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廣告可說是一種文化傳播的形式，顯現出社會和文化的產物。廣告藉由專業性的創意與製作，使得廣告訊息以價值轉換的方式建立某些社會規範和描繪某些社會行為，來創造出某些社會現實，以符合消費者的需求與慾望，最後達到獲得消費者認同的目的。中國大陸隨著經濟的改革開放，廣告業的發展也開始邁入一個新的里程碑。波里(Pollay,1986)指出，由於商業化盛行的結果會導致整個傳統文化價值結構產生改變。因此，從探究中國大陸廣告內容的途徑，可做為了解中國大陸改革開放後文化價值演變趨勢的基礎。廣告中所呈現出文化價值的概念可定義為「將文化中的某種信念、準繩、態度、行為或參考架構做為廣告訊息（包括廣告插圖、標題、標語口號與文案）中的內容主旨，並以特定的訴求方式禪達，使消費者據以判斷產品或服務的好惡標準。」本研究以「權力距離」、「不確定性規避」、「個體對群體」、「剛性對柔性」、「西化象徵」等文化價值特性探討廣東省南方日報與上海市解放日報廣告中的文化呈現。本研究發現，南方日報與解放日報廣告中的主要文化價值特性呈現一半是集中在「不確定性規避」的文化特性上。另外，也發現時間、商品類別、廣告主國別、訴求策略、訴求類型等自變項與廣告中的主要文化價值特性之間的關係，以統計方法中的卡方檢定，達到顯著水準。

中國大陸市場的開放成為全球經濟發展的目前重點，地球村的概念與全球性的經營方式亦將逐漸在這轉變中的體制內萌芽、茁壯；就企業的經營觀點來看，這塊尚未完全開發的處女地所帶來的是極大的機會，但也伴隨著極大的風險與完全不同的國際競爭對手。本研究希望能針對台商與日商赴大陸投資經營之績效做一系統性比較，以為往後相關研究鋪路與提供企業赴大陸投資之參考。 　　本研究最主要的探討問題有二：一、若可將外商投資大陸之歷分為三段之事前（企業至大陸的動機、企業對環境變遷的體認、企業所認為擁有的競爭優勢）、事中（企業進入大陸的模式及經營特質）與事後（企業經營之績效），三者間有何種關係？二、台商與日商的投資與經營模式有何不同？ 　　而本研究透過問卷寄發給台商與日商並經統計分析後所得之主要結果為：企業的協調程度愈高，其所面臨的當地相關源令愈寬鬆、當地政治環境愈穩定、並未考量制度動機、具有資源優勢，且本項以日商之協調程度愈高；而當企業的協調程度愈高，其經營績效會愈高；亦即在大陸日商之經營績效均優於在大陸之台商，究其主要原因在於日商之企業經營特質－組織協調調程度高於台商，且前者並未考量制度動機但具有資源優勢；另一方面，相對於台商，日商認為當地法令環境較為寬鬆且政治較為穩定。

