The title of this diploma thesis is knowledge and preparedness of the population to provide first aid in case of an extraordinary events. It is divided into two main parts, that is the theoretical part and the empirical part of the thesis. The theoretical part of this diploma thesis is contained in one main chapter named Current status that contains several subheads. In the consecutive successive subheads we define the definition of first aid and its history. Moreover they contain characteris-tics and division of the Slovakian Integrated rescue system and the activity of the IRS coordination center. Within first aid and its procedure, this diploma thesis contains cha-racterizations of the first approach to the befallen, the characteristics of the rescue chain and the appointment and detailed description of life-saving activities. The next subhead contains selection of dangerous accidents with the tendency of direct threat to life and their treatment in the means of first aid. Further away we created an individual subhead about the procedure at the casualty site with a large number of the befallen persons. A very important element of first aid is the psychological effect on the befallen. This is described in the subhead Providing of psychological first aid at the casualty site. The next subhead describes the most common myths, miscues and mistakes in providing of amateur first aid. Many amateur rescuers stand by inactively in situations when help is needed, they feel that their knowledge of providing first aid is not sufficient and they are afraid. All of these negative factors cost the befallen valuable seconds that are nee-ded for saving a life and that is why it´s important to increase the public awareness abo-ut providing first aid. The individual subhead about extraordinary events contains basic characteristics of this problem and the description of chosen, most commonly occurring extraordinary events that endanger the residents of Slovakia. Seeing that the chosen method of this diploma thesis is a questionnaire and subsequently statistical evaluation of acquired data, it was necessary to include the statistical methods in the theoretical part of the thesis. The last part of the theoretical part of this diploma thesis is the des-cription of basic descriptive statistics methods and the description of the mathematical statistics methods, that are applied in the empirical part of the thesis. The empirical part of this diploma thesis begins with an assessment of aims and two hypothesis, that focus on ascertaining of the degree of theoretical knowledge of civilians about the providing of first aid in different kinds of extraordinary events. The methodical part of the thesis describes the way of collecting the data using a questionna-ire, it closely describes the characteristics of object file, inquiry progression and results processing. The results describe individual questions and their evaluation and subsequ-ently course of statistical inquiry and comparing its results using the methods of des-criptive and mathematical statistics. The last chapter of this diploma thesis is focused on the discussion about acquired results from the individual questions inquiries and subse-quently the description of the results of statistical inquiry. This part of the thesis further away contains practical recommendations that emerge from acquired results and their application.

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T19:34:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO VIANA DE OLIVEIRA FILHO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 2742095 bytes, checksum: 2411b55cfc0a30543ea9545dfd09467e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T19:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO VIANA DE OLIVEIRA FILHO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2017.pdf: 2742095 bytes, checksum: 2411b55cfc0a30543ea9545dfd09467e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Capes / Essa dissertação busca reconstruir a história do grupo de Penitentes Peregrinos Públicos, através das narrativas vindas das mulheres e homens remanescentes dessa irmandade. O grupo surge na década de 1970, na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, através da iniciativa do primeiro líder da irmandade, mestre José Aves de Jesus, que teria abandonado sua vida “profana” na cidade de Caruaru, Pernambuco, para dedicar-se a um novo modelo de vida na “terra da Mãe de Deus”. A pregação desse penitente pautava-se em um forte ascetismo que incluía a privação de bens materiais, trabalho formal e a instituição da mendicância como identidade penitencial do grupo. A maioria das regras propostas pelo penitente foi extraída de antigos manuais católicos do século XIX e início do século XX, em especial o livro Missão Abreviada (1859) e o texto Machadinha de Noé (1931), considerados sagrados pela irmandade. Com a morte do Mestre José no ano 2000, a irmandade passou por importantes mudanças que transformaram sobremaneira a forma organizacional do grupo como também as próprias interpretações sobre os elementos sagrados dessa comunidade. Uma das principais marcas desse período inscreve-se na relação dessas pessoas com vários elementos do “mundo moderno”: tecnologia, dinheiro e trabalho, por exemplo. Novas narrativas surgem, antigas interpretações são revistas, mitos ganham novos contornos e a história dos Penitentes Peregrinos Públicos revela a complexidade que existe nas maneiras como as tradições são vividas no tempo. / This dissertation seeks to reconstruct the history of the group of Public Pilgrims