Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-06-13T15:05:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200034.pdf: 42011735 bytes, checksum: 13ca852a13e7fb007dc2246867ea246f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-06-13T16:09:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200034.pdf: 42011735 bytes, checksum: 13ca852a13e7fb007dc2246867ea246f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-06-13T16:10:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200034.pdf: 42011735 bytes, checksum: 13ca852a13e7fb007dc2246867ea246f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-13T17:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200034.pdf: 42011735 bytes, checksum: 13ca852a13e7fb007dc2246867ea246f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-11 / For over 30 years, Brazil has developed specific policies to foster computer industry. Goals and institutional frameworks have been outlined for the sector, since the National Informatics Policy of the 70’s, going through the Market Reserve Period of the 80’s, until nowadays, when Informatics Communication Technologies (ICT) are seen as prioritary area for Industrial Policy. Among the current goals, we can highlight the focus on increasing exports of software products and services. However, despite these claims, the country exports on the field haven’t been particularly expressive at the global market. On the other hand, India, which, just as Brazil, is also considered an emerging economy portrayed on the list of BRIC, was responsible for exporting about USD$47 billion in software and IT services by 2009, emerging as a global player for the sector. The implementation of a sophisticated activity such as software industry in a developing country like India definitely calls our attention. Certainly, legal-institutional arrangements were implemented at that country. Which? To what extent such arrangements helped the development of Indian industry? What about Brazil? This paper assumes that the legal-institutional framework developed at the countries have established different knowledge flows, leading to different development paths for each software industry. The generic goal of this research is to investigate how, among other socio-economic factors, these legal-institutional arrangements have outlined different knowledge flows. For the matter, legal-institutional framework is considered as all regulation that establishes institutions, policies and conditions to a particular subject. This paper also assumes that the software industry is based on knowledge-intensive activities. Therefore, the analysis will focus on legal-institutional arrangements that had and/or still have influence over knowledge flows directly related to software industry, thus, trade policies (export and import, property rights, etc) and investment policies for innovation developed in India and Brazil to foster the sector. The goal is not to take India as the ideal model to be followed by Brazil, or even to exhaust the question of what would be an ideal public policy for this sector, which would mean going beyond a legal-institutional analysis. The key question to be faced is not if the State has a developmental role, but what are the different types of State involvement that can be observed and what are its effects. To reach these goals, in addition to literature reviews, a fieldwork was developed at India (Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore) and Brazil (São Paulo, Brasilia and Rio de Janeiro), where interviews were conducted with enterprises and software associations, policy makers and academics who study the industry. / Há mais de 30 anos o Brasil tem desenvolvido políticas específicas para o setor de informática, desde a Política Nacional de Informática da década de 70, passando pelo Período de Reserva de Mercado dos anos 80 e, nos dias de hoje, em que as Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC) são tidas como uma das áreas prioritárias na Política Industrial. Dentre as metas atuais, destaca-se o foco na ampliação do volume de exportações de software e serviços. Contudo, apesar dessas pretensões, o país não tem tido destaque internacional expressivo para o setor. Por outro lado, a Índia, também considerada como um país emergente, figurando na lista dos BRIC, foi responsável pela exportação de cerca de US$47 bilhões em software e serviços de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) em 2009, se destacando como um país protagonista no mercado internacional do setor. A implementação de uma indústria tecnicamente sofisticada como a do software, que exige um ambiente propício à inovação, em um país em desenvolvimento como a Índia chama a atenção. De certo existiram arranjos jurídico-institucionais que foram utilizados naquele país. Quais? Em que medida tais arranjos ajudaram no desenvolvimento indiano do setor? E no Brasil? Este trabalho parte da hipótese de que o ambiente jurídico-institucional desses países definiu fluxos de conhecimento distintos, influenciando o tipo de desenvolvimento do setor de software de cada um. Averiguar como, entre outros fatores sócio-econômicos, esses arranjos jurídico-institucionais influenciaram na conformação diversa de fluxos de conhecimento é o objetivo específico desta pesquisa. Entende-se aqui como ambiente jurídico-institucional todas as regulamentações que estabelecem instituições, diretrizes e condições comuns para determinado tema. Partindo do pressuposto de que o setor de software desenvolve atividades intensivas em conhecimento, para cada país em questão, serão analisados apenas arranjos jurídico-institucionais que tiveram, ou têm, poder de delimitar o fluxo de conhecimento referente ao setor, sejam eles provenientes de políticas comerciais (de exportação e importação, ou de propriedade intelectual) ou de políticas de investimento para inovação. A questão fundamental ultrapassa o debate se o Estado deve ou não intervir, para focar-se na análise sobre os diferentes tipos de envolvimento observados e quais os seus efeitos. Para tal, além de revisão bibliográfica, foi feita uma pesquisa de campo na Índia (Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore) e no Brasil (São Paulo, Brasília e Rio de Janeiro), onde foram conduzidas entrevistas com empresas e associações de software, gestores públicos e acadêmicos que estudam o setor.

