Thesis (LLD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this dissertation is to conceptualise the principle of "environmental justice". In doing so it attempts to determine its meaning, assess its possible use for the protection of environmental rights in the light of the South African Bill of Rights, and draw, in a comparative manner, on examples from two other jurisdictions, namely the United States of America (USA) and India. In the first part of the study "environmental justice" is defined and thereafter the ways in which the idea of "environmental justice" has found expression in the USA and Indian jurisprudence as well as in legislative and administrative practices in these two countries are analysed comparatively. In reviewing the US experience the study concludes that the courts have shown a conspicuous measure of self-restraint in the conceptualisation of environmental justice. Due to its non-activist and formalistic approach, the judiciary has failed to address systemic environmental inequities, and to carve out remedies whereby environmental injustice could have been dealt with in an effective and meaningful way. The more activist approach of the Indian judiciary, on the other hand, has led to more effective protection of the environment and of people adversely affected by environmental degradation. The judiciary has imposed positive obligations on the state to carry out its social duties as laid down in the Directive Principles of the Indian Constitution. Although India does not have a constitutionally entrenched environmental right, the courts have interpreted the right to life proactively so as to include quality of life. The study concludes by examining possible applications of the principle of environmental justice for the protection of environmental rights in South Africa, assessing the law as it stands and exploring new avenues in the light of the Bill of Rights. In this respect the following guidelines are proposed by this study: o Environmental problems in South Africa must be placed within their specific historical and political context. Consequently environmental injustice must be understood as a form of inequity that impacts on people disproportionately on the basis of race and socio-economic status. The concept "environment" can therefore not be narrowly understood, whether it is being dealt with in the Constitution, legislation or common law. It must be recognised that the concept goes beyond ecosystems and that it includes a multiplicity of relationships, in many of which humans are the focal point. o Environmental justice claims in South Africa may best be framed as constitutional claims. Regard should be had not only to the environmental right in section 24 of the Constitution, but also to other rights that support the notion of environmental justice, such as the rights to life, equality and dignity. o Judicial activism is a key to the promotion of environmental justice. The judiciary plays an important role in ensuring that the state and other actors fulfil their obligation to respect, protect, promote and fulfil the rights in the Bill of Rights. Transformation requires a judiciary that is prepared to reconsider the traditional boundaries of the doctrine of separation of powers and to lay down directives for other branches of government, in particular the executive. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie proefskrif is om die beginsel "omgewingsgeregtigheid" te konsepsualiseer. Die studie poog dus om die betekenis van hierdie beginsel, sowel as die moontlike gebruik daarvan in die beskerming van omgewingsregte vas te stel in die lig van die Suid Afrikaanse Handves van Regte. Verder poog die studie om deur middel van regsvergelyking insigte te bekom uit voorbeelde in twee jurisdiksies, die Verenigde State van Amerika en Indië. "Omgewingsgeregtigheid" word in die eerste deel van die proefskrif gedefinieer. In die tweede deel word die wyse waarop omgewingsgeregtigheid uitdrukking vind in Amerikaanse en Indiese reg, sowel as in statutêre en administratiewe praktyk vergelykend geanaliseer. In die beoordeling van die Amerikaanse ervaring word tot die slotsom gekom dat die howe 'n ooglopende mate van selfbeheersing toon in die konsepsualisering van omgewingsgeregtigheid. As gevolg van die regsbank se nie-aktivistiese en formalistiese benadering, het dit in gebreke gebly om sistemiese omgewingsongelykhede aan te spreek, en om remedies te ontwikkel wat omgewingsgeregtigheid op 'n effektiewe en betekenisvolle wyse aanspreek. Die aktivistiese benadering van die Indiese regsbank aan die ander kant, lei tot meer effektiewe beskerming van die omgewing en diegene wat nadelig geaffekteer word deur