Failure is an issue with small businesses globally; some owners of small businesses lack the knowledge of business administration and marketing strategies necessary to help ensure success. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore what marketing strategies some coffee shop owners use to sustain business operations during the first 5 years of operation. The targeted population consisted of 5 coffee shop owners in Arkansas who successfully implemented marketing strategies to sustain business operations during the first 5 years of operation. Goldsmith's 8Ps of marketing mix was the conceptual framework used in the study. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and a review of publicly available data and company websites. Data were analyzed using the principles of the content analysis method, which included identifying codes and themes. Findings indicated owners of successful coffee shops were actively engaged in the day-to-day business operations and in the community; provided premium products; used social media for marketing, promotion, and branding; used competitive pricing; were precise about the location; provided exceptional customer service and personalization, and had points of marketing differentiation to promote their brand. The implications of this study for positive social change include the potential to support the welfare of the citizens of Arkansas, and owners of coffee shops across the United States that could provide independent coffee shop owners with marketing strategies necessary to sustain business operations, contribute to new job creation and regional economic sustainability.

Research question: How should cosmetic companies develop marketing strategies for beauty products to appeal to men as a customers? Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to explore how marketing strategies of beauty products aimed  for men should be designed in order to appeal to potential and existing male customers. Furthermore the paper aims to identify strategic proposals that cosmetic companies should apply in creating marketing for men. Method:The case study is based on a qualitative research method with an inductive approach in which the data collected is done through semi-structured interviews and observations. Results: The results show that cosmetics companies should make use of marketing specifically intended for men to appeal as a consumer group. Furthermore, companies should adapt their marketing communications to coincide with men's preferences, interests and characteristics as well as to use market channels for highlighting product ranges intended for men. Limitations: The study of cosmetic companies presents itself on a national level, which means that the conclusion is aimed for the Swedish market and Swedish men. Theoretical and practical contributions: The theoretical contribution of this paper is to overlap the gaps identified in the literature between company and consumer. In order to do so, there must exist a correlation between the marketing mix, segmentation, positioning and target marketing. The practical contributions of this paper is to provide cosmetic companies with proposals of how they should adapt their marketing strategies to appeal to men as a consumer group on the Swedish market.

面對全球化競爭與產業環境的變化，如何在動態的競爭環境下永續經營，是企業目前面臨的考驗。台灣企業積極的想從低利的代工產業轉型成品牌公司，試圖調整經營策略，並建構新的核心能力，以提昇競爭力。 成為品牌公司，除了本身的企業文化與競爭能力外，必須要投入相當多的能力與資源，尤其要有長期抗戰的準備；品牌的投資，不是一時的資本投入，而是需要整個企業的核心價值與組織架構的推動，若要深耕其品牌，企業的行銷策略與通路管理能力則是品牌經營的基礎架構。 本研究以品牌商的角度，透過其在地主國執行的行銷策略，分析其行銷策略與通路管理的重要性，以及在執行時，面對地主國各中間商(包括代理商與通路商) 不同的能力與資源所遇到的問題，因而檢視其母公司所規劃的經營策略與行銷組合，是否符合全球化的經營意圖。 經過資料整理與訪談後，發現該品牌商有其完善的行銷策略以推廣品牌，並提升該品牌的權益，但因其全球化的策略，其大部分的區域都交由代理商經營，並由代理商負責執行該區域的行銷策略，此代理商與通路商的能力與資源會影響其行銷策略的規劃與執行，因而產生客制化的行銷方案，並與品牌商所規劃的行銷策略(即通用的行銷策略)，在內容與成效上存在差異。 因此，品牌商在擬定全球化的經營策略時，必須先考量到本身的能力與資源，並在規劃行銷策略時，事先做好STP分析，選擇適合的目標市場，再行擬訂通路策略，才有辦法利用通路管理將品牌的行銷組合落實到目標族群身上，以達到企業追求長期發展的願景和目標。 / Facing global competition and high volatility in the market, a major challenge of all firms is to seek long-term survival. Aiming to the future, some Taiwanese companies have changed their business models from suppliers to foreign branding companies to owners of their own brands through revising their strategies and building up new core competencies. Transforming into branding companies, in addition to changing corporate culture and enhancing competitiveness, these firms need to invest a lot of resources to prepare for the long run. Building a brand is a long-term commitment and a firm needs to have a comparable core value, a functional organizational structure, a well-thought marketing strategy and abilities to manage channels. This study, based a branding company's point of view, analyzes how it utilizes channels to implement its marketing strategy in a host country (i.e., Taiwan). The capabilities and resources of its channel members (including dealers and distributors) for successfully implementing its marketing strategy are assessed and how the resources constraints of these channels affect the firm’s global marketing strategy is also examined. After analyzing the data, gathering through personal interviews and other secondary sources, we found that the international brand did have well formulated marketing strategy to promote its brand and increase its brand equity for the long term. The implementation of its global marketing strategy relies on agents as well as channels in different countries to carry out. Therefore, whether a marketing strategy is effective really is in the hands of partners abroad. The international branding company’s experience in Taiwan illustrates this point well. We examined several types of channels and found that some executed its marketing strategy well and some did not. The differentiation factor is the resources and capabilities of a channel: the more it has, the better for it to implement the marketing strategy of the branding company. We also found that local adaptation is needed when a channel member had limited resources or capabilities. To conclude, when a branding company formulates global strategy, it has to assess its own capabilities and resources first and then engages in STP analysis and develops marketing strategy. After selecting a host country and target segments, it needs to select agents or/and channels to implement its marketing strategy. Because channels in foreign countries are the keys to create brand-awareness, a branding company has to spend resources to select and manage channels.