La réforme et l’harmonisation du droit des sûretés mobilières sont à l’ordre du jour de plusieurs organisations internationales, car il est admis qu’un régime de sûretés efficient favorise l’accès au crédit à de faibles coûts. L’harmonisation de ce droit comporte deux volets. D’une part, dans l’Occident industrialisé, les efforts d’harmonisation vont de la réforme des droits internes à l’établissement de régimes spéciaux relativement à des biens spécifiques (principalement les biens mobiles de grande valeur, tels les aéronefs, le matériel ferroviaire roulant et les satellites, et les biens incorporels, comprenant les créances, valeurs mobilières, actifs financiers et titres intermédiés). Ces efforts d’harmonisation démontrent que d’un point de vue systémique, malgré quelques différences notables, les régimes nord-américains et européens sont fondés sur des principes similaires et atteignent des résultats comparables. En résulte l’émergence d’un ordre juridique transnational en droit des sûretés mobilières, fondé sur les principes de la primauté de l’individu et la reconnaissance du droit de propriété de l’individu dans ses biens, mis en œuvre grâce à l’État de droit. D’autre part, les institutions financières internationales encouragent l’établissement de régimes de sûretés dans les pays en voie de développement qui obéissent aux mêmes critères que ceux de l’Occident, en insistant sur les réformes institutionnelles et juridiques visant l’établissement d’une bonne gouvernance et l’État de droit. Cependant, une transposition des régimes occidentaux ne peut se faire sans heurts dans les pays en voie de développement, notamment pour des raisons socio-culturelles et politiques. Lorsque les principes de la primauté de l’individu, de la propriété individuelle et de l’État de droit ne sont pas reconnus dans un pays donné, la réforme et l’harmonisation du droit des sûretés s’en trouvent compromis. La démonstration de l’état d’avancement de la réforme et de l’harmonisation du droit des sûretés dans les pays occidentaux industrialisés est faite grâce à une comparaison du Uniform Commercial Code, du Code civil du Québec, des Personal Property Security Acts des provinces canadiennes de common law, des principes des droits français et anglais, de l’influence du droit communautaire sur les pays membres de l’Union Européenne. Sont analysés, aussi, dans cette optique, les principaux instruments de l’harmonisation du droit émanant des organisations internationales. Par ailleurs, deux études de cas relatifs à la réforme du crédit foncier en Égypte et à la réforme de l’urbanisme et de l’habitat en République démocratique du Congo, viennent étayer les difficultés que rencontrent les institutions internationales, telles la Banque mondiale et l’ACDI, dans le cadre de projets de réformes visant la bonne gouvernance et l’instauration d’un véritable État de droit, en partie à cause d’un pluralisme des ordres juridiques de ces pays. / The reform and harmonization of secured transactions on movable (or personal) property is fostered by international organizations, on the assumption that an efficient regime of secured transactions will give access to affordable credit to a large number of persons and corporations. Such reform and harmonization process can be explained according to its two main features. Firstly, in Western and developped countries, the focus is on endeavours to harmonize the various regimes internally and to establish special regimes with respect to specific assets (for instance, high value mobile equipment, such as aircrafts, rolling stock or satellites, on the one hand, or incorporeal property, including securities, financial assets or security entitlements, on the other hand). Even though some differences remains from a systemic point of view, north american and european regimes are based on similar principles and achieve comparable results. It is therefore possible to see the emergence of a transnational legal order in the law of secured transactions, based on individuals and the enforcement of their rights of ownership, ascertained by the Rule of Law principle. Secondly, international financial institutions are encouraging the implementation of secured transactions regimes in developing countries along the same criteria as those used in Western developed countries, in the context of institutional and legal reforms under governance and rule of law projects. However, Western regimes must be adapted and customized before they are transplanted into a developing country. Indeed, for socio-cultural and political reasons, it is not possible to establish the same kind of regime therein. When individual rights and freedoms, including the right of ownership and the Rule of Law, are not recognized, the reform and harmonization of secured transactions is not likely to happen. The status of advancement of the reform and harmonization of secured transactions