omgewingsbeskadiging. Die regsbank plaas positiewe verpligtinge op die staat sodat die staat sy sosiale pligte kan nakom soos bepaal in die Direktiewe Beginselsin die Indiese Grondwet. Alhoewel Indië nie oor 'n grondwetlik verskanste omgewingsreg beskik nie, het die howe die reg op lewe pro-aktief geinterpreteer sodat dit ook die reg op lewenskwaliteit insluit. Die studie ondersoek verder die moontlike toepassings van die beginsel van omgewingsgeregtigheid vir die beskerming van omgewingsregte in Suid Afrika. Dit beoordeel die huidige reg en ondersoek nuwe rigtings in die lig van die Handves van Regte. In hierdie opsig word die volgende riglyne neergelê in hierdie studie: o Omgewingsprobleme in Suid Afrika moet binne 'n spesifieke historiese en politieke raamwerk geplaas word. Gevolglik moet omgewingsongeregtigheid verstaan word as 'n vorm van onbillikheid wat mense op grond van ras en sosioekonomiese status benadeel. D Die konsep "omgewing" behoort dus nie beperkend geinterpreteer te word nie, hetsy dit gebruik word in die grondwet, wetgewing of die gemene reg. Erkenning moet gegeeword daaraan dat die begrip wyer is as ekosisteme en dat dit 'n veelvoud van verhoudings insluit, baie waarvan mense die middelpunt vorm. D Eise rakende omgewingsgeregtigheid in Suid Afrika moet beskou word as grondwetlike eise. Nie net kom die omgewingsreg vervat in artike124 van die Grondwet ter sprake nie, maar ook aan ander regte soos die reg op lewe, gelykheid en menswaardigheid wat omgewingsgeregtigheid ondersteun. D Regterlike aktivisme is die sleutel tot die bevordering van omgewingsgregtigheid. Die regsbank speel 'n belangrike rol deurdat dit moet verseker dat die staat en ander rolspelers hul plig nakom om die regte in die Handves van Regte te respekteer, te beskerm en te bevorder. Transformasie vereis dus 'n regsbank wat bereid is om die tradisionele grense van die beginsel van magskeiding te heroorweeg en om riglyne neer te lê vir ander takke van die regering, spesifiek die uitvoerende gesag.

Thesis (LLM)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a response to the judgment of the Constitutional Court in South African Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath, in which certain provisions of the Special Investigating Units and Special Tribunals Act were subjected to constitutional review. The outcome of the case was the striking down of certain provisions of the Act as unconstitutional, and the removal of Judge Willem Heath from his position as head of the Unit. The provisions were said to infringe upon the principle of separation of powers, an implicit term of the Constitution of South Africa. This principle affects the extent of the judicial power because of its influence on determining the acceptability of extra-judicial functions. The doctrine of separation of powers is therefore considered in its historical and theoretical context, with particular reference to the way in which it tends to limit or define the role of judges. Following this analysis, the status of institutions supporting constitutional democracy is examined, and the legislation governing Special Investigating Units is compared with that which regulates the office of the Public Protector. As a result, some alternative legislative means of achieving the ends of the Units, namely the combating of state corruption and maladministration, are suggested. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis volg op die uitspraak van die Grondwetlike Hof in South African Personal Injury Lawyers v Heath, waarin sekere bepalings van die Wet op Spesiale Ondersoekeenhede en Spesiale Tribunale aan grondwetlike hersiening onderwerp is. Die uitkoms van die saak was dat sekere ongrondwetlike bepalings van die Wet ongeldig verklaar is, en dat Regter Willem Heath van sy posisie as hoof van die Eenheid onthef is. Dit is bevind dat die bepalings die beginsel van skeiding van magte, 'n implisiete term van die Suid-Afrikaanse Grondwet, geskend het. As gevolg van sy invloed op die bepaling van aanvaarbaarheid van buite-juridiese funksies, beïnvloed dié beginsel die omvang van die juridiese mag. Die skeiding van magte leerstuk word dus in sy historiese en teoretiese konteks oorweeg, met spesifieke verwysing na die manier waarop dit neig om die rol van regters te beperk of te omskryf. Na hierdie analise word die status ondersoek van instellings wat grondwetlike demokrasie ondersteun, en die wetgewing wat die Spesiale Ondersoekeenhede beheer, vergelyk met dié wat die Openbare Beskermer reguleer. Op grond hiervan word sekere alternatiewe wetgewende metodes voorgestelom die doeleindes van die Eenhede, naamlik die bekamping van staatskorrupsie en wanadministrasie, te bereik.

