Η ανάπτυξη του δικτύου καταστημάτων μιας εμπορικής επιχείρησης είναι πολύ κρίσιμη για την κερδοφορία της επιχείρησης. Η γεωγραφική θέση του καταστήματος και η σημαντικότητα αυτής μπορεί να επιβεβαιωθεί από τις μεγάλες διαφορές στον κύκλο εργασιών των καταστημάτων της ίδιας εμπορικής αλυσίδας. Η μεθοδολογία που θα παρουσιαστεί παρακάτω είναι από τις πιο διαδεδομένες στις διεθνείς αγορές , η οποία και έχει εφαρμοστεί σε τομείς όπως: τράπεζες στο χώρο του corporate και private banking, εμπορικές επιχειρήσεις στο χώρο των super markets, των ηλεκτρικών και ηλεκτρονικών ειδών, στο χώρο της εστίασης και της ένδυσης καθώς και στο χώρο των τηλεπικοινωνιών. Μέχρι τώρα, η επίλυση του προβλήματος βέλτιστης τοποθεσίας για την εγκατάσταση τραπεζικών καταστημάτων βασιζόταν σε εμπειρικές κυρίως μελέτες. Οι μελέτες αυτές δεν χρησιμοποιούσαν όμως ποσοτικοποιημένες μεθόδους και δεν υπήρχε ακρίβεια στα αποτελέσματα. Στην παρακάτω μελέτη, γίνεται διαχωρισμός του κύριου προβλήματος σε μικρότερα προβλήματα έτσι ώστε τα αποτελέσματα που θα προκύψουν να είναι ακριβέστερα και με μεγαλύτερη λεπτομέρεια. Με τον τρόπο αυτό, υπάρχει η δυνατότητα να μελετηθούν και να αναλυθούν όλες οι επί μέρους παράμετροι και τα δεδομένα κάθε μικρότερου υποπροβλήματος. Έτσι, ορθολογικοποιείται η διαδικασία λήψης αποφάσεων, δίνοντας ακριβή αποτελέσματα τα οποία δεν είναι μόνο χρήσιμα για τη λήψης μιας απόφασης του παρόντος αλλά και για μελλοντικές αποφάσεις. Ένα ακόμα νέο δεδομένο που εισάγει η παρακάτω μελέτη στην επίλυση τέτοιων προβλημάτων είναι η αιτιολόγηση των βαθμολογιών που δίνονται από τον ερευνητή στα κριτήρια και στις εναλλακτικές. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με τη σύγκριση μεταξύ των τιμών των μετρήσιμων μεγεθών των εναλλακτικών. Για τα μη μετρήσιμα μεγέθη, γίνεται αιτιολόγηση της βαθμολόγησης με βάση ποιοτικά δεδομένα. Η μεθοδολογία που ακολουθείται είναι πλήρως εμπεριστατωμένη και ποσοτικοποιημένη κάνοντας χρήση ενδεδειγμένων τεχνικών ανάλυσης. Ακόμα, προσφέρει καλύτερη γνώση στους επιχειρηματίες για την αγορά στην οποία δραστηριοποιούνται. Αναφέρεται στην απεικόνιση, ανάλυση και αναγνώριση τοποθεσιών-αγορών βάσει γεωγραφικών, οικονομικών και δημογραφικών κριτηρίων με απώτερο στόχο την βέλτιστη χωροθέτηση καταστημάτων μιας επιχείρησης. / -