in the developed world is illustrated by a comparison between the Uniform Commercial Code, the Civil Code of Québec, the Personal Property Security Acts of canadian common law provinces, the applicable principles under both French and English Law, and the influence of European Law on its member states. An analysis of the main harmonization instruments proposed by international organizations is also conducted. Finally, the pitfalls of governance and rule of law reform projects are well described by two case studies. The first one deals with real estate and mortgage law reforms in Egypt, with a goal to encourage affordable access to housing; the second one is about urban planing and housing reforms in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The existence of a multiplicity of legal orders in these countries explains the difficulties encountered in such reform processes.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guilherme Diniz de Figueiredo Dominguez.pdf: 757597 bytes, checksum: 4f7baa814dd2ab6aa32018f6a3d38f1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-09 / This paperwork is the result of a research that intends to investigate possible relations between Law and development, based upon an empiric study of the affirmative actions implemented by the Brazilian federal universities, mainly by means of the reservation of enrollment slots to minorities on its admission exams (social and racial quotas), but through the perspective of Court s decisions on the matter. The research focused on the analysis of whether or not such affirmative actions were held constitutional by the Regional Federal Courts of Brazil and by the Brazilian Supreme Court. Also the research intended to verify if such Courts recognized these quotas as public policies or affirmative actions (and thus if this recognition made them adopt a more detailed judicial review of such programs). Furthermore the research intended to study how the apparent conflict between the Executive Branch (universities) and the Legislative Branch, on whether a specific law is needed in order to authorize the adoption of such affirmative actions, was settled and how Courts acted when called to impose affirmative actions in the event of an omission by the Executive Branch. In addition to these specific issues, and assuming that affirmative actions are State policies directed to assure equality and, thus, reduce poorness and prejudice, aiming to promote social development, the main purpose of the research was to examine if such elements were part of the judicial debate that was studied and what was its importance on the examined decisions. We have verified that, considering absolute numbers, the quotas affirmative action is held constitutional by Federal Courts in Brazil. But by analyzing the decisions in each region of the Country we have noticed that a consensus on the subject is far and that there is no precedent of the Brazilian Supreme Court on the matter. In general, the Court s decisions value university autonomy on the implementation of affirmative actions, recognizing that such attribution does not belong only to the Legislative Branch, assessing such measures as public policies (and eventually, in more cases than anticipated, establishing or modulating these policies), although this assessment does not imply a deeper judicial review of the quotas programs, examining all its aspects. Beyond the debate on the constitutionality of the studied affirmative actions, the research detected a number of other problems related to its application, such as, for instance, the lack of a general and common provision on who could be considered a student from a public school in order to benefit from the social quotas, what suggests the need for a federal law determining the guidelines (standards) in order for such affirmative actions to be adopted by the federal universities in Brazil. Nonetheless, the debate on the constitutionality of such policies is marked by a clear discussion on its contribution or not to the development of the Country and, although that is not the main issue discussed on the decision, it is a strong element on the appreciation of the matter / Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa voltada a investigar possíveis correlações entre Direito e desenvolvimento a partir do estudo de um caso concreto: a implantação de ações afirmativas nas universidades federais brasileiras, especificamente por meio da reserva de vagas a minorias em seus vestibulares (cotas sociais e raciais), mas analisando a perspectiva da jurisprudência a respeito do assunto. O levantamento realizado tinha como objetivo examinar se essas medidas eram tidas como constitucionais pelos Tribunais Regionais Federais e pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, se essas Cortes reconheciam tais medidas como políticas públicas ou ações afirmativas (e se esse fato as