v anglickém jazyce The aim of this thesis named Development aspects of the relationship between judicial system and administrative structure in Czechoslovakia (1918-1938) considering the development of the German administrative justice is to analyse the basic development aspects of the relationship between executive and judicial power in Czechoslovakia. The capstones of the thesis are particularly state administration of the courts, territorial scope and administrative justice. Moreover, a comparative part describing the administrative justice and the gradual elimination of the separation of powers in Germany in the thirties was added. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first one introduces the matter. The second chapter defines the essential terms like separation of powers, executive and judicial power, state and public administration, judicial system, as well as state administration of the courts, territorial scope and administrative justice. The third chapter deals with the history of the relationship between administration and judicial system in Austria and Austro-Hungarian Empire in the second half of the 19th century. The following, most important chapter describes the constitutional development after the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1918. The fourth chapter is divided into...

[pt] O Judiciary Act, aprovado em 1925, tornou o writ of certiorari a principal forma de acesso à Suprema Corte dos Estados Unidos da América. Como seu exame de admissibilidade, diferentemente dos recursos ordinários, é feito discricionariamente (ou seja, não é tido como um direito da parte), os membros daquele tribunal passaram a escolher as questões constitucionais que estariam a merecer sua consideração. Esta solução foi adotada como forma de amenizar a carga de trabalho dos Justices, responsáveis pela uniformização do direito federal aplicável em todo o país, e trouxe importantes conseqüências ao papel desempenhado por eles no sistema jurídico-político estadunidense. A análise do writ of certiorari constitui o objeto da primeira parte desta dissertação, cuja relevância justifica-se pela aprovação, no final de 2004, da Emenda Constitucional nº 45, que concedeu ao Supremo Tribunal Federal poder semelhante, consistente na possibilidade de rejeição de recursos extraordinários por ausência de repercussão geral das questões constitucionais ali discutidas. A análise das conseqüências da ampliação do escopo do writ of certiorari e das modificações que acarretou na atuação da Suprema Corte norte-americana destina-se a fornecer elementos concretos para que se possa ao menos tentar prever o impacto que a repercussão geral - ainda não regulamentada pelo legislador ordinário - poderá ter sobre o Supremo Tribunal Federal e sobre o recurso extraordinário. / [en] The Judiciary Act, adopted in 1925 in the United States of America, transformed the Writ of Certiorari into the main form of appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, as it enabled the examination of admissibility, as opposed to the mandatory appeal, to be performed discretionarily (i.e. examination is not deemed a right of the Party). Therefore, members of the U.S. Supreme Court now select which particular constitutional issues deserve their consideration. This solution, adopted as a way to minimize the workload of the Justices responsible for making uniform federal laws applicable throughout the U.S., brought significant consequences to the role played by those Justices in the American legal and political system. An analysis of the Writ of Certiorari is the object of the first part of this monograph. Its relevance is straightforwardly justified by the approval, in late 2004, of the Brazilian Constitutional Amendment no. 45, which grants our Federal Supreme Court a similar power, i.e. the chance to dismiss extraordinary legal remedies on account of the constitutional issues therein discussed lacking General Repercussion. Finally, an analysis of the writ of certiorari scope and of the relevant changes introduced in the U.S. Supreme Court´s routine attempts to put forward concrete elements toward an incipient anticipation of the impacts which General Repercussion should eventually produce on the Brazilian Supreme Court as well as on extraordinary legal remedies themselves. (Our regular legislators have not yet reviewed General Repercussion in detail, though.)

