L'augmentation de la concurrence économique internationale et les attentes accrues des clients ont imposé aux entreprises de prendre en compte non seulement le prix ou la qualité du produit, mais également la fiabilité et la rapidité des livraisons. Dans les industries ayant une composante manufacturière dominante telles que l'automobile et l'électronique, la distribution et les coûts de stockage constituent les deuxième et troisième catégories de coûts les plus importantes après les coûts de production. Par conséquent, les entreprises industrielles et de logistique recherchent continuellement des méthodes pour réduire le niveau des stocks et les coûts de distribution. Cette tendance a créé une interaction plus forte entre les différentes étapes de la chaîne logistique, et augmente de ce fait l'utilité pratique des modèles intégrés.Cette thèse considère deux catégories de problèmes d'ordonnancement intégré. La première catégorie est l'ordonnancement intégré de la production, distribution et stockage (Integrated Scheduling of Production-Distribution-Inventory, ISPDI) et la deuxième est l'ordonnancement intégré de la production, stockage, distribution et stockage (Integrated Scheduling of Production-Inventory-Distribution-Inventory, ISPIDI). Au niveau de la production, les tâches à réaliser sont traitées sur une seule machine et regroupées par lot de production, ce qui nécessite un coût et un temps de réglage. Elles doivent ensuite être livrées à un client prédéfini par un transporteur à capacité limitée, avant des dates dues données. Chaque aller-retour du transporteur entre l'usine et le client implique un coût de livraison et des délais de livraison. De plus, on suppose que les tâches qui sont terminées avant leur date de départ ou qui sont livrées au client avant leur date due entraînent un coût de stockage supplémentaire. Notre objectif est de minimiser le coût total comprenant les coûts de reglage, de stockage et de transport, tout en garantissant un niveau de service donné pour le client.Pour les problèmes ISPDI, nous avons d'abord fourni un modèle de programmation mixte entière pour le problème multi-produits, à un seul niveau, et avons développé un algorithme génétique amélioré pour le résoudre. Puis, nous avons modifié ce modèle pour prendre en compte le cas mono-produit, multi-niveau, et avons proposé deux méthodes, un algorithme hybride et un algorithme génétique, pour le résoudre. Pour les problèmes ISPIDI, nous avons établi un modèle général non-linéaire dans le cas mono-produit, et avons traité un cas spécifique du cas général. Puis nous avons démontré une propriété d'optimalité qui lie les ordonnancements de production et de livraison dans le cas particulier, pour finalement proposer une approche heuristique pour le résoudre. Pour chaque problème étudié et afin d'évaluer la performance des algorithmes proposés, des limites inférieures intéressantes sur les fonctions objectifs correspondantes ont été établies selon des méthodes différentes telles que la méthode de relaxation lagrangienne ou des méthodes basées sur les bornes inférieures du problème de bin packing. Les résultats des expérimentations montrent l'efficacité des modèles et algorithmes proposés en termes de qualité de la solution et de temps d'exécution. / Increasing global competition in the business world and heightened expectations of customers have forced companies to consider not only the pricing or product quality, but reliability and timeliness of the deliveries as well. In manufacturing-centric industries such as automotive and electronics, distribution and inventory costs constitute the second and third largest cost components following the production costs. Therefore, industrial and logistics companies need to continuously search for ways to lower the inventory level and distribution cost. This trend has created a closer interaction between the different stages of a supply chain, and increased the practical usefulness of the integrated models.This thesis considers two categories of integrated scheduling problems. One is Integrated Scheduling of Production-Distribution-Inventory problems (ISPDI problems) and the other is Integrated Scheduling of Production-Inventory-Distribution-Inventory problems (ISPIDI problems). Jobs are first processed on a single machine in the production stage, and then delivered to a pre-specified customer by a capacitated transporter. Each job has a distinct due date, and must be delivered to customer before this due date. Each production batch requires a setup cost and a setup time before the first job of this batch is processed. Each round trip between the factory and customer requires a delivery cost as well as a delivery time. Moreover, it is assumed that a job which is completed before its departure date or delivered to the customer before its due date will incur a corresponding inventory cost. Our objective is to minimize the total cost involving setup, inventory and delivery costs while guaranteeing a certain customer service level.For ISPDI problems, we firstly provide a mixed integer programming model for the case of multi-product, single-stage situation, and develop an improved Genetic algorithm (GA) for solving it. Then, we extend this model to a single-product, multi-stage model, and provide two methods, dominance-related greedy algorithm and GA, for solving it. For ISPIDI problems, we establish a general non-linear model for the case of single-product situation and devise a special case from the general model. Then we provide an optimality property between the production and delivery schedules for the special case. Finally, a heuristic approach is developed for solving it. For each problem under study, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms, some interesting lower bounds on the corresponding objective functions are established according to different methods such as Lagrangian relaxation method, classical bin-packing based method. Computational results show the efficiency of the proposed models and algorithms in terms of solution quality and running time.