中山先生思想的歷史哲學是民生史觀，馬克思主義的歷史哲學是唯物史觀，兩者各有其不同的哲學基礎和理論體系，是本質截然不同的思想學說，不宜相混。以馬克思主義立場、觀點和方法研究中山先生思想，其結果將悖離中山先生思想的原貌。將中山先生思想和馬克思主義進行學術上的比較研究，自有其研究價值。但若要正確認識、瞭解中山先生思想，最恰當的方式是根據中山先生思想自身的觀點、體系去進行研究。以馬克思主義的立場、觀點和方法，去從事解釋中山先生思想的作法，那是強將馬克思主義的靈魂注入中山先生思想的軀殼，會造成扞格不入的後果。一些較少遭受馬克思主義束縛的學者的詮釋見解，自然較能反映中山先生思想的本來面貌。 本論文撰寫的主旨，是要探討在馬克思主義意識形態支配下的中國大學界對中山先生思想所作詮釋與評價的諸般情況。 本文共為八章二十五節，全文約四十萬字，各章節重點如下： 第一章：緒論。分為三節，旨在分別闡明本論文的研究動機與研究目的、研究途徑與研究方法，以及資料處理與名詞界定。 第二章：大陸學界詮釋與評價中山先生思想的演變歷程。分為四節，其中包括中共建黨後至建立政權前、中共建立政權後至文革前、文革時期以及文革結束後的改革開放等四個時期，主要在探討中共黨人和大陸學者在這些不同時期詮釋與評價中山先生思想的嬗遞、變遷過程。 第三章：大陸學界詮釋與評價中山先生思想的理架構。分為三節，其中分別對大陸學界據以詮釋、評價中山先生思想的指導架構：馬克思歷史唯物主義，列寧、毛澤東評價中山先生思想的論點，作一觀察與分析。 第四章：大陸學界研究中山先生思想的全局性觀點研析。分為三節，分別就大陸學界如何如「資產階級革命思想」、「三大政策」、「新舊三民主義」等思維模式、制式名辭，以關涉全局式的脈絡融入整個對中山先生思想的詮釋、評價系統，進行研析。 第五章：大陸學界對中山先生民族思想的詮釋與評價。分為三節，主要在探討大陸學界對中山先生的反帝思想與政策、中山先生反滿與大漢族主義間的關係，以及大陸學界對中山先生恢復中國傳統文化和固有道德等思想主張所作的詮釋與評價。 第六章：大陸學界對中山先生權思想的詮釋與評價。分為三節。旨在探討大陸學界對中山先生的革命三程序、權能區分，以及五權憲法等思想主張所作的詮釋與評價。 第七章：大陸學界對中山先生民族思想的詮釋與評價。分為三節，主要在探討大陸學界對中山先生有關資本問題、土地問題，以及發展實業和利用外資等思想主張所作的詮釋與評價。 第八章：結論。分為三節，綜合各章所論，對大陸學界詮釋與評價中山先生思想的全過程作一整體性回顧與提出檢討，並提出對大陸學界詮釋與評價中山先生思想的未來展望和建議，最後一節則在敘明中國統一問題的解決與中山先生建國理念間的重要關聯。

Mainland China has undergone drastic social and economic changes in the last century. Rapid social changes often transform individual values and family structures, which directly affect the personality development process and life quality of human beings. The review of English and Chinese-language publications will enhance the readers¡¯ understanding of the Mainland Chinese personality features, coping resources and social changes. The research assessed the impact of social changes on the patterns of personality traits, stress coping resources, and life satisfaction of 2359 people in Mainland China. Participants completed three surveys: 1) the Coping Resources Inventory for Stress (CRIS) (Matheny, Curlette, Aycock, Pugh, & Taylor, 1987), 2) Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larson, & Griffin, 1985), and 3) Basic Adlerian Scales of Interpersonal Success-Adult Inventory (Wheeler, Kern, & Curlette, 1995). Pearson Correlations, Univariate analysis of variance, Multivariate analysis of variance, and Multiple regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between personality types, stress coping resources, and life satisfaction for three generations. Income and gender factors were considered in analysis. The three generations do not have significant difference in personality as measured by BASIS-A. Females scored higher than males on Entitlement, Financial Freedom, and Satisfaction with Life. High income group scored significantly higher than middle and low income groups on Belonging-Social Interest, Softness, Taking Charge, and Wanting Recognition, Self Disclosure, Social Support, Financial Freedom, Physical Health, and Physical Fitness. Old generation scored significantly higher than the middle and young generations on Structuring and Satisfaction with Life. Old generation with low income scored significantly higher on Satisfaction with Life than young generation with high income. Within the young generation, middle income group perceived more Financial Freedom and Satisfaction with Life than the high and low income groups. Females with high income perceived less Physical Fitness than females with low and medium income. Entitlement, Financial Freedom, Coping Resource Effectiveness, age, and Belonging-Social Interest are found to be predictors of Satisfaction with Life among Chinese people. Findings of this study have important implications for the design of training programs aimed at assisting Chinese individuals and families to cope more healthfully with distressing circumstances and events. The results should also be useful in developing cross-cultural mental health tests.

In recent years, growing numbers of Mainland Chinese elders are participating in Christian congregations during short visits or extended stays in the U.S. This thesis explores social and cultural factors that explain these immigrant elders’ involvement with Christianity while in the U.S. Based on face-to-face interviews with 20 Mainland Chinese elders living in Atlanta as well as participant observation at a Chinese Christian church and with a Bible study group, this study finds that loneliness and social isolation in a foreign land are the main reasons for Mainland Chinese elders’ participation in Christian activities. Besides religious services, social service functions of churches and opportunities for fellowship are other factors explaining church involvement. Long immersion with China’s religious history of syncretism renders these elders receptive to spiritual alternatives, such as Christianity, especially when dominant ideologies of Confucianism and Communism seem to be in decline in China. But most elders approach their Christian involvement with pragmatic selectivity based more on secular than religious considerations. In conclusion, I argue that social isolation and minority ethnic status, Chinese Christian Churches’ social functions, and current social contexts in China are all factors that help explain Chinese elders’ religious involvement in the U.S.