Penitents, through narratives from the remaining women and men of this brotherhood. The group appears in the 1970’s, in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, through the initiative of the first leader of the brotherhood, master José Aves de Jesus, who had abandoned his "profane" life in the city of Caruaru, Pernambuco, to devote to a new lifestyle in the "land of the Mother of God". The preaching of this penitent was based on a strong asceticism that included the deprivation of material goods, formal work and the institution of begging as the group's penitential identity. Most of the rules proposed by the penitent were drawn from ancient Catholic manuals of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, especially the book Missão Abreviada (1859) (Abbreviated Mission) and the text Machadinha de Noé (1931) (Noah's Hatchet), both considered sacred by the brotherhood. With the death of Master José in the year 2000, the group underwent important changes that greatly transformed the organizational form of the group, as well as the own interpretations on the sacred elements of the brotherhood. One of the main marks of this period is the relation of these people to various elements of the "modern world": technology, money and work, for example. New narratives arise, old interpretations are revised, myths gain new contours, and the history of the Public Pilgrims Penitents reveals the complexity that exists in the ways traditions are lived through time.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-15T14:22:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana da Cunha Sampaio.pdf: 2908298 bytes, checksum: e305319ef2ddba23186a90366fe3e55e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T14:22:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana da Cunha Sampaio.pdf: 2908298 bytes, checksum: e305319ef2ddba23186a90366fe3e55e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study aims to draw a profile of female participation in lay brotherhoods at Recife, in the second half of 18th century, especially in the Rosary of the Black Brotherhood of St. Anthony, from the clash between the ideal type of woman built and distributed by Tridentine Catholic Church and the reality experienced by women in Portuguese America in that period. The brotherhoods were formed in Brazil since the beginning of colonization, from the consensual union of religious and lay people from ethnic groups or professionals, around the devotion to a holly protector. These associations were shaped as an important area of exercise of religion, sociability and assistance. Having significant influence on daily life of its members and on the place’s social life where they were established, they appear as a favorable space to the study of the relationships built between men and women, because through them we can visualize the applicability of the Catholic’s discourse surrounded by the delegated powers of both genders. For this purpose, we use the genre as a category of analysis, since it allows the study of power relations between male and female figure. We put this research in the field of socio-cultural history, which consists in examining the relations between social groups from the prevailing culture, in this case, the transplanted baroque culture of the Iberian Peninsula and modified by contact with native and African cultural nuances. We will use to do this study commitments statutes of brotherhood, its administrative documents, the Anais Pernambucanos, the First Constitutions of Archbishop of Bahia and educational manuals and behavior. We aim, for this way, to help to broaden the knowledge of regional historiography about the subject proposal. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo traçar um perfil da participação feminina nas irmandades leigas em Recife, na segunda metade do século XVIII, em especial na Irmandade do Rosário dos Pretos de Santo Antônio, a partir do embate entre o modelo de mulher ideal construído e difundido pela Igreja Católica Tridentina e a realidade vivenciada pelas mulheres na América Portuguesa naquele período. As irmandades se formaram no Brasil, desde o início da colonização, a partir da união consensual de leigos religiosos e de grupos étnicos ou profissionais, em torno da devoção a um(a) santo(a) protetor(a). Essas associações se configuraram como importante espaço de exercício da religiosidade, da sociabilidade e do assistencialismo. Possuindo significativa influência no cotidiano dos seus membros e na vida social do local onde se estabeleciam, elas apresentam-se como espaço favorável ao estudo das relações construídas entre homens e mulheres, pois através delas conseguimos visualizar a aplicabilidade do discurso católico em torno das atribuições delegadas a ambos os sexos. Para isso, utilizamos o gênero como categoria de análise, já que o mesmo possibilita o estudo das relações de poder estabelecidas entre a figura masculina e feminina. Inserimos esta pesquisa no campo da história sócio-cultural, que consiste em analisar as relações entre os grupos sociais a partir da cultura vigente, neste caso, a cultura barroca transplantada da Península Ibérica e modificada pelo contato com matrizes culturais nativas e africanas. Utilizaremos para realizar esse estudo estatutos compromissais das confrarias, seus documentos administrativos, os Anais Pernambucanos, as Constituições Primeiras do Arcebispado da Bahia e manuais educacionais e de comportamento. Visamos, deste modo, a contribuir para ampliar os conhecimentos da historiografia regional acerca da temática proposta.