Antalet haverier som är orsakade av den mänskliga faktorn minskar inte. En del av den mänskliga faktorn ligger i kommunikation mellan olika parter inom sjöfarten, både sjö- och landbaserade. Denna studie är en litteraturstudie vars syfte är att undersöka hur den verbala kommunikationen har praktiserats och vilken betydelse den haft vid kollisioner och grundstötningar. Studien är baserad på haverirapporter från Statens Haveri-kommission som har analyserats med hjälp av ett verktyg specifikt framtaget för denna studie. Resultatet visar på en kommunikationsbrist i en betydande majoritet av de analyserade haverierna. Ofta brister det i kommunikationen mellan VTS och fartyg samt mellan lots och befälhavare. Vanligt förekommande är även språkförbistring där inte alla parter förstått det språket som använts vid kommunikationen.  Med hjälp av ett mer utbrett utövande av redan kända kommunikationstekniker skulle antalet olyckor och tillbud kunna minskas. / The number of marine accidents caused by the human error does not decrease. A part of the human error is in the communication between different agents within the maritime cluster, at sea and also in the landbased sector. This study is a literature study whose purpose is to investigate how the verbal communication has been practiced and what significance it has had in collisions and groundings. The study is based on reports from the Swedish Accident Investigation Authority with a tool specifically developed for this particular study. The result shows a communication gap in a decisive majority of the analyzed accidents. There is often a lack of communication between VTS and vessels as well as between pilots and commanders. Common prevalence is also language problem where not all parties understand the language used in the communication. With the help of a more widespread practice of already known communication technologies, the number of accidents could be reduced.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The traffic problems are of general scope in several cities in the world, especially in central area, usually more congested. This work aims to simulate an operational alternative that provides improved flow of vehicles in the central area. It is proposed the elimination of parking lots regulated rotary (called Blue Zone ) on the streets and main avenues in the downtown area and meeting this need with the implementation of parking garages/lots in buildings and / or underground garages in places near the central area. Identify the best location for such a development strategy includes facility location approach to logistics and optimization of the distance pathway. It can be pointed out urban politics for Land Use and Transportation, urban planning and needs applied to determine strategic locations for new enterprises considering the logistics. Some strategies of traffic management adopted in Brazil, United States and Europe are generally discussed with their benefits and limitations. The strategic locations were selected considering Clustering and Facility Location approaches using software TransCAD. Reduction of blue zones allows increasing the capacity of lane and therefore, improving the performance in central area. This benefit can be measured through the simulation, using Traffic Software Integrated System, taking into account Traffic Engineering. That is the case of downtown in Uberlandia. Comparing the proposed and real scenario it could be reduced delay and waiting time, fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. The results pointed the better scenario of the central area and also showed it is important to review the land use/transportation. It is necessary to adopt integrated politics to improve the performance of the routes due the increased flow vehicles and traffic problems. The relocation of parking lots is a current alternative which improves the vehicles flow and the mobility in downtown. / Os problemas no trânsito são de amplitude geral em diversas cidades mundiais, principalmente na área central, normalmente, mais congestionada. Este trabalho pretende simular uma alternativa operacional que proporcione melhoria do fluxo de veículos na área central. Para isso, propõe-se a retirada dos estacionamentos regulamentados rotativos (Zona Azul) nas ruas e avenidas principais da área de estudo e o atendimento desta necessidade com a implantação de bolsões de estacionamentos em edifícios garagens e/ou garagens subterrâneas em locais próximos a área central. Identificar o melhor local para um empreendimento desta natureza