[pt] Nas democracias contemporâneas, é notável a presença do Poder Judiciário e dos Tribunais Constitucionais na tomada de decisões que potencialmente dizem respeito a todos os integrantes de uma comunidade política. No Brasil, este fenômeno, designado por judicialização da política, fortaleceu-se com a promulgação da atual Constituição, que, além de ampliar as possibilidades interpretativas, aumentou sobremaneira a importância do Supremo Tribunal Federal nos processos de fiscalização abstrata de normas. Para analisá-lo, que põe em tensão Estado de Direito e Democracia, utiliza-se do debate teórico entre a perspectiva substancialista de Dworkin, acerca da democracia e do Judicial Review, e do procedimentalismo de Habermas, cuja ênfase no processo democrático resulta na defesa do Judiciário como protetor das condições necessárias à manutenção da democracia. Habermas supõe o potencial racionalizador do diálogo com uma ampla comunidade de intérpretes da Constituição para se produzir decisões corretas. Assim, dada a premissa - expansão judicial no Brasil -, e a opção teórica que aposta no diálogo oriundo da esfera pública no processo de concretização dos dispositivos constitucionais, esta dissertação analisa como o constituinte brasileiro concebeu o STF e a forma de seu acesso, para depois verificar, por meio das respectivas decisões, se o STF adota uma orientação que privilegia ou não o diálogo emergente da esfera pública, notadamente através do reconhecimento da comunidade de intérpretes, para legitimar suas decisões. / [en] In contemporary democracies, it´s notable the presence of Judicial Branch and Constitutional Courts taking decisions that potentially refers all whole members of a politic community. In Brazil, this phenomenon, called by Judicialization of Politics, braced with the promulgation of the current Constitution. This Constitution, besides to amplify interpretative possibilities, increased the authority of Brazilian Supreme Court in judicial review. To analyse this phenomenon, that causes a shock between Law State and Democracy, it takes theoric debate among the substantialist perspective of Dworkin about democracy and Judicial Review and the procedimentalism of Habermas, whose emphasis in democratic process results in defense of Judicial Branch as guardian of necessary conditions for democracy maintenance. Habermas supposes rationalized potential of dialogue with a wide Constitution interpreters community to produce correct decisions. So, this premise - judicial expansion in Brazil - and this theoric option that bets in dialogue derived from public sphere in the materialization process of constitutional dispositives, this dissertation analyses how Brazilian constituent conceived Brazilian Supreme Court and its access way, for after verify, through Supreme Court decisions, if this tribunal adopts an orientation that favour or not the emergency dialogue of public sphere, notably through recognition of interpreters community to legitimate its decisions.