induzia a realizar um controle judicial mais pormenorizado desses programas). Adicionalmente, a pesquisa buscou estudar como se decide o conflito de competência entre o Poder Executivo (universidades) e o Poder Legislativo a respeito da necessidade ou não de lei específica autorizando a adoção de ações afirmativas pelas universidades e qual era a postura dos Tribunais no caso de existir pedido de implantação de ação afirmativa em virtude de omissão administrativa. Além desses aspectos pontuais, a hipótese maior que pautou a pesquisa cujos resultados ora se apresentam partia da premissa de que ações afirmativas são medidas de Estado voltadas à promoção da igualdade material com redução de desigualdades econômicas e sociais, visando o desenvolvimento nacional. Nesse contexto, examinou-se se esses elementos estavam presentes ou não nos debates judiciais estudados e qual era o peso que tinham na decisão dos magistrados. Constatou-se que, em número absoluto de decisões analisadas, as cotas são tidas como constitucionais, porém examinando-se o conjunto de decisões em cada região do País, percebe-se que o assunto está longe de alcançar um consenso, não havendo ainda pronunciamento definitivo do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre o tema. Em geral, a jurisprudência valoriza a autonomia universitária na implantação de ações afirmativas, afastando o possível conflito de competência com o Legislativo e reconhecendo tais ações como políticas públicas (e em mais casos do que se supunha o próprio Judiciário fixou ou modulou tais políticas), embora isso não implique uma revisão judicial mais aprofundada desses programas, contemplando todos os seus aspectos. Para além da discussão a respeito da constitucionalidade dessas ações afirmativas, a pesquisa levantou uma série de outros problemas relacionados à sua aplicação, como, por exemplo, a ausência de uma padronização a respeito de quem pode ser considerado estudante egresso do ensino público para ser beneficiário das cotas sociais, o que sugere a necessidade de uma lei federal fixando diretrizes (standards) para implantação dessas ações pelas universidades federais. Todavia, o debate sobre a constitucionalidade dessas medidas é pautado por uma discussão a respeito da sua contribuição ou não para o desenvolvimento do País, não sendo o fundamento principal das decisões, mas um elemento fortemente presente no exame da questão

La réforme et l’harmonisation du droit des sûretés mobilières sont à l’ordre du jour de plusieurs organisations internationales, car il est admis qu’un régime de sûretés efficient favorise l’accès au crédit à de faibles coûts. L’harmonisation de ce droit comporte deux volets. D’une part, dans l’Occident industrialisé, les efforts d’harmonisation vont de la réforme des droits internes à l’établissement de régimes spéciaux relativement à des biens spécifiques (principalement les biens mobiles de grande valeur, tels les aéronefs, le matériel ferroviaire roulant et les satellites, et les biens incorporels, comprenant les créances, valeurs mobilières, actifs financiers et titres intermédiés). Ces efforts d’harmonisation démontrent que d’un point de vue systémique, malgré quelques différences notables, les régimes nord-américains et européens sont fondés sur des principes similaires et atteignent des résultats comparables. En résulte l’émergence d’un ordre juridique transnational en droit des sûretés mobilières, fondé sur les principes de la primauté de l’individu et la reconnaissance du droit de propriété de l’individu dans ses biens, mis en œuvre grâce à l’État de droit. D’autre part, les institutions financières internationales encouragent l’établissement de régimes de sûretés dans les pays en voie de développement qui obéissent aux mêmes critères que ceux de l’Occident, en insistant sur les réformes institutionnelles et juridiques visant l’établissement d’une bonne gouvernance et l’État de droit. Cependant, une transposition des régimes occidentaux ne peut se faire sans heurts dans les pays en voie de développement, notamment pour des raisons socio-culturelles et politiques. Lorsque les principes de la primauté de l’individu, de la propriété individuelle et de l’État de droit ne sont pas reconnus dans un pays donné, la réforme et l’harmonisation du droit des sûretés s’en trouvent compromis. La démonstration de l’état d’avancement de la réforme et de l’harmonisation du droit des sûretés dans les pays occidentaux industrialisés est faite grâce à une comparaison du Uniform Commercial Code, du Code civil du Québec, des Personal Property Security Acts des provinces canadiennes de common law, des principes des droits français et anglais, de l’influence du droit communautaire sur les pays membres de l’Union Européenne. Sont analysés, aussi, dans cette optique, les principaux instruments de l’harmonisation du droit émanant des organisations internationales. Par ailleurs, deux