engloba estratégias de localização de instalações com abordagem em logística e de otimização da distância de caminhamento. Destaca-se a importância das políticas urbanas, como o planejamento urbano e a legislação de uso e ocupação do solo. Algumas estratégias de gerenciamento de tráfego adotadas no Brasil, Estados Unidos e países da Europa são abordados juntamente com seus benefícios e limitações. Os locais estratégicos para estacionamento foram selecionados com base nos procedimentos de Clustering e Facility Location do software TransCAD. Com a retirada das vagas dos estacionamentos rotativos ao longo do meio-fio, obtém-se um aumento na capacidade das vias, devido ao maior número de faixas de tráfego e, portanto, melhor desempenho operacional nas vias da área central. Este benefício é mensurado com abordagem em técnicas de engenharia de tráfego através da simulação no Traffic Software Integrated System (TSIS), adotando o caso típico da área central da cidade de Uberlândia. Analisando-se os dois cenários (cenário real e cenário proposto), percebeu-se uma redução do tempo de espera e atraso, aumento da velocidade média, redução do consumo de combustível dos veículos e das emissões de gases poluentes (HC, CO e NO). Os resultados indicaram melhoria do fluxo de veículos e maior aproveitamento do espaço viário na área central. Este trabalho mostrou ainda, que é importante rever a legislação de uso e ocupação do solo, adotando políticas integradas de transporte para melhorar as condições operacionais das vias. A realocação dos estacionamentos é uma alternativa eficaz e imediata, que melhora o fluxo de veículos e a mobilidade na região central da cidade, deslocando a demanda por vagas para locais isolados fora da área densa. / Mestre em Engenharia Civil

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Santos.pdf: 784090 bytes, checksum: 91f28658e55eede38e8f060fe13c0ebf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-28 / This work focus the social function of urban properties confronting several housing problems in large urban centers, emphasizing the need for land rights on invaded areas, slums, irregular and illegal lots. The unequal wealth distribution and lack of opportunities exclude, more and more a large number of people in our society who does not have access to minimum needs to human survival. In this case, a place to call home. Nevertheless, those who decide to confront the system place their homes in ilegal áreas such as permanent environment preserved areas as a result of invasion without the public sector approval. The proposal of this reunion of ideas is to stimulate reflection which is not observed by a considerable segment of population that does not live in periphery areas and slums located in large urban centers that demands solution through concrete actions departing from State. What are available mechanisms to solve urban land rights? Is there a solution to the housing deficit problem? Is the public sector the only one responsible to find alternatives in search of solving this task? These questions will be approach by inviting the reader to reflect in search of parameters that may conduct to solutions in this sensible area of housing deficit problem. / Este trabalho dá enfoque à função social da propriedade urbana frente aos vários problemas habitacionais dos grandes centros urbanos, enfatizando a regularização fundiária necessária de áreas invadidas, favelas, cortiços, de loteamentos irregulares e clandestinos. A má distribuição de renda e oportunidades deixa, cada vez mais excluída, uma parcela da sociedade que não tem acesso ao mínimo necessário para sobrevivência humana. Neste caso, um lugar para chamar de lar. Não obstante, aqueles que resolvem ir ao enfrentamento do sistema, firmam suas moradias em bairros irregulares ou áreas de preservação ambiental permanente, oriundos de invasão ou loteamentos sem aprovação do Poder Público. A proposta deste apanhado de idéias é trazer à reflexão, situações de descaso que acontecem nas periferias e favelas dos grandes centros e que precisam de solução e ações concretas do Estado para uma solução rápida. Quais seriam os mecanismos disponíveis para a regularização fundiária urbana? O problema do déficit habitacional brasileiro tem solução? O Poder Público é o único responsável pela condução das alternativas em busca dessa solução? Estas e outras perguntas serão abordadas na tentativa de, numa reflexão conjunta com o leitor, serem estabelecidos parâmetros para a condução dos trabalhos nesta área de sensível alcance social.