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une perspective typologique et porte sur la réduplication et la répétition en français et en wolof (langue du Sénégal). Elle porte sur un procédé linguistique souvent considéré comme marginal pour une langue de grande diffusion comme le français du fait, entre autres, qu’il apparaît à l’oral. L’investigation menée a permis de montrer que ce procédé n’est pas plus employé en wolof, langue à tradition orale, qu’en français puisqu’on réduplique les termes issus des catégories similaires dans les deux langues ; en français par exemple on peut rédupliquer des prénoms (Dédé, Vava, etc.), des noms (salade-salade), des verbes (il pleut-pleut), des adjectifs (joli-joli) et des adverbes (loin-loin), et en wolof, on peut rédupliquer des patronymes (wade-wade), des toponymes (bawol-bawol), des bases lexicales (am-am « possession »), des adverbes (leeg-leeg « souvent ») et des noms (goor-goor-lu « débrouillard »).Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de la théorie des opérations prédicatives et énonciatives initiée par Cucioli. Ainsi à la suite de Culioli (1990), Kabore (1998), Osu (2007, 2010), cette thèse montre que la réduplication est un procédé qui met en jeu une opération de détermination puisqu'il s'agit de déterminer une occurrence d'un domaine notionnel. Mais nous considérons la juxtaposition des deux composantes de la structure réduplicative comme un marqueur d'opérationlinguistique, au sens culiolien du terme, en essayant de cerner le rôle de chaque composante au sein de cette structure. Dès lors, nous montrons que la première composante de la structure représente une occurence quelconque alors que l deuxième représente l'occurrence représentative du domaine notionnel. Quant à la juxtaposition, son rôle se ramène à identifier l'occurrence représentative, réécrite comme ceci : <Occ1 € Occo>.Cette hypothèse ébauchée lors de l'étude du français a été reprise et vérifiée à l'épreuve des faits issus du wolof.... Cette thèse a donc permis de poser clairement, que la réduplication fonctionne par un mécanisme invariant, et qu'elle est différente de la répétition même si ces deux procédés ont des points communs.... / This thesis deals with reduplication and repetition in French and Wolof (an unwritten language spoken in Senegal) in a typological perspective. Reduplication has often been considered to be marginal in a widely spoken language such as French and English. A major reason often given is that it mainly occurs in the spoken form of the language. Our analysis shows that it does not occur more in Wolof than in French, since similar reduplicated categories (nouns, adjectives, verbs etc.) can be found in both languages. In French, for example, one can reduplicate proper names (e.g. Dédé, Vava etc.), nouns (e.g. salade-salade), verbs (e.g. il pleut-pleut), adjectives (e.g. joli-joli) and adverbs (e.g. loin-loin); and in Wolof, one can reduplicate patronyms (e.g. wade-wade) toponyms (e.g. bawol-bawol), lexical tap roots (e.g. am-am ‘possession’), adverbs (e.g. leeg-leeg 'often') and nouns (e.g. goor-goor-lu 'resourceful'). This thesis is realized within the framework of the theory of predicative and enunciative operations (Fr. TOPE) initiated by Culioli. In line with Culioli (1990: 117), Kabore (1998), Osu (2007, 2010), this thesis argues that reduplication is a process that involves the operation of determination. Indeed, it implies that an occurrence of a given notional domain is determined with reference to another occurrence of the domain. in question. In this view, we have regarded the juxtaposition of the two components as a marker of a linguistic operation and outlined the role of each component of the reduplicative structure. Thus, we show that the first component of the structure represents an unspecified occurrence while the second stands for the representative occurrence ofa notional domain. As for the juxtaposition, its role consits of identifying the unspecified occurrence in relation to the representative occurrence, rewritten as follows: <Occ1 € Occ0 >. This analysis which was first outlined while studying reduplication in French was then applied to Wolofin the light of facts from this language....This thesis clearly shows that reduplication has an invariant abstract generalizable working mechanism, and that it is quite different from repetition even though the two processes seem to have similar features....