O dogma da neutralidade na prestação jurisdicional nasce juntamente com o Estado moderno liberal como corolário do princípio da separação dos poderes e como tentativa de minimização da influência do subjetivismo do julgador sobre as decisões tomadas. Naquela época, acreditava-se que somente julgamentos pautados estritamente nos comandos legais é que seriam justos, porque respeitariam a vontade popular expressa nas normas. Entretanto, ao lado desse imperativo, que ainda se faz presente na atualidade, parece haver uma crise do sistema democrático, que vê reduzida paulatinamente sua representatividade, com a consequente perda da legitimidade das leis, até então expressão da vontade popular. Diante desse quadro, o presente trabalho se propôs a problematizar, filosoficamente, o imperativo de neutralidade na prestação jurisdicional, indagando a respeito de sua adequação ao contexto social brasileiro contemporâneo. Para tanto, recorreu-se à obra de LUIS ALBERTO WARAT, jusfilósofo que, dentre outras contribuições, desenvolveu a concepção de senso comum teórico dos juristas, como tentativa de evidenciar a existência de uma série de representações, imagens e crenças consolidadas na ciência e na prática do Direito, que são tidas como enunciados científicos mas que não passam de mero senso comum cristalizado e carregado de ideologia. Assim, a partir da obra waratiana, situada no contexto da Filosofia da Linguagem, tentou-se responder à seguinte questão: é possível cogitar de neutralidade na prestação jurisdicional se os magistrados, em sua prática cotidiana, lidam com um saber jurídico repleto de ideologia e se o próprio ato de conhecer não parece sujeito a critérios de objetividade? A conclusão a que se chegou é que a atuação judicial não é, e nem pode ser, neutra. E, também, que a neutralidade no exercício da magistratura, frente a um cenário de profundas desigualdades sociais, não é desejável, porque implica a manutenção e reprodução do senso comum teórico dos juristas, com a consequente perpetuação do status quo e o aniquilamento do potencial transformador da magistratura. / The dogma of neutrality in adjudication comes together to the Modern liberal state as a corollary of the principle of separation of powers, in attempt to minimize the influence of the subjectivism of the magistrates on the decisions taken. At that time, it was believed that only judgments based strictly on the ruled legal commands were fair, because they respected the popular will expressed in their standards. However, alongside this imperative, which is still present nowadays, there seems to be a crisis of the democratic system, which loses gradually its representativeness, so that the laws are not more expression of the will of the people. Considering this situation, this work intended to question, philosophically, the need for neutrality in adjudication, asking about their adequacy to Brazilian contemporary social context. Therefore, appealed to the work of LUIS ALBERTO WARAT, author that, among other contributions, developed the concept of theorist common sense of jurists in an attempt to prove the existence of a series of representations, images and beliefs statements in science and practice of Law, which are regarded as scientific statements but are only common sense crystallized and loaded with ideology. Thus, from WARATs work, which is situated in the context of Philosophy of Language, we tried to answer the following question: Is it possible for judges to act with neutrality if they, in their daily practice, deal with a legal knowledge full of ideology and the act of knowing cannot reach objectivity? The conclusion reached is that the judicial action is not and cannot be neutral. And, also, that the neutrality of the magistrates is not desirable, considering the scene of deep social inequalities in Brazil contemporary, because it involves the maintenance and reproduction of common sense theory of lawyers, with the consequent perpetuation of the status quo and the annihilation of the transforming potential from the judiciary.

A Constituição Federal de 1988 inseriu no ordenamento jurídico uma série de direitos e garantias fundamentais. Dentre eles, pode-se citar a divisão de poderes, a qual distribuiu no texto constitucional o papel de cada ente estatal, sobretudo, para o presente estudo, a função relativa ao Judiciário. Nesse esteio, pode-se afirmar que tanto as normas promulgadas no período pós 1988, como as que foram recebidas pelo novo ordenamento, passaram a ser analisadas sob o espectro do prisma principiológico. As normas procedimentais e processuais coordenam os trilhos da aplicação do Direito ao caso concreto e a formação do Direito para o caso abstrato. No entanto, há que se mitigar toda aplicabilidade ordinária pelo tempero dos princípios. Essa pesquisa terá como guia a colisão entre os princípios processuais da efetividade e da instrumentalidade em face do devido processo legal. Tem-se por premissa que o percurso do devido processo deve servir como ferramenta para a busca pela decisão final de mérito e consequente pacificação social. Caso contrário, em nada serviria todo o aparato do judiciário disponibilizado para a população. Desse modo, o presente estudo propõe uma análise sobre a atuação do Estado-Juiz no que tange ao ativismo processual. Diante do objetivo maior, qual seja a necessidade de efetivação dos direitos fundamentais e sociais, o fenômeno do ativismo judicial às vezes esquecido, às vezes exacerbado, se mostra como ferramenta necessária no contexto destacado. / The Federal Constitutional of 1988 introduces at the legal system a series of fundamental rights and guarantees. Among them, its significant the division of powers, which distributed in the Constitution the role of each state entity, above all, for this study, the judiciary function. Thus, it can be said that both the rules promulgated in the period after 1988 as those received by the new system, have been analyzed through the principles spectrum prism. The procedural rules coordinate the application of law to the cases and the creation of law for abstract case. However, it is necessary to mitigate any regular applicability with the principles orientation. This research tries are the collision between the procedural principles of effectiveness and instrumentality in the face of due process of law. As premised the route of due process should serve as a tool to the final decision and consequent social peace. Otherwise, it would be unnecessary the entire legal apparatus available to the public. Lastly, this study proposes an analysis about the performance of the Judge-State regarding the judicial activism. Looking to a larger goal, the need for enforcement of fundamental and social rights, the judicial activism phenomenon sometimes forgotten, sometimes exacerbated, shown itself as a necessary tool in the context highlighted.