Le développement d’un procédé de polymérisation en émulsion est complexe de par la nature hétérogène de ce type de réaction. En outre, dans le cas de la polymérisation en émulsion du fluorure de vinylidène, la difficulté est d’autant plus accrue que le monomère est habituellement en phase gazeuse ou supercritique dans les conditions d’intérêt. Or la littérature manque d’informations concernant ce type de procédé de synthèse du PVDF sous une pression comprise entre 30 bar et 90 bar.Ainsi cette thèse a pour objectif de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes cinétiques et de stabilisation intervenants dans la polymérisation radicalaire en émulsion du VDF dans des conditions supercritiques et, plus particulièrement, de fournir des données expérimentales nécessaires à l’élaboration de futurs modèles.Avant même d’entreprendre les études expérimentales, cette thèse s’intéresse d’abord aux aspects d’installation et d’automatisation de l’unité de polymérisation ainsi qu’au démarrage et à l’optimisation du réacteur. Ensuite, plusieurs tests sont réalisés afin de comprendre certaines caractéristiques du latex produit ainsi que certaines propriétés du tensioactif fluoré. Une nouvelle méthode a spécialement été développée afin de suivre le phénomène de coagulation des particules de polymère.Finalement des réactions sont réalisées par lot et en semi-continu et une étude paramétrique des conditions opératoires et de la composition des réactifs est effectuée afin d’évaluer leur impact sur l’évolution de la polymérisation en émulsion. Notamment, le profil de vitesse de polymérisation est obtenu par calorimétrie, à partir d’une approche pratique fondée sur un estimateur d’état en cascade, ainsi que sur la mesure de la consommation de monomère, et sur l’analyse gravimétrique réalisée par prélèvement / The heterogeneous nature of the conventional emulsion polymerization can render the process quite complex. In the case of the emulsion polymerisation of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), the situation is more complicated than for the majority of industrial processes because the monomer is typically either a gas or a supercritical fluid under the polymerization conditions of interest. Given the relatively high pressure required for this process (30bar <P< 90bar), there is a lack of information in the open literature about the VDF emulsion polymerization process.In this sense, this thesis is a contribution to the understanding of the kinetic and stabilization mechanisms that intervene in the free radical emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) under supercritical conditions, and more particularly, to the generation of relevant experimental data that can be used for future model developments.Prior to the experimental studies of VDF emulsion polymerization, issues that ranged from the installation and automation of the polymerization unit to the start-up and optimization of the reactor were covered. Later, different tests were performed in order to understand some important features of the produced latex as well as some properties of the fluorinated surfactant. Additionally, a new method to monitor the coagulation phenomena on polymer particles was developed.Finally, reactions were performed using batch and semi-batch mode. The impact of certain compositional changes and reaction conditions on the evolution of the emulsion polymerization was studied. A practical approach was implemented to follow the rate of polymerization using reaction calorimetry. Simultaneous estimations of the evolution of overall heat transfer coefficient and heat of reaction were determined using a high-gain nonlinear cascade state estimator

L'usage excessif des routes peut entraîner de nombreux inconvénients dont la pollution, les accidents et la congestion. Une solution accessible à court terme consiste à mettre en œuvre des systèmes de gestion de trafic. Dans ce cadre, nous proposons un formalisme, appelé Réseaux de Petri Lots Triangulaire, qui permet la modélisation et la simulation du trafic routier au niveau mésoscopique comme un système à événements discrets. Le RdPLots Triangulaire permet ainsi de décrire les caractéristiques globales du trafic routier: flux, densité et vitesse à travers la proposition d'une relation flux-densité triangulaire. Cette relation implique une modification de la dynamique des lots. Cette dynamique permet maintenant de représenter les deux états du trafic routier à savoir fluide et congestionné ainsi que les trois régimes dédiés au comportement libre, congestion et décongestion. Le calcul des flux instantanés des transitions est à présent réalisé par une méthode basée sur la technique de programmation linéaire en ajoutant une contrainte qui prend en compte l'état et le régime des lots. Pour modéliser des stratégies de contrôle telles que la variation de la vitesse limite (VSL), nous avons intégré au RdPLots Triangulaire des événements contrôlés qui permettent le changement de la vitesse maximale d'une place lot et le flux maximal d'une transition continue ou lot. Tous ces apports théoriques sont implémentés dans un logiciel que nous avons appelé SimuleauTri, sous lequel nous avons étudié des portions d'autoroute à partir des données réelles. Les résultats de simulation sont proches des mesures effectuées sur le terrain, et montrent la pertinence de RdPLots Triangulaire. / The excessive use of roads can cause many adverse effects including pollution, insecurity and congestion. The available short-term solution is the implementation of traffic management systems which optimize the flow and reduce congestion without needing additional infrastructures. In this context, we proposed a new formalism, called Triangular Batches Petri Nets (Triangular BPN), which combines modeling and simulation of traffic in mesoscopic level as a discrete event system. The Triangular BPN describing the overall characteristics of the road traffic such as flow, density, speed by representing a new triangular relation flow-density. This relation implies the modification of batches dynamic, which is now used to represent the two road traffic states : fluid and congested, as well as the three behaviors :free, congestion and decongestion. The calculation of the instantaneous firing flows is achieved by adding a constraint that takes into account the state and behavior of batches. A set of controlled events integrated to the Triangular BPN, that allow the variation of the maximum speed of batch place and the maximum flow of batch and continuous transition. These controlled events used to model the control strategies, such as variable speed limit (VSL). All these theoretical contributions implemented in a software that is called SimuleauTri and used to study a motorway portions from real data. The simulation results are close to the measurements on the ground and show the pertinence of Triangular BPN.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a multifunctional building, which consists of parking lots, store section, office as well as dwelling units. Multifunctional building has four above-ground floors, full basement and a flat roof. During processing, emphasis was placed on layout solutions to be designed according to legislation and standards. In the basement there are parking lots, the ground flood is used as a store section, the first floor consists of office units designed for start-up companies. The third and fourth floor consists dwelling units from one-bedroom to three-bedroom apartments. The building has a concrete frame structure combined with a masonry system from Porotherm ceramic pieces. Horizontal load bearing system is designed of two way reinforced concrete slabs. Walls bellow the ground level are made from core-filled reinforced concrete blocks. The building is supported by the spread footing concrete system. Multifunctional building is situated in flat terrain in the city of Brumov-Bylnice.