études de cas relatifs à la réforme du crédit foncier en Égypte et à la réforme de l’urbanisme et de l’habitat en République démocratique du Congo, viennent étayer les difficultés que rencontrent les institutions internationales, telles la Banque mondiale et l’ACDI, dans le cadre de projets de réformes visant la bonne gouvernance et l’instauration d’un véritable État de droit, en partie à cause d’un pluralisme des ordres juridiques de ces pays. / The reform and harmonization of secured transactions on movable (or personal) property is fostered by international organizations, on the assumption that an efficient regime of secured transactions will give access to affordable credit to a large number of persons and corporations. Such reform and harmonization process can be explained according to its two main features. Firstly, in Western and developped countries, the focus is on endeavours to harmonize the various regimes internally and to establish special regimes with respect to specific assets (for instance, high value mobile equipment, such as aircrafts, rolling stock or satellites, on the one hand, or incorporeal property, including securities, financial assets or security entitlements, on the other hand). Even though some differences remains from a systemic point of view, north american and european regimes are based on similar principles and achieve comparable results. It is therefore possible to see the emergence of a transnational legal order in the law of secured transactions, based on individuals and the enforcement of their rights of ownership, ascertained by the Rule of Law principle. Secondly, international financial institutions are encouraging the implementation of secured transactions regimes in developing countries along the same criteria as those used in Western developed countries, in the context of institutional and legal reforms under governance and rule of law projects. However, Western regimes must be adapted and customized before they are transplanted into a developing country. Indeed, for socio-cultural and political reasons, it is not possible to establish the same kind of regime therein. When individual rights and freedoms, including the right of ownership and the Rule of Law, are not recognized, the reform and harmonization of secured transactions is not likely to happen. The status of advancement of the reform and harmonization of secured transactions in the developed world is illustrated by a comparison between the Uniform Commercial Code, the Civil Code of Québec, the Personal Property Security Acts of canadian common law provinces, the applicable principles under both French and English Law, and the influence of European Law on its member states. An analysis of the main harmonization instruments proposed by international organizations is also conducted. Finally, the pitfalls of governance and rule of law reform projects are well described by two case studies. The first one deals with real estate and mortgage law reforms in Egypt, with a goal to encourage affordable access to housing; the second one is about urban planing and housing reforms in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The existence of a multiplicity of legal orders in these countries explains the difficulties encountered in such reform processes.

Submitted by Guilherme Saraiva Grava (gsgrava@gmail.com) on 2017-05-08T20:57:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAVA, 2017, Direito, Desenvolvimento e Transformacoes Institucionais.pdf: 3015211 bytes, checksum: bdd0f2efebaaf788be55e6692679e4f7 (MD5) / Rejected by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Guilherme, Por favor, tirar o acento da palavra Getulio em todas as páginas. Obrigada. Suzi 3799-7876 on 2017-05-09T15:34:53Z (GMT) / Submitted by Guilherme Saraiva Grava (gsgrava@gmail.com) on 2017-05-09T16:40:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAVA, 2017, Direito, Desenvolvimento e Transformacoes Institucionais.pdf: 3017738 bytes, checksum: 3a740eb2098d4c36ceed6e77fd50c27d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2017-05-09T17:45:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAVA, 2017, Direito, Desenvolvimento e Transformacoes Institucionais.pdf: 3017738 bytes, checksum: 3a740eb2098d4c36ceed6e77fd50c27d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T14:54:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GRAVA, 2017, Direito, Desenvolvimento e Transformacoes Institucionais.pdf: 3017738 bytes, checksum: 3a740eb2098d4c36ceed6e77fd50c27d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-12 / When the new Brazilian Constitution of 1988 was ratified, the National Congress regained several of its prerogatives related to the budgetary process that had been limited during the previous regime (of 1969). One, in particular, was the restauration of the legislative power to modify the budget laws through the adoption of