Detta examensarbete har utförts i Karlskoga på två företag, Lasertech LSH AB och PartnerTech Karlskoga AB, där uppdraget bestod i att med en metodutveckling hitta ett generellt angreppssätt som man kan förhålla sig till för att förenkla efterbearbetningen av en additivt tillverkad (AT) detalj. Fortsättningsvis kommer additiv tillverkning att benämnas AT i texten. Svårigheten ligger i att spänna upp och mäta in en detalj i en CNC-maskin som nästan är färdig och saknar självklara inmätning- och inspänningsytor. Syftet med arbetet var att hitta en generell metod att använda sig av för att lösa dessa svårigheter vilket leder till en säkrare och effektivare tillverkning. Parallellt med problemlösningen gjordes även en fallstudie där bägge företagen har en AT produkt som ska bearbetas i CNC-maskin. Problemen klargjordes med hjälp av ett funktionsmedelträd och lösningar togs fram med hjälp av konceptgenerering för att få fram så många och bra lösningar som möjligt. Genom att ta fram dessa koncept och möjligheten att kombinera dessa med varandra skapades en metod som löser inmätning- och inspänningsproblemen och visade sig vara användbar i fallstudien. Dessa koncept ses som en generell och bra lösning på ovanstående problem. Fortsatt arbete och utbildning kommer att krävas för att ytterligare testa metoderna och ge ökad kunskap om AT för att underlätta tillverkningsprocessen. / This thesis has been carried out in Karlskoga at the two companies, Lasertech LSH AB and PartnerTech Karlskoga AB, where the assignment consisted of using a methodological development to find a general approach that can be used to simplify the processing of an additive manufactured (AM) part. The challenge is to rig and calibrate a detail in a CNC machine that is nearly finished that lacks obvious faces to rig and calibrate the part in the machine. The aim of the work is to find a general method that can be used to resolve these difficulties, leading to a safer and more efficient manufacturing. Parallel to the solution of the problem, a case study will also be done where both companies have a product that will be additive manufactured (AM) and processed in the CNC machine. The problems were clarified by using a functional-medium-trees (funktionsmedelträd) and solutions were developed using the concept generation to get as many good solutions as possible. By developing these concepts and the ability to combine these with each other a method that solves the problems with the rigging and calibration was created and proved to be useful in the case study. We see these concepts as general and a good solutions to the problems above. Further work and training will be required to further test the methods and increase knowledge about AM production to facilitate the manufacturing process.

Purpose:The purpose of this thesis was to identify a useful solution to find the location of a broken boundary wire. By useful we mean that the solution should be inexpensive, user friendly and accurate. However, this thesis will only investigate the accuracy of the method where the hypothesis is that an investigated method is applicable for all underground wires. Method:This study conducted a literature research in order to investigate what methods that are used in other industries to locate faults in underground, low-voltage electrical wires. After the research, the most commonly used fault locating methods were described and the one that seemed most useful was chosen as a possible solution.For the solution to be useful the accuracy was investigated. The method used to conduct an experiment and gather data to validate the solution was Design Science Research. Result:Three methods were investigated as possible solutions:Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), Frequency Domain Reflectometry (FDR) and Murray bridge where experiments were conducted using TDR.TDR proved to be unapplicable in locating faults in boundary wires, although it was confirmed to be a valid solution to locate faults in coaxial cables with &lt;1% error margin.What makes TDR and other reflectometry methods unsuitable methods within the autonomous lawn mower industry is the lack of characteristic impedance in the used boundary wires. The hypothesis that an investigated method is applicable for all underground wires is thereby refuted. Limitations:Experiments were conducted in laboratory environment with a signal generator and an oscilloscope. One experiment was conducted on a boundary wire in the ground which provided no reflected signal.

Understanding RNA molecules is important to genomics research. Recently researchers at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences used graph theory to model RNA molecules and provided a database of trees representing possible secondary RNA structures. In this thesis we use domination parameters to predict which trees are more likely to exist in nature as RNA structures. This approach appears to have promise in graph theory applications in genomics research.