Même si les réseaux de données ont beaucoup évolué au cours des dernières décennies, les paquets sont presque toujours transmis d’un nœud à l’autre comme des blocs de données inaltérables. Cependant, ce paradigme fondamental est aujourd’hui remis en question par des techniques novatrices comme le codage réseau, qui promet des améliorations de performance et de fiabilité si les nœuds sont autorisés à mixer des paquets entre eux. Les réseaux sans fil manquent de fiabilité en raison des obstacles ou interférences que subissent les liens sans fil, et ces problèmes peuvent empirer dans des topologies maillées avec de multiples relais potentiels. Dans ce travail, nous nous concentrons sur l’application du codage réseau intra-flux aux flux unicast dans les réseaux sans fil, avec pour objectif d’améliorer la fiabilité des transferts de données et de discuter des opportunités de déploiement et des performances. Tout d’abord, nous proposons une borne inférieure pour la redondance, puis un algorithme opportuniste distribué, pour adapter le codage aux conditions du réseau et permettre la livraison fiable des données dans un réseau sans fil maillé, tout en prenant en compte les besoins de l’application. En outre, puisque les opérations requises pour le codage réseau sont coûteuses en termes de calcul et de mémoire, nous étendons cet algorithme pour s’adapter aux contraintes physiques de chaque nœud. Ensuite, nous étudions les interactions du codage intra-flux avec TCP et son extension MPTCP. Le codage réseau peut en effet améliorer les performances de TCP, qui ont tendance à être plus faibles sur les liens sans fil, moins fiables. Nous observons l’impact des problèmes d’équité qui se posent quand des flux codés fonctionnent en parallèle avec des flux traditionnels non codés. Pour finir, nous explorons deux manières différentes d’améliorer les performances de MPTCP dans les environnements sans fil : le faire fonctionner sur du codage réseau, et implémenter directement le codage directement dans le protocole MPTCP tout en préservant sa compatibilité avec TCP / Even if packet networks have significantly evolved in the last decades, packets are still transmitted from one hop to the next as unalterable pieces of data. Yet this fundamental paradigm has recently been challenged by new techniques like network coding, which promises network performance and reliability enhancements provided nodes can mix packets together. Wireless networks rely on various network technologies such as WiFi and LTE. They can however be unreliable due to obstacles, interferences, and these issues are worsened in wireless mesh network topologies with potential network relays. In this work, we focus on the application of intra-flow network coding to unicast flows in wireless networks. The main objective is to enhance reliability of data transfers over wireless links, and discuss deployment opportunities and performance. First, we propose a redundancy lower bound and a distributed opportunistic algorithm, to adapt coding to network conditions and allow reliable data delivery in a wireless mesh. We believe that application requirements have also to be taken into account. Since network coding operations introduce a non negligible cost in terms of processing and memory resources, we extend the algorithm to consider the physical constraints of each node. Then, we study the interactions of intra-flow coding with TCP and its extension MPTCP. Network coding can indeed enhance the performances of TCP, which tends to perform poorly over lossy wireless links. We investigate the pratical impact of fairness issues created when running coded TCP flows besides legacy non-coded TCP flows. Finally, we explore two different ways to enhance the performance of MPCTP in wireless environments : running it over network coding, and implementing the coding process directly in MPTCP while keeping it fully TCP-compatible.