O objetivo do presente trabalho consistiu na identificação de elementos valorativos e perceptivos que o Poder Judiciário tem em relação ao agente de segurança penitenciária (ASP), discriminando temas, ênfases e tendências. Para a sua consecução, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semidirigidas com juízes atuantes em Varas de Execução Criminal do Estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do estado da arte demonstrou a pluralidade de ângulos sob os quais a temática relativa aos agentes penitenciários vem sendo estudada. O levantamento bibliográfico revelou ser escassa a literatura sobre a percepção do Poder Judiciário acerca dos ASPs. Foram criadas, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, dez categorias de análise: preparo, papel e formas de atuação do ASP; relacionamento entre os ASPs e o Poder Judiciário; relacionamento entre ASP e preso; relacionamento entre ASP e a direção da unidade prisional em que trabalham; probidade dos ASPs; vulnerabilidade e segurança do ASP no exercício da sua profissão; valorização, por parte do Poder Judiciário, do depoimento do ASP; condições de trabalho do ASP; fatores emocionais relacionados ao trabalho do ASP; impacto do crime organizado na atuação do ASP. Da apresentação e análise dos dados resultaram 18 súmulas analítico-descritivas. No capítulo destinado às conclusões, foram apresentadas as principais contribuições desta pesquisa, as quais consistiram na identificação dos principais temas que premeiam a visão do Judiciário sobre os ASPs e dentro deles as tendências e as ênfases prevalecentes. Estes temas foram agrupados em cinco linhas perceptivas: função do ASP: ressocializadora vs. disciplinar ênfase sobre a valorização da ressocialização; poder do ASP tendência dos juízes em respaldar o ASP para aumentar seu poder e ênfase no rearranjo no equilíbrio de poder em face da atuação das facções criminosas; influência da facção criminosa no trabalho do ASP ênfase sobre o atentado à probidade do agente e ao aumento de vulnerabilidade dos ASPs; impactos psicossociais do trabalho do ASP ênfase no adoecimento decorrente da prática profissional e no processo de prisionalização; e contexto de atuação do ASP ênfase na insalubridade e nos aspectos relativos à carreira do ASP. A seguir, é apresentado um conjunto de reflexões críticas com base nos resultados da pesquisa, na análise da literatura estudada e em diálogo com as vivências profissionais da pesquisadora. Em seguida, foram sugeridos temas para novas pesquisas e, por fim, propostas de interação envolvendo os principais especialistas e atores no processo de execução penal. / The objective of this work is to identify the perceptions and value attributed to Penitentiary Correctional Officers (PCOs) by the Judiciary, pointing out themes, emphases, and trends. This work was accomplished through eight semi-directed interviews conducted with judges active in the Criminal Court on the Enforcement of Sentences of the State of Sao Paulo. The execution of this work has demonstrated the wide array of ways in which correctional officers are studied. The bibliographical search has revealed a scarcity of literature referring to the Judiciary\'s perception of the PCOs. Ten categories of analysis emerged from the interviews conducted: the preparation, role and work of the PCOs; the relationship between the PCOs and the Judiciary; the relationship between the PCO and the incarcerated; the relationship between the PCOs and the management of the prison unit in which they work; probity of the PCOs; vulnerability and security of the PCOs in the workplace; credit of the PCOs testament, as perceived by the Judiciary; work conditions of the PCOs; emotional factors related to the work of the PCOs; and the impact of organized crime in the work of the PCOs. The presentation and analysis of the data resulted in 18 descriptive-analytic summaries. The concluding chapter presents the main contributions of this research, consisting in the