Purpose. Real-time Locating Systems (RTLS) are used to identify and locate physical assets in real-time. Essentially, the aim of RTLS is to increase process visibility and thus provide accurate process data concerning for example, lead times, cycle times and inventory control. Today, process visibility is one of the most critical aspects for manufacturing companies in their quest for higher quality and shorter lead times. Since the introduction of Industry 4.0, RTLS has received an upswing in attention in the literature. However, despite the technical advances, enterprises are struggling to fully comprehend the entire impact of RTLS. Further, when integrating RTLS and other IT systems, such as the ERP, business operations can be carried out based on real-time information, providing more value than a standalone RTLS. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is the core IT system for enterprises. The ERP is in turn divided into several modules: Manufacturing, Warehouse, Human resources, Sales &amp; Distribution, and Finance &amp; Accounting. Evaluating the applicability for each module will provide a holistic view on RTLS and ERP integration that has a wider perspective than previous studies on the topic. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate the applicability of integrating RTLS with the various ERP modules and present a set of guidelines for RTLS and ERP integration. The guidelines will be created based on the following research questions. RQ1: How can the various ERP modules utilize RTLS data? RQ2: What barriers and enablers are there when integrating RTLS and ERP? Research method. An extensive literature review and interviews with industry experts were conducted. Thematic analysis and thematic narrative analysis were applied to extract relevant information form the literature review and industry expert interviews. Thematic synthesis was applied to synthesize the information received from the result of the thematic analysis and thematic narrative analysis, thence answer the research questions, and create the guidelines. Findings. Applicability was found for all ERP modules and the main barriers identified was lack of mature processes, knowledge, and cost. The guidelines created in the study included five main steps. 1) organizational enablers, 2) IT structure enablers, 3) ERP module applicability, 4) knowledge and understanding, and 5) business case generation. The guidelines were presented in text and as a picture. Contributions. This study has contributed to research by expanding the perspective on RTLS and ERP integration further than previous studies on the topic. The study showed that all ERP modules can utilize the RTLS data to provide value for that particular module. This study contributes to industry by providing guidelines that can be utilized by managers and decision makers in their process of evaluating RTLS implementation Managers and decision makers can use these guidelines to create a fundamental understanding of how RTLS can create value for all ERP modules. This knowledge is a key to create profitable business cases. The guidelines will therefore facilitate enterprises to overcome the initial knowledge barriers and thus, contribute to the acceleration of the RTLS expansion within the industry.

隨著無線網路的興起，許多相關的研究議題也應運而生，利用無線網路(WLAN)對於使用者位置的判斷與追蹤就是其中相當熱門的一塊。經過近幾年的發展，室內WLAN定位誤差的進步空間已達到極限，其原因主要出在無線訊號傳播的物理性質所產生的侷限。然而，大部分擁有良好精準度的定位系統是建立在不切實際的人力成本上，故我們將著眼點放在如何減少收集大量訊號所耗費的人力，同時保持不錯的精準度。取得AP位置所消耗的人力資源也是我們考慮的一環。 因此，我們提出一套新的定位系統：首先建立少數的資料點，再透過推測基地台位置和插入機制來完成訊號資料庫的初步建置。然後在定位的同時收集使用者接收到連續的訊號強度，透過隱馬可夫鏈建立的模型，再配合其他演算法來更新訊號資料庫。實驗結果顯示，相較於其他兩個定位系統，我們的系統能夠減少最多的人力建置資源，並且達到有競爭力的定位精準度。除此之外，我們也分析了系統在使用舊的資料庫或是不同的實驗環境下，能夠展現怎樣的定位結果。 / Following the raise of Wireless LAN networks, there are a lot of relative research issues in today’s life. Tracking and locating mobile users in RF-based WLAN (IEEE 802.11) is a very important issue in location-based applications area. The error distances of indoor WLAN locating was decreased to approximately 1.5 meter in recent years. However, the improvement in accuracy was limited due to the nature of radio propagation. Many researches which contain precise accuracy were based on an impractical effort of collecting too much signal data which we usually called “calibration” in this area. So this thesis focuses on how to reduce the calibration efforts without losing too much accuracy. Confirming the allocation of access points is another kind of calibration effort we concerned. As a consequence, we proposed a new locating system: first we calibrated few points and utilized inferring AP’s position and interpolation to complete radio map. During location estimation phase, radio map could be updated dynamically using learning mechanism modeled by HMM and other algorithms. In the experimental results, we proved our system maintained a comparable accuracy under reducing much calibration effort than other two locating systems. Besides, we analyzed the performance of our system with elder radio map and in two different experimental environments.