The experience and history shaped by various political groups in the modern history of Taiwan has left a significant mark in the hearts of the island¡¦s citizens. Ever since the 1990¡¦s, even the KMT, a party that had always regarded China ethnicity as the essence of localization, has gradually altered its insistence towards a less constrained attitude. As a result of this, the difference in national identity and the notion of culture emerges, leading Taiwan into an era of liberated ideas about national identity. Lee Teng Hiu was the first citizen elected president of Rublic of China, Taiwan. He was brought up during the Japanese occupation, but accepted the radical political changes brought by the national government after the war. During his political career, he had experienced colonial, autocratic, authoritative, and democratic government systems. The combination of Japanese, Chinese, and American education during his academic pursuit had opened up his unique perspective of the world. Profoundly influenced by Kitaro Nishita¡¦s topical philosophy, the samurai spirit of Nitobe Inazo, Christian doctrines, and Marxism and Hegel¡¦s logical thinking, Lee found the motivation to authenticate his principles. In fact, the personal biography of Lee himself, is pretty much a representation of the modern history of Taiwan. Because Lee is one of the most influential political elites in the history of Taiwan, his notion of the awareness of Taiwan and his comprehension and treatment of Mainland China also had a profound influence on the people of Taiwan in terms of their memories of history and collective identity. Thus, to understand how this collective identity had developed and transformed throughout the history of Taiwan, it is essential to scrutinize Lee¡¦s awareness of China, and the origin of his learning. This research seeks to discuss the formation of Lee¡¦s concept of identity, whether or not the key of this identity has evolved, and how that sense of identity has roamed. This will be done through the analysis of the Taiwanese social structure during Lee¡¦s upbringing, restoring the Taiwanese society during the Japanese occupation of the Taisho and Showa dynasties, where the origin of his historical perspective on Mainland China came from, and also his concepts and experiences during adulthood. Lastly, the same notion of identity of his contemporaries will be compared in order to comprehend the origin of influence of the identity of Taiwan in Lee. After all, this sense of identity of the political elites will conceptualize, theorize, and the electoral issues will continuously influence the public notion of national identity. Thus, the clarification of the elite¡¦s notion will allow the understanding the identity at a subterranean level.

Abstract The research uses reference materials from the insurance industry and the insurance brokerer industry, to do further study and analysis. Then we use a business case study ¡V Tai-yung Insurance Broker (Beijing) Co., to understand the past development of the company. After further study, a qualitative analysis is used through interviews with several insurance industry¡¦s experts and managers. In addition to understanding the differences between the past and the present conditions of the industry, but to explore the opportunities and impacts the insurance brokerage industry in Taiwan might encountered to entering the mainland market after running the ECFA (Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement). Finally comes up with conclusions and recommendations. Keywords¡GThe Insurance Broker Industry¡BMainland China¡BTai-yung Insurance Broker¡BExpert Interview( Delphi technique)¡BCase Study

This study is based on information integration theory (IIT) .First, we use general questionnaire to find out the influence the choice of attending school factors, then analysis these factors into the information integration theory experiments which, from the psychological cognitive process to explore the knowledge and judgment of the southern Taiwanese students studying to the mainland China. According to the general questionnaire for students, parents and teachers. The results of three groups to be substituted into the information integration experiment. Otherwise, understanding the current educational environment for these three groups of objects survey is very important. The IIT experiment is for 50 students who are lived in Southern Taiwan, the factor derived in accordance with the general questionnaire is divided into "school assessment" and "social conditions", and these two oriented survey in the southern students' cognitive structure to the mainland China, integrated model, as well as the willingness of study in mainland China. The results are as follows: 1. Among the general survey results, most students and parents still do not have much intention to visit the mainland to study, but in the teachers, most teachers are willing to recommend students to the Chinese mainland to school and stay in mainland China. 2. From the analysis of 50 samples of information integration experiment, the first we use FM # 1 to get the result. Only 21 samples belonged to the average mode, then 21 samples use software AVERAGE weight and psychological value, most of the students in the choice of school at the same time, the school assessment is more important than the social conditions. There are 9 students care about the social conditions most.