identification of the main themes that inform the vision of the Judiciary regarding PCOs and its prevailing emphases and trends. These themes were grouped into five lines of thought: the function of the PCO: resocializing vs. disciplinary - emphasis on the value of resocialization: the power of the PCO - the tendency of the judges in supporting PCOs to increase their power and the emphasis in the rearrangement of the balance of power vis-a-vis criminal factions; the influence of the criminal faction in the work of the PCO -- emphasis on the attempts to discredit PCOs and increasing vulnerability of the PCOs; psycho-social impact of the work of the PCO - emphasis on illness associated with the work and imprisonment; and context of the work of the PCO - emphasis on the unhealthfulness relative to the career of the PCO. Next follow critical reflections based on research results, the analysis of the literature review, and in dialogue with the professional experiences of the researcher. Following that is a presentation of themes for future research and, finally, a proposal for the evolving interaction of the primary specialists and actors in the process of penal execution.

OBJETIVO: Analisar como o Poder Judiciário vem garantindo o direito social à assistência farmacêutica e qual a relação do sistema jurídico e político na garantia a esse direito. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os processos judiciais de fornecimento de medicamentos pelo Estado de São Paulo, de 1997 a 2004. Utilizou-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo para identificar os discursos dos atores que compõem os processos judiciais. RESULTADOS: Os discursos dos juízes subsidiaram a condenação do Estado em 96,4% dos casos analisados. O Estado foi condenado a fornecer o medicamento nos exatos moldes do pedido do autor, inclusive quando o medicamento não possuía registro na Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (9,6% dos casos analisados). Observou-se que 100% dos processos estudados foram propostos por autores individuais; em 77,4% o autor requer o fornecimento de medicamento específico de determinado laboratório farmacêutico e; em 93,5% dos casos, o medicamentos são concedidos judicialmente ao autor em caráter de urgência, por meio de medida liminar. CONCLUSÕES: O Poder Judiciário, ao proferir suas decisões, não toma conhecimento dos elementos constantes na política pública de medicamentos, editada conforme o direito para dar concretude ao direito social à assistência farmacêutica. E assim, vem prejudicando a tomada de decisões coletivas pelo sistema político nesse âmbito, sobrepondo as necessidades individuais dos autores dos processos às necessidades coletivas. / OBJECTIVE: To evaluate how the Judicial Power safeguards the social right to pharmaceutical assistance as well as the relationships between the legal and political systems to safeguard this right. METHODS: There were assessed decisions in lawsuits of drug supply in the state of São Paulo, Southern Brazil, between 1997 and 2004. Discourse of the Collective Subject of procedural actors was the methodological approach used. RESULTS: In 96.4% of the cases analyzed, judges discourse sentenced the State. these cases, the State was obliged to provide drugs exactly as requested by the plaintiff, even when drugs were not registered in the National Health Surveillance Agency (9.6% of cases). Also, 100% of the lawsuits were proposed by individual plaintiffs; in 77.4% of the cases the plaintiff requested an specific drug of a specific pharmaceutical company; and in 93,5%, the drugs were provided to the plaintiff through an urgent preliminary order. CONCLUSIONS: The Judicial Power is not taking into account in its decisions political elements of drug policies, established to enforce the social right to pharmaceutical assistance. The Judicial Power is hindering the collective decision making process by the political system, prioritizing plaintiffs individual needs over community interests.