O debate sobre a laicidade do Estado sempre esteve presente em diversos âmbitos de discussão, políticos, sociais e acadêmicos. Não obstante, se faz necessário o fortalecimento dos recursos argumentativos para lidar com a questão de forma concreta. A constituição federal de 1988 não declara expressamente que o Brasil é laico, mas traz de forma consolidada todos os elementos que formam este entendimento. Isso se dá pela caracterização do Estado democrático garantidor da igualdade e da liberdade inclusive religiosa de seus cidadãos. Soma-se a isso a determinação constitucional de separação institucional entre o Estado e a religião. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho se propõe a fazer uma análise da proteção jurídico-constitucional do princípio da laicidade no Brasil e seus desdobramentos práticos. A efetivação do princípio da laicidade é um processo em construção e, deste modo, é necessário o amadurecimento democrático e esforço positivo das instituições públicas para sua realização. É feito inicialmente o levantamento da construção histórica da laicidade no país e a tentativa de organizar alguns conceitos teóricos sobre o tema, na perspectiva de alinhar entendimentos usados durante o trabalho. Parte-se então para a análise do caráter constitucional do princípio da laicidade e os significados decorrentes desse diagnóstico. Sendo um tema complexo, diretamente relacionado aos parâmetros sociais que compõe o Estado brasileiro, é necessário discutir os aspectos democráticos importantes para a concretização do princípio da laicidade, abordando a dicotomia entre democracia e constitucionalismo, bem como algumas considerações sobre a presença religiosa na esfera pública. Por fim, considerando justamente o processo em construção para consolidação da laicidade, são analisados casos concretos referentes ao tema, visando à compreensão do grau atual de efetivação do princípio no país e os desafios que se impõem para a garantia do preceito constitucional. / The debate over the laicity (from the French concept laïcité) of the state has always been present in the political, social and academic arenas. Nevertheless, it is necessary to strengthen the analytic resources to concretely deal with this issue. The federal constitution of 1988 does not expressly state that Brazil is a laic state, but, all-together, one can read all the elements that lead to such an understanding. This is the effect of the characterization of the democratic state that guarantees equality and freedom - including the religious freedom- of its citizens. The constitutional determination of an institutional separation between state and religion is also another factor. In this perspective, this thesis aims to make an analysis of the legal and constitutional protection of the principle of laicity in Brazil and its practical consequences. The implementation of the principle of laicity is an ongoing process and thus the democratic maturing and conscious effort of the public institutions are necessary. The thesis begins with the historical development of laicity in the country as well as of some theoretical concepts on the subject. Later, the constitutional character of the principle of laicity and the meanings arising from this diagnosis are analyzed. Relevant democratic aspects for the implementation of the principle of laicity, regarding the dichotomy between democracy and constitutionalism, as well as some thoughts on the religious presence in the public sphere could not be avoided, since the issue is a complex one, directly related to the social parameters that make up the Brazilian State. Finally, considering the ongoing process for the consolidation of laicity, the concrete cases on the subject are also scrutinized, aiming to understand the actual degree of realization of the principle in the country and the challenges imposed to guarantee the constitutional guideline.