<p>Den här uppsatsen är skriven inom ramen för ämnet <em>Krigsvetenskap</em> under författarens studier på <em>Yrkesofficersprogrammet</em> 2006-2009 till arméteknisk officer. I <em>Ammunitions- och minröjning i modern konflikt</em> ges läsaren genom deskriptiv metod en exposé över ammunitions- och minröjningens grunder, historia och nutid. Uppsatsens generella syften är att avhandla problematik som svenska ammunitions- och minröjare i sitt yrkesutövande idag kan ställas inför. Och hur delar av den tekniska organisationen och teknisk utrustning för detektion, lokalisering och klassificering av minor, Explosive remnants of war (ERW), Improvised explosive device (IED) och försåt kan bidra till att lösa denna problematik. Författaren genomför utifrån sina intervjuer och litteraturstudier prediktioner av den kommande utvecklingen på området. Prediktionerna innefattar bland annat tydligare teknisk stödorganisation och multisensorplattformar för detektion, lokalisering och klassificering av minor, ERW och IED. I texten redovisas viss forskning från Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI) och visst arbete vid Försvarets materielverk (FMV), Totalförsvarets ammunitions- och minröjningscentrum (SWEDEC).</p> / <p>This essay is written in the course of <em>War science</em> during the author’s studies to become an Officer in the technical corps, in the Swedish armed forces. Due to the descriptive method in <em>Explosive Ordnance Disposal and demining in modern conflict </em>the reader gets an exposé of the basics, history, and present time features for the Swedish EOD- and Demining personnel. The main purpose with this essay is to discuss the problems that Swedish Explosive ordnance clearance (EOC) personnel might encounter in their current daily service. The opportunities for parts of the supporting technical corps and the technical equipment for detecting, locating and classifying mines, Explosive remnants of war (ERW), Improvised explosive device (IED) and booby-traps to be at hand in the process of solving these problems are also discussed. From interviews and literature studies the author conducts predictions of the development in the subject area. The predictions contains amongst others a more understandable supporting technical corps and multi-sensing-platforms for detecting, locating and classifying mines, ERW, IED and booby-traps. Some of the research that the Swedish defence research agency (FOI), the Swedish Defence Material Administration (FMV) and the Swedish EOD- and Demining Centre (SWEDEC) have produced is presented in the essay.</p>

Den här uppsatsen är skriven inom ramen för ämnet Krigsvetenskap under författarens studier på Yrkesofficersprogrammet 2006-2009 till arméteknisk officer. I Ammunitions- och minröjning i modern konflikt ges läsaren genom deskriptiv metod en exposé över ammunitions- och minröjningens grunder, historia och nutid. Uppsatsens generella syften är att avhandla problematik som svenska ammunitions- och minröjare i sitt yrkesutövande idag kan ställas inför. Och hur delar av den tekniska organisationen och teknisk utrustning för detektion, lokalisering och klassificering av minor, Explosive remnants of war (ERW), Improvised explosive device (IED) och försåt kan bidra till att lösa denna problematik. Författaren genomför utifrån sina intervjuer och litteraturstudier prediktioner av den kommande utvecklingen på området. Prediktionerna innefattar bland annat tydligare teknisk stödorganisation och multisensorplattformar för detektion, lokalisering och klassificering av minor, ERW och IED. I texten redovisas viss forskning från Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI) och visst arbete vid Försvarets materielverk (FMV), Totalförsvarets ammunitions- och minröjningscentrum (SWEDEC). / This essay is written in the course of War science during the author’s studies to become an Officer in the technical corps, in the Swedish armed forces. Due to the descriptive method in Explosive Ordnance Disposal and demining in modern conflict the reader gets an exposé of the basics, history, and present time features for the Swedish EOD- and Demining personnel. The main purpose with this essay is to discuss the problems that Swedish Explosive ordnance clearance (EOC) personnel might encounter in their current daily service. The opportunities for parts of the supporting technical corps and the technical equipment for detecting, locating and classifying mines, Explosive remnants of war (ERW), Improvised explosive device (IED) and booby-traps to be at hand in the process of solving these problems are also discussed. From interviews and literature studies the author conducts predictions of the development in the subject area. The predictions contains amongst others a more understandable supporting technical corps and multi-sensing-platforms for detecting, locating and classifying mines, ERW, IED and booby-traps. Some of the research that the Swedish defence research agency (FOI), the Swedish Defence Material Administration (FMV) and the Swedish EOD- and Demining Centre (SWEDEC) have produced is presented in the essay.

In this thesis, the possibility of detection of fault location in the cable distribution systems by using traveling waves due to fault and circuit breaker operations is investigated. Waveforms originated from both actions and fault steady state are separately analyzed. During such switching actions, high frequency variations which are absent in the steady state conditions, take place. In order to simulate high frequency changes properly, system elements are modeled accordingly. In other words, frequency dependent models are introduced, and they are used in Electro-Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP). Since the characteristics of waveforms are different for separately analyzed portions, different fault locating algorithms with their limitations are introduced.