Submitted by Jadson Francisco de Jesus SILVA (jadson@uefs.br) on 2018-01-26T22:13:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O de Diego Bruno de Souza Pires - Mestrado em EDUCA??O - UEFS.pdf: 1389424 bytes, checksum: 422a49b848bb4125c5c8f71f3b3e05b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-26T22:13:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O de Diego Bruno de Souza Pires - Mestrado em EDUCA??O - UEFS.pdf: 1389424 bytes, checksum: 422a49b848bb4125c5c8f71f3b3e05b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-20 / This research deals with judicialization of education, highlighting the characteristics of academic productions produced by postgraduate programs in Brazil from 2000 to 2010, and the perspectives to understand this phenomenon, especially for the feasibility of the right to education. Thus, we aim to analyze - in a systematic way - the academic productions about the judicialization of education produced by the postgraduate programs in education in Brazil and to qualify the possible changes in the focuses and dimensions of these productions in the period from 2000 to 2010, as well as mapping these productions to characterize their directions and understanding to the possible contributions to the constitution of educational policies. This is a qualitative study of the state of knowledge and, therefore, seeks to apprehend the tendencies in academic production based on thematic categories, exploring the repertoire of the selected texts, their argumentative characteristics, theoretical and methodological options and context. It has as a north a historical understanding of the right to education, from the understanding brought by Norberto Bobbio. In this approach, the right to education, the Judicialization and the Reservation of the possible were chosen as categories of analysis. In the analyzed productions the diversity of dimensions and terminologies are perceived, defending the judicialization as an instrument that imposed access to school, but, at the same time, it has become a phenomenon that for some time has extrapolated this limit, to cover thematic and diverse approaches such as the quality of education and education, and also to stimulate fronts of interventions such as supervising, interfering and formulating public policies and, in some cases, controlling didactics and school pedagogy, mitigating executive skills. / Esta pesquisa p?e em relevo o tema da judicializa??o da educa??o, tomando como quest?o as caracter?sticas das produ??es acad?micas sobre a judicializa??o da educa??o produzidas pelos programas de p?s-gradua??o em educa??o no Brasil, no per?odo de 2000 a 2010, e as perspectivas que elas aportam para o entendimento desse fen?meno, especialmente para a exequibilidade do direito ? educa??o. Com isso, temos o objetivo de analisar - de forma sistem?tica - as produ??es acad?micas sobre a judicializa??o da educa??o produzidas pelos programas de p?s-gradua??o em educa??o no Brasil e qualificar as poss?veis mudan?as nos enfoques e dimens?es dessa produ??o no per?odo de 2000 a 2010, bem como fazer um mapeamento dessas produ??es no sentido de caracterizar seus direcionamentos e compreender suas poss?veis contribui??es para a constitui??o da ?rea de pol?ticas educacionais. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo estado de conhecimento e que, portanto, busca apreender as tend?ncias na produ??o acad?mica baseando-se em categorias tem?ticas, explorando o repert?rio dos textos selecionados, suas caracter?sticas argumentativas, op??es te?rico-metodol?gicas e o contexto circunstanciado. Tem-se como norte uma compreens?o hist?rica do direito ? educa??o, a partir do entendimento trazido por Norberto Bobbio. Neste enfoque, elegeu-se como categorias de an?lise o Direito ? educa??o, a Judicializa??o e a Reserva do poss?vel. Nas produ??es analisadas se faz percept?vel a diversidade de dimens?es e terminologias, defendendo a judicializa??o como um instrumento que impunha o acesso a escola, mas, ao mesmo tempo tem se constituindo em um fen?meno que j? h? algum tempo extrapolou esse limite, passando a abranger tem?ticas e enfoques variados, tais como a qualidade do ensino e da educa??o, passando tamb?m a estimular frentes de interven??es tais como fiscalizar, interferir e formular as pol?ticas p?blicas e, em alguns casos, controlar a did?tica e a pedagogia escolar, mitigando as compet?ncias executivas.