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:49:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jose Batista da Costa Sobrinho.pdf: 656452 bytes, checksum: 0d7996a8084e36759516c9f65f162851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-08-09 / This dissertation is the result of research, in which the profile of the gender relationships within the Conselho Nacional de Leigos e Leigas Católicos do Brasil was examined. To produce this profile we resorted to the theory of philosophy, linguistics, anthropology, history of sociology, psychology and psychoanalyses which forms the interdisciplinary methodological background of this dissertation. We argue that men and women, daily and historically are the product of singular and plural relationships. Some live in permanent relationships that imply both the search for differences as well as similarities, in their complex socio-cultural interaction. As all human relationship occur within history, we contextualised the group and synthesized their history. In the synthesis, it is sustained that the foundation of the group occurred during the military dictatorship and the their history has been marked by intense creativity in living their daily human relationships. The profile of gender is painted by means of careful interpretation of twelve variables. An analyses of these variables was demanded due to complex gender relationship experienced. With this the leadership of the CNL was able to live positively new gender relationships, seeking community, communion and autonomy. Based on this profile future actions amongst the leadership of the group is proposed and analysed. / Essa dissertação é o resultado da pesquisa, em que é esboçado o perfil da vivência das relações de gênero no Conselho Nacional de Leigos e Leigas Católicos do Brasil. Para traçá-lo, recorreu-se a aportes teóricos da filosofia, da lingüística, da antropologia, da história, da sociologia, da psicologia e da psicanálise, gerando um embasamento teórico e metodológico interdisciplinar. Sustenta-se que homens e mulheres, cotidiana e historicamente, são tecidos por singulares e plurais relações. Uns e outros vivem em permanentes relações que implicam tanto a busca da diferença quanto da igualdade, em complexas interações sócio-culturais. Como toda relação humana ocorre na história, então, contextualiza-se o grupo e efetua-se a síntese de sua história. Na síntese, é sustentado que a fundação do grupo ocorreu em contexto da ditadura militar e que sua trajetória histórica ficou marcada por intensa criatividade em vivenciar, cotidianamente, novas relações humanas. O perfil de gênero é pintado por meio de uma cuidadosa interpretação dos sinais em doze variáveis. A análise das variáveis foi exigência para a expressão da complexa relação de gênero vivida. Com isto, ficou desenhado que as lideranças do CNL conseguiram viver, positivamente, novas relações de gênero. Perpassa as novas relações a constante busca da comunhão e da autonomia. Em base ao perfil deslindado, são indicadas futuras ações entre as lideranças do grupo analisado.

The attack on Charlie Hebdo in January 2015 caused political statements and academic reflections principally on the danger to constitutional principle of french laicism and republican values, without detriment to the references to freedom of expression and other rights as to the relationship with terrorist attacks in november 13 in Paris in the same year. The purpose of this work is the understanding and application of this constitutional principle in the present circumstances in France. The point of reference is the legal basis, the recent national jurisprudence and consideration of this in the international legal community. / El atentado contra Charlie Hebdo en enero de 2015 provocó declaraciones políticas y reflexiones académicas sobre, principalmente, la amenaza que significó para el principio constitucional de laicidad francés y los valores de la República, sin perjuicio de la mención a la libertad de expresión y otros derechos, así como a la relación con los ataques terroristas cometidos el 13 de noviembre en París en el mismo año. El objeto de este trabajo es la comprensión y aplicación de este principio constitucional en las circunstancias actuales en Francia, tomando en cuenta sus fundamentos jurídicos, la reciente jurisprudencia nacional y la consideración sobre este principio en la comunidad jurídica internacional.