The study focused on pertinent challenges and key guidelines in introducing and assessing students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS) in a literature based English foreign language (EFL) curriculum. A curricular initiative in Israel, namely to integrate HOTS in the teaching and learning of literature in the high school EFL classes, prompted this study to measure its effectiveness on students’ abilities to understand and apply the HOTS in their reading and writing. This mixed-methods study dealt with the following research questions: Are HOTS innate skills or must they be purposefully taught in order for students to learn and to apply them? To what extent has 10th and 11th grade EFL Israeli students’ ability to apply HOTS to their bridging essays, after completing two years in the English literature programme, been improved? How accurately could students demonstrate an understanding of HOTS by naming them and by providing an example of how they could apply them in the areas of reading and writing? The overall key findings showed that; HOTS must be taught and practiced in order for students to learn and to apply them and that teaching students to use HOTS will improve their reading and writing capabilities in regard to higher order thinking as well as their understanding of specific HOTS. It was also found that students enjoy the challenge of infusing HOTS into a literature curriculum and expressing what they learn in their writing. They are consequently motivated to learn when they are challenged with a programme that infuses HOTS into an EFL literature curriculum. Implications of the findings are that the subject specific approach and infusion method for teaching HOTS are successful in the EFL classroom. The findings provide a novel contribution to the study of HOTS pedagogy within a literature based EFL curriculum programme. Recommendations for further studies are made, particularly on HOTS vis-à-vis weaker EFL students as well as on examining different writing formats, such as opinion essays, to determine if HOTS are transferring to other types of writing after students’ participation in this curricular initiative. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

La thèse est composée de deux parties. La première partie traite de la gestion des qualifications dans l'industrie des semi-conducteurs. La contrainte de qualification définit l'éligibilité d'une machine à processer un produit. La gestion des qualifications nécessite de résoudre un problème d'allocation et d'équilibrage des charges sur des machines parallèles non-identiques et partiellement reconfigurables. Nous avons défini et introduit des indicateurs pour la gestion des qualifications en tenant compte de la capacité des équipements ainsi que la contrainte de regroupements de lots (batching). Plusieurs algorithmes d'équilibrage de charge sont proposés et validés pour le calcul de la charge optimale sur un parc d'équipements. Ce concept est industrialisé au sein de l'entreprise Soitec et fait partie du processus de prise de décision.La deuxième partie de la thèse porte sur la planification de production en boucle fermée. Le processus de fabrication des plaques SOI à Soitec s'appuie sur la Technologie Smart-Cut. En utilisant cette technologie, une des deux matières premières peut être réutilisée à plusieurs reprises pour la fabrication des produits finis. Le couplage de deux lignes de production crée un système manufacturier en boucle fermée. Nous avons proposé un modèle de dimensionnement de lots original pour la planification de production de ce système manufacturier, que nous avons validé avec des données industrielles. En se basant sur le problème industriel, un problème mono-produit et sans contrainte de capacité est défini, analysé et résolu pour une version simplifiée du problème. / In the first part, we take a binding restriction, called qualification, present in semiconductor manufacturing as a lever for increasing flexibility and optimizing capacity utilization. A qualification determines the processing authorization of a product on a machine (like an eligibility constraint). In order to define the best qualification, the production volume should be allocated to parallel non-identical machines which are partially reconfigurable. Capacitated flexibility measures are introduced to define the best qualification which increases machine capacity utilization at most. Batching is another industrial constraint encountered in semiconductor industry. It influences workload balancing and qualification management. Several workload balancing algorithms are proposed to find the optimal workload balance of a workcenter. Variability measures are also proposed to evaluate the workload variability of a workcenter. The second part deals with closed-loop production planning. Soitec uses Smart-Cut Technology to fabricate SOI wafers. Using this technology, one of the two raw materials used to fabricate SOI wafers can be reused several times to make other SOI wafers. However, before coming back to the SOI fabrication line, the used raw material (by-product) must be reworked in another production line. An original closed-loop production planning model adapted to the supply chain specificities of Soitec is proposed, and is validated using industrial data. Based on this industrial model, a single-item uncapacitated closed-loop lot-sizing model is defined, analyzed, and a dynamic programming algorithm is proposed for a simplified version of the problem.