amendments on the original bill, offering congressmen the ability to increase or to create new expenditures for the Federal Government. This arrangement was similar to the system that prevailed under the Constitution of 1946, but with a series of new restrictions that did not exist at that time. The main distinctive feature was the promotion of a unicameral procedure for the approval of budgetary laws, convened through a permanent joint committee specifically dedicated to this purpose – the Joint Budget Committee (Comissão Mista de Orçamento or CMO). This body, considered one of the most powerful in the Brazilian National Congress, accumulates attributes regarding the examination of the budget laws, of the amendments presented to those bills during the approval phase, and also for the control phase of the budget cycle. However, despite its relevance, the legal literature has dedicated little attention to the study of the CMO and its regulation, which is mostly established by the congressmen themselves through internal rules. With this perception in mind, the present research aims to study the so-called Joint Resolutions of the National Congress, approved between 1988 and 2015, which, through the legal framework created for the CMO, regulated the legislative role in the approval phase of the budget laws in Brazil. In this sense, the research seeks to answer three questions: (1) What is the content of the provisions in the Federal Constitution of 1988 that determine the powers and responsibilities of the Joint Budget Committee? (2) What were the procedural provisions governing the operation of the Joint Budget Committee between 1988 and 2015? (3) Which of these regimental regulations could make the process more "rational" and in what way would they do it? In order to deal with these issues, the work intends to describe the institutional transformations of the Committee through the methodological strategy of a case study, articulating the regulation created during this period with the context that involved its elaboration. Moreover, the thesis intends to contribute to the literature that studies the relationship between Law and Development, as it seeks to provide a deeper understanding of some of the budgetary institutions in Brazil – a subject of great relevance to the national development process. / Com o advento da Constituição de 1988, o Congresso Nacional recuperou diversas prerrogativas no campo orçamentário que haviam sido limitadas no regime anterior. Em particular, restaurou-se a sua competência de modificar as leis do Orçamento através da aprovação de emendas, inclusive para aumentar e criar novas despesas – à semelhança do que ocorria sob a Constituição de 1946, porém com uma série de delimitações e restrições então inexistentes. O principal traço distintivo foi a manutenção da tramitação unicameral das leis orçamentárias, reunida por meio de uma comissão mista permanente dedicada especificamente para este fim – a Comissão Mista de Orçamento (CMO). O Órgão, considerado um dos mais poderosos do Congresso Nacional, acumula competências relativas ao exame e à emissão de pareceres sobre os projetos de leis orçamentárias, às emendas apresentadas a referidos projetos e, por fim, ao acompanhamento e fiscalização da Lei Orçamentária Anual, uma vez aprovada. Entretanto, apesar de sua relevância, são poucos os trabalhos na literatura jurídica que se dedicam ao estudo da CMO e de sua regulação específica, majoritariamente estabelecida pelos próprios congressistas através de normas internas. Diante dessa percepção, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo das denominadas Resoluções Conjuntas do Congresso Nacional, aprovadas entre os anos de 1988 e 2015, com destaque para a disciplina, através do regime jurídico criado para a CMO, da atuação dos parlamentares na fase de aprovação das leis orçamentárias da União. A pesquisa procura, assim, responder a três perguntas principais: (1) Qual é o conteúdo das disposições presentes na Constituição Federal de 1988 que determinam as competências e as atribuições para a atuação da Comissão Mista de Orçamento? (2) Quais foram e de que modo se sucederam as disposições regimentais que regularam o funcionamento da Comissão Mista de Orçamento entre os anos de 1988 e 2015? (3) Quais dessas regulações regimentais seriam aptas a tornar o processo mais 'racional' e de que maneira o fariam? Para tratar dessas questões, pretende-se descrever as transformações institucionais da Comissão através da estratégia metodológica do estudo de caso, articulando-se o regramento existente no período com o contexto que envolveu sua elaboração. O trabalho pretende, ao final, contribuir à literatura que estuda as relações entre Direito e Desenvolvimento por buscar compreender, de forma mais aprofundada, algumas das instituições orçamentárias no Brasil – tema de grande relevância ao processo de desenvolvimento nacional.