O debate sobre a laicidade do Estado sempre esteve presente em diversos âmbitos de discussão, políticos, sociais e acadêmicos. Não obstante, se faz necessário o fortalecimento dos recursos argumentativos para lidar com a questão de forma concreta. A constituição federal de 1988 não declara expressamente que o Brasil é laico, mas traz de forma consolidada todos os elementos que formam este entendimento. Isso se dá pela caracterização do Estado democrático garantidor da igualdade e da liberdade inclusive religiosa de seus cidadãos. Soma-se a isso a determinação constitucional de separação institucional entre o Estado e a religião. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho se propõe a fazer uma análise da proteção jurídico-constitucional do princípio da laicidade no Brasil e seus desdobramentos práticos. A efetivação do princípio da laicidade é um processo em construção e, deste modo, é necessário o amadurecimento democrático e esforço positivo das instituições públicas para sua realização. É feito inicialmente o levantamento da construção histórica da laicidade no país e a tentativa de organizar alguns conceitos teóricos sobre o tema, na perspectiva de alinhar entendimentos usados durante o trabalho. Parte-se então para a análise do caráter constitucional do princípio da laicidade e os significados decorrentes desse diagnóstico. Sendo um tema complexo, diretamente relacionado aos parâmetros sociais que compõe o Estado brasileiro, é necessário discutir os aspectos democráticos importantes para a concretização do princípio da laicidade, abordando a dicotomia entre democracia e constitucionalismo, bem como algumas considerações sobre a presença religiosa na esfera pública. Por fim, considerando justamente o processo em construção para consolidação da laicidade, são analisados casos concretos referentes ao tema, visando à compreensão do grau atual de efetivação do princípio no país e os desafios que se impõem para a garantia do preceito constitucional. / The debate over the laicity (from the French concept laïcité) of the state has always been present in the political, social and academic arenas. Nevertheless, it is necessary to strengthen the analytic resources to concretely deal with this issue. The federal constitution of 1988 does not expressly state that Brazil is a laic state, but, all-together, one can read all the elements that lead to such an understanding. This is the effect of the characterization of the democratic state that guarantees equality and freedom - including the religious freedom- of its citizens. The constitutional determination of an institutional separation between state and religion is also another factor. In this perspective, this thesis aims to make an analysis of the legal and constitutional protection of the principle of laicity in Brazil and its practical consequences. The implementation of the principle of laicity is an ongoing process and thus the democratic maturing and conscious effort of the public institutions are necessary. The thesis begins with the historical development of laicity in the country as well as of some theoretical concepts on the subject. Later, the constitutional character of the principle of laicity and the meanings arising from this diagnosis are analyzed. Relevant democratic aspects for the implementation of the principle of laicity, regarding the dichotomy between democracy and constitutionalism, as well as some thoughts on the religious presence in the public sphere could not be avoided, since the issue is a complex one, directly related to the social parameters that make up the Brazilian State. Finally, considering the ongoing process for the consolidation of laicity, the concrete cases on the subject are also scrutinized, aiming to understand the actual degree of realization of the principle in the country and the challenges imposed to guarantee the constitutional guideline.

First aid is defined as a set of simple procedures that effectively reduce the extants or consequences of the threats to health or life. The first aid procedures are defined in the so- called Guidelines published by the European Resuscition Council (ERC) every five years. Even so, wrong procedures and myths are still present in the population. These could endanger peoples' health or cause death. In this diploma thesis, these incorrect procedures are called misconceptions. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the present misconceptions among general population and teachers in the Czech Republic, their dispersion and sources. The outcomes of this study are compared with results of the Czech Elementary school and Grammar school teachers determined by Zvěřinová (2018). Secondary aim is to analyze dissemination of misconceptions among the respondents from general public that had some first aid training in their life and to find out, if the extant of the training is relevant. Also, the level of first aid training at all levels of education is assessed. The research was realized by an online questionnaire. The main part of the questionnaire contains 10 case studies and the respondents decide on accuracy of the given solutions. The research sample consists of 1 046 respondents from three categories...

