of the possible failure of the cosmos destroyed by the economic system, supported by a philosophy that seeks to take from its unlimited deposit all its richness. How can we preach a happy ending in which God is all in all in the face of the imminent catastrophe? This decisive question was put in another perspective by Hans Jonas, who aimed to provide an ethical and theological answer from responsibility and theopathy. Hans Jonas s work, which incidentally contests gnosis, will cross this thesis to allow us to conclude that a Christian eschatology without a responsibility that saves the cosmos, assuming the pain of God is impossible, even within a Christian vision from Christ dead in Christ, cross and risen. This responsibility is a call that touches all humanity, all religions, and economic systems. This will allow fruitful dialogue with thought, theologies and especially the poor, who are the main victims of the ecological problem. This dialogue must lead to a mystique that contemplates the problem in anthropocosmic way in otherness. It is a new talk of God.

Malmö är en av många kommuner i Sverige som planerar att införa ett system för insamling och hantering av det matavfall som uppstår inom kommunen. När det gäller villahushållen inom kommunen så är målet att minst 32 procent av dem frivilligt ska välja att sortera ut sitt matavfall fr.o.m. år 2009. Att deltagandet ska vara frivilligt ställer höga krav på den initiala informationskampanj som VA SYD, kommunalbolaget som ansvarar för insamlingen, avser att genomföra i syfte att få med så många villahushåll som möjligt. Denna undersökning har avsett att utifrån tre fokusgruppsintervjuer med villaägare från områdena Djupadal, Kastanjegården och Riseberga i Malmö identifiera vilka faktorer det är som påverkar deras vilja och möjligheter att sortera ut sitt matavfall. Efter detta har vi undersökt vilka hinder och möjligheter dessa faktorer kan medföra om man genom kommunikation avser att på lång sikt influera Malmös villahushåll till att frivilligt sortera ut sitt matavfall. Ur undersökningens resultat kan man bl.a. utläsa att en miljöstyrande avfallstaxa med en lägre avgift för de villahushåll som sorterar ut sitt matavfall är ett starkt incitament. Hur mycket lägre avgiften blir är oväsentligt utan det är principen som är viktig. Feedback i form av konkreta och reella exempel om vad det insamlade matavfallet används till och vilken nytta det gör för miljön är viktigt att ge frekvent till villahushållen. Kärlen upplevs som fula och något som tar plats. Ett sätt att skapa positiv uppmärksamhet kring kärlen kan vara att erbjuda tryck på dem. Det är väldigt viktigt att kommunen ger så goda förutsättningar som möjligt för villahushållen att sortera ut sitt matavfall. Om systemets tekniska aspekter fungerar bra så signalerar det trovärdighet och seriositet och blir en motivation för hushållen att göra sin del, dvs. sortera ut sitt matavfall. För att omvända negativa attityder hos hushållen bör man hänvisa till erfarenheter från andra kommuner som samlar in matavfall från villahushåll. Genom bilder och reportage kan dessa utgöra förebilder för Malmös villahushåll. / Malmö is one of many municipalities in Sweden that are planning to adopt a system for collecting and handling the food waste generated within it. The goal is that at least 32 percent of the house owners within the municipality will choose to volunteer to sort out their food waste from 2009. To make their participation voluntary demands a high standard on the initial information campaign that VA SYD, the municipal corporation that is responsible for the collection, is planning to carry out with the purpose of getting as many house owners as possible to participate. This study has intended to, based on three focus group interviews with house owners from the districts of Djupadal, Kastanjegården and Riseberga in Malmö, identify what factors are influencing their willingness and opportunity to sort out their food waste. We then studied what barriers and opportunities those factors may involve if you by communicational means intend to influence Malmö’s house owners to voluntarily sort out their food waste long term. From our studies results you can deduce that an environmentally controlled waste tax with a lower fee for those who sort out their food waste is a strong incentive. How much lower is not important since it’s the principle that matters. It is important to give frequent feedback to the house owners in the form of substantial and intrinsic examples about what the collected food waste is used for, and what good it does for the environment. The containers are believed to be ugly and something that seizes up space. One way to create positive attention around the containers is to offer print on them. It is very important that the municipal council gives as good prerequisites as possible for the house owners to sort out their food waste. If the technical aspects of the system work well it signals credibility and seriousity and can motivate the house owners to do their part that is, sorting out their food waste. To convert negative attitudes within the house owners you should refer to experiences from other municipalities that are collecting food waste from house owners. By pictures and coverage’s with their house owners they can act as role models for Malmö’s house owners.