Submitted by Ana Beatriz Guimarães Passos (ana.passos@gvmail.br) on 2017-06-07T12:58:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PASSOS, 2017, Limites de velocidade nas vias Marginais.pdf: 2863001 bytes, checksum: 19654c376b01490c16c45107cefccc47 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzinei Teles Garcia Garcia (suzinei.garcia@fgv.br) on 2017-06-07T13:07:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PASSOS, 2017, Limites de velocidade nas vias Marginais.pdf: 2863001 bytes, checksum: 19654c376b01490c16c45107cefccc47 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T17:18:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PASSOS, 2017, Limites de velocidade nas vias Marginais.pdf: 2863001 bytes, checksum: 19654c376b01490c16c45107cefccc47 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-10 / Speed is an important element in our culture, often associated with positive values such as productivity and efficiency. However, when applied to traffic, it is one of the main risk factors either for the occurrence or even the severity of accidents. For this reason, the management of speed limits has gained more and more relevance not only at the global debate on road safety, but also in the scope of the international agendas dedicated to the promotion of development in general. Therefore, with this reality in mind, the present dissertation studies the regulation of the speed limits in 'Marginal Pinheiros' and 'Marginal Tietê', two important avenues of São Paulo, the most populated city of Brazil. To achieve this goal, it examines the period between July of 2015, when the Administration of former Mayor Fernando Haddad (2013-2016) reduced the speed limits, and February of 2017, second month since the Administration of Mayor João Doria (2017- ) partially restored to previous levels. The main objective of this investigation is to carry out a case study that seeks to articulate the regulation in reference with the use of legal instruments by specific actors that pursued the repeal of both the increase or the decrease of speed limits. In this last respect, the study considers three main subjects, that are: (a) the lawsuits filed by the Bar Association of São Paulo (Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil, Seção de São Paulo) and the Association of Urban Bikers of São Paulo (Associação dos Ciclistas Urbanos de São Paulo), both against the Municipality of São Paulo; (b) the legislative project presented by the city councilman Eduardo Tuma (PSDB); and finally (c) the government programs presented by candidates who disputed the city elections of 2016 and 2012. This research intends to contribute to the Law and Development literature by offering a study on how legal instruments can be used to implement and also to strengthen or to repeal public policies. / A velocidade constitui elemento de destaque em nossa cultura, muitas vezes associada a valores positivos como produtividade e eficiência. Todavia, quando aplicada ao trânsito, representa um dos principais fatores de risco para a ocorrência e para a gravidade de acidentes. Por esse motivo, a gestão dos limites de velocidade tem ganhado cada vez mais espaço não só no debate mundial sobre segurança viária, mas também nas agendas internacionais dedicadas à promoção do desenvolvimento de um modo geral. Diante deste cenário, a presente dissertação volta-se ao estudo da regulação dos limites de velocidade nas Marginais Pinheiros e Tietê, importantes avenidas da cidade de São Paulo. Para tanto, examina o período de julho de 2015, momento em que a Administração do ex-prefeito Fernando Haddad (2013-2016) reduziu os limites de velocidade em tais vias, até fevereiro de 2017, segundo mês desde que a Gestão do prefeito João Doria (2017- ) estabeleceu a sua elevação parcial aos patamares vigentes anteriormente. O trabalho tem como objetivo geral a realização de um estudo de caso que procura articular, de um lado, a regulação em referência, e, de outro, o uso de instrumentos jurídicos por determinados atores no intuito de questioná-la. Considera, sobre este último aspecto, três enfoques principais: (a) as ações civis públicas ajuizadas pela Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (Seção de São Paulo) e pela Associação dos Ciclistas Urbanos de São Paulo, ambas em face da Municipalidade de São Paulo; (b) o Projeto de Decreto Legislativo apresentado pelo vereador Eduardo Tuma (PSDB); e (c) os programas de governo dos candidatos que disputaram a Prefeitura da capital paulista nos anos de 2016 e de 2012. A partir desta pesquisa, pretende-se contribuir com a literatura do Direito e Desenvolvimento, oferecendo-se um estudo a respeito do modo pelo qual os instrumentos jurídicos podem atuar na implementação, no fortalecimento ou na paralisação de uma política pública.

Submitted by Cristiane Oliveira (cristiane.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2011-06-10T20:10:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200038.pdf: 1247411 bytes, checksum: b4f058aadbdeec278040deca52f4f902 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-06-10T20:11:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200038.pdf: 1247411 bytes, checksum: b4f058aadbdeec278040deca52f4f902 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vera Lúcia Mourão(vera.mourao@fgv.br) on 2011-06-10T20:12:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200038.pdf: 1247411 bytes, checksum: b4f058aadbdeec278040deca52f4f902 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-10T21:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 61080200038.pdf: 1247411 bytes, checksum: b4f058aadbdeec278040deca52f4f902 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-22 / In this paper, we present the conclusions drawn from a research on case law conducted with the Administrative Board for Tax Appeals, through which we could identify some of the characteristics involved in tax-planning transactions that tend to be deemed either legally grounded or groundless against Tax Authorities. Thus, the existence of inconsistent transactions made in a short period of time, combined with the