[pt] Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar a liberdade religiosa e a liberdade de expressão ambos como normas fundamentais, cláusulas pétreas do Estado Constitucional Democrático de Direito, em face da também constitucional laicização do Estado moderno, analisando os limites desta se suas respectivas efetividades partindo do princípio da liberdade religiosa, tendo em vista que tal relacionamento entre ambas é composta de colisões. A pesquisa mostrará a dimensão da experiência religiosa do homem como fundamento material e a função da religião como sistema social, um breve panorama histórico da relação entre Estado e religião no início da era cristã até o processo de laicização do Estado Moderno, liberdade religiosa e a liberdade de expressão na Constituinte de 1988, até onde pode ir um discurso de um líder religioso de matriz cristã revestido pela liberdade religiosa e da liberdade de expressão e também algumas propostas para estas situações problemáticas da prática jurídica contemporânea, refletindo sobre possíveis encaminhamentos no sentido da efetivação da liberdade religiosa em consonância com a laicização do Estado Democrático de Direito. / [en] This dissertation aims to analyze religious freedom and freedom of expression, both as fundamental norms, essential clauses of the Democratic Constitutional State of Law, in the face of the also constitutional secularization of the modern State, analyzing the limits of this and their respective effectiveness based on the principle of religious freedom, considering that such a relationship between the two is composed of collisions. The research will show the dimension of man s religious experience as a material foundation and the function of religion as a social system, a brief historical overview of the relationship between State and religion from the beginning of the Christian era to the secularization process of the Modern State, religious freedom and the freedom of expression in the 1988 Constituent Assembly, how far can a speech by a religious leader of a Christian matrix go, covered by religious freedom and freedom of expression and also some proposals for these problematic situations of contemporary legal practice, reflecting on possible referrals towards the realization of religious freedom in line with the secularization of the Democratic State of Law.

Dans cette thèse, nous traitons de l'efficacité comparée de l'enseignement public et de l'enseignement privé au Cameroun. Le système éducatif camerounais actuel porte les marques de la période coloniale. L'école est passée par trois stades : avant, pendant et après la colonisation. Le système éducatif actuel se caractérise par une forte demande d'éducation et une offre d'éducation insuffisante aussi bien publique que privée. Les redoublements et les abandons sont fréquents et élevés. Le système éducatif est peu efficace dans son ensemble. Deux sous-systèmes éducatifs hérités de la période coloniale fonctionnent à la fois, l'un francophone et l'autre anglophone. Deux secteurs d'enseignement fonctionnent également, l'un public et l'autre privé. Le secteur privé est composé de quatre types d'écoles : le privé laïc, le privé confessionnel, le privé communautaire et et le privé des parents. Un grand nombre de parents d'élèves choisissent de scolariser leurs enfants dans les structures scolaires privées. Ils estiment que le secteur d'enseignement privé est plus efficace que le secteur d'enseignement public. L'analyse comparée des deux secteurs montre que les écoles privées sont associées à une meilleure progression des élèves. Elles sont en définitive plus efficaces que les écoles publiques. Un élève scolarisé dans le secteur privé obtient en moyenne de meilleurs résultats que son camarade qui fréquente le secteur public. L'analyse de la réussite des élèves au Certificat d'études primaires montre la supériorité numérique des élèves des institutions privées. Les chances d'obtenir le CEP sont plus élevées chez les élèves d'écoles privées confessionnelles et des structures publiques. Les variables de contexte scolaire sont aussi responsables de la variabilité des résultats des élèves dans chaque secteur d'enseignement. / In this thesis, we treat with the efficiency compared by the state education and by the private education in Cameroon. The current educational system carries the marks of colonial period. The school is crossed by three stages the school before the colonization, the school during the colonization and the school after the colonization. The current educational system is characterized by a strong educational request and an insufficient educational offer. The redoubling and the abandonments are frequent and raised. The educational system is little effective in general. Two educational sub-systems inherited from colonial period work, the one French speaker and the other English speaker. Two sectors of education also work the one public and the other deprived. The private sector consists of four types of schools: the school private layman, the school deprived confessional, the school deprived community and the school deprived of the parents. A large number of the parents choose to school their children in the private school structures that consider more effective than the public schools. The analysis compared by both sectors shows that private schools are associated with a better progress of the pupils. They are more effective after all than the public schools. The analysis of the success of the pupils to the Certificate of Primary Studies shows the numeric superiority of the pupils of the private institutions. The chances to obtain the CEP (Basic School-Leaving Qualification) are more raised (more brought up) at the pupil's of confessional private schools and the public structures. The variables of school context are also responsible for the variability of the results (profits) of the pupils in every sector of education (teaching).