existence of a regular alternative way which proves more burdensome and which may lead to the same results achieved through those transactions made by taxpayers, as well as the existence of related parties, shell companies, fictitious companies, companies domiciled in tax havens, the neutralization of undesired effects, the exercise of unusual transactions and transactions that stray from the purposes of the typical legal businesses involved, are elements that, among others, tend to influence the outcome of cases. We also verified that, in addition to some inconsistencies found, transactions bearing the same characteristics tend to produce the same result as regards the legality of the transactions. However, the legal institutions applied to serve as the basis for such result (such as simulation, abuse of right, business purpose, etc.) vary greatly and present no uniformity. We have found that the institutions themselves, as they have been dealt with in the judgments, were mixed up and no longer find conceptual correspondence with the legal institutes known by scholars. The majority of judgments demonstrated a hybrid institute: a simulation resulting from the inconsistency between the form and its substance and/or resulting from the absence of business purpose. Finally, after having mentioned the characteristics and challenges of the current regulatory model for transactions involving tax planning in our legal system, we have compared the incentives furnished by the possible configurations that can be afforded to the mechanisms that regulate the conducts examined, and we concluded that an enforcement strategy prioritizing the regulation of these conducts based on threatening to adopt severe and unusual penalties is unable to fight the needs of Brazilian reality. Therefore, we understand that a model that prioritizes the capacity to detect infractions, by requiring information transparency and disclosure, and which also avails itself of responsive regulation strategies is the most suitable to serve such needs. / No presente trabalho, apresentamos as conclusões de uma pesquisa jurisprudencial que realizamos junto ao Conselho Administrativo de Recursos Fiscais, por meio da qual foi possível identificar algumas características para as operações de planejamento tributário que tendem a ser julgadas oponíveis ou não oponíveis ao Fisco. Assim, a existência de operações incongruentes entre si praticadas num curto intervalo de tempo, associada à existência de um caminho alternativo usual mais oneroso e apto a alcançar os mesmos resultados das operações realizadas pelo contribuinte, bem como a existência de partes relacionadas, sociedades aparentes, sociedades fictícias, sociedades residentes em paraísos fiscais, a neutralização de efeitos indesejáveis, a prática de operações não-usuais e que se desviam da finalidade dos negócios jurídicos típicos envolvidos são propriedades que, dentre outras, tendem a influenciar o resultado dos julgados. Verificamos, também, que, a par de algumas incoerências encontradas, as operações com as mesmas características tendem a ter o mesmo desfecho quanto à legitimidade das operações, porém os institutos utilizados para fundamentar tal resultado (como simulação, abuso de direito, propósito negocial, etc.) não mantêm uma uniformidade. Constatamos que os próprios institutos, da forma pela qual vêm sendo manejados nas decisões, foram misturados e não encontram mais correspondência conceitual com as figuras conhecidas pela doutrina. Na maioria dos julgados foi possível identificar um instituto híbrido: a simulação decorrente do descompasso entre a forma e a sua substância e/ou decorrente da ausência de propósito negocial. Por fim, após apontarmos as características e desafios do atual modelo regulatório das operações de planejamento tributário no nosso sistema jurídico, comparamos os incentivos fornecidos pelas possíveis configurações que se pode dar aos mecanismos regulatórios das condutas estudadas e concluímos que uma estratégia de 'enforcement' que prioriza a regulação destas condutas por meio da ameaça de severas e raras penalidades não consegue fazer frente às demandas da realidade brasileira. Assim, entendemos que um modelo que priorize a capacidade de detecção das infrações, através de exigências de transparência e de abertura de informações ('disclosure'), e que também se vale de estratégias de 'responsive regulation' é o mais adequado a atender a tais demandas.

What makes real life contractual arrangements? How does the law influence real life contractual arrangements? These are everyday questions for businesspeople and commercial lawyers. The traditional ‘imperative’ view of law assumes that business people contract ‘in the shadow of the law’ and contractual arrangements conform to what the law says. But empirical studies on contract practice suggest that contract law may, in fact, play a very insignificant role in real life contractual arrangements. This thesis provides a sociological view of the role of contract law in real life contractual arrangements in the context of the Vietnamese market. Specifically, this thesis applies an institutional law & economics approach to investigate how social structures of the market influence contractual arrangements to marginalize contract law in the Vietnamese market. Drawing on two surveys of contract behaviour in the Vietnamese market, this thesis finds that real life contractual arrangements respond to the institutional structure of the market as a whole, rather than only ‘the shadow of the law’. Institutional changes in the Vietnamese market suggest that there exists a merchant law system, constituted of traditional moral norms and social structures in the market. This merchant law system continues to order contractual arrangements in the market, despite the introduction of a transplanted contract law system. Disagreeing with the imperative approach, this thesis claims that contract law reform should conform to the institutional structure of the market to reduce transaction costs of contracting and to provide an effective framework for real life contractual arrangements.