房地產行業俗稱「火車頭工業」，房市的熱絡能帶動上中游非常多的產業蓬勃發展，而房地產代銷業在整體產業鏈當中至關重要，在房價居高不下及政策打房等背景因素下，房市交易轉趨清淡，買賣移轉件數創下近年新低，因此房地產關鍵且重要的行銷策略相形重要。而過去文獻中，多分別探討行銷策略、銷售率、銷售期間，而銷售期間之文獻更多以仲介觀點探討。本研究目的為找出代銷業銷售成功與有利的行銷策略模式、主客觀影響因素，提供房地產業者，成功銷售房地產個案。房地產主要之行銷策略為STP分析、7P理論、4C理論、整合行銷，而規劃合宜的產品定位，制定完善的行銷策略則是銷售成功的主要方程式。銷售成功主客觀因素之研究實證結果顯示，主觀影響因素，依序為地段條件、推案時機、產品條件、品牌因素，但地段條件是先天因素，無法改變，銷售要成功，銷售期間要短，銷售率要高，代銷業者需制定完善的行銷計劃，掌握天時、地利、人和等因素，天時就是推案時機等因素，地利就是地段條件等因素，人合就是產品條件、品牌因素等因素。由銷售期間與銷售率形成銷售成功的實證結果顯示，最重要的因素為產品條件及行銷策略；產品條件的數量、金額，對銷售期間影響較顯著，產品條件的質量如主力產品則對銷售率影響較顯著；行銷策略的成交均價對銷售期間及銷售率影響皆顯著，行銷策略的合作方式則對銷售期間影響較顯著；就區域而言，台北市個案銷售成功，首要因素為行銷策略之成交均價，而新北市個案銷售成功，則著重於產品條件之主力產品。 / The real estate industry, commonly known as "locomotive industry", can up bring many growths in industry development. While in recent years, the housing market becomes dull, and the sales number declining, it’s critical and important for real estate marketing to deliberate strategies at its key point. The real estate agency in the whole industry chain plays an essential part in setting the high prices and policies and other background factors in the market. From the past references, most explored the marketing strategy, sales rate, selling duration, while references on selling duration are more from the real estate agency’s perspective. The objective of this research is to investigate successful marketing and beneficial sales tactics, objective and subjective influential factors, the real estate producers, and the successful real estate selling cases. The STP analysis, the 7P Theory, the 4C Theory, integrated marketing are the main real estate strategies, whereas products positioning planed adequately, and well developed marketing strategy are the fundamental formulation for marketing success.The marketing success objective and subjective influential factors research shown, the objective influential factors are as listed: location attribution, selling timing, product conditions and brand factors. However, location attribution is congenital factor, inevitable, in order to sell successfully, selling duration must be brief, and selling rate must be high, real estate agencies must develop a complete marketing proposal, take control of the right time, the right place, the right social connections and so on. The right time is the selling timing and other factors, the right place is the location attribution and other circumstances, and the right social connections is the product conditions, the brand factors and other elements.From the selling duration and selling rate form subjective influential factors of marketing success, research shown,the product condition and marketing strategy are the most important subjective influential components,product condition quantity and price influences are more indisputable on the selling time, the quality of the product condition as the main product then impact more significantly on the sales rate.Marketing strategy price influences are more indisputable on the selling duration and sales rate, Marketing strategy cooperation influences are more indisputable on the selling duration.About area factors ,taipei City’s success on selling primarily is the price of marketing strategies; as for New Taipei City’s on successful selling is particularly focusing on the main product condition’s square footage.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a topic that has been widely researched and is still a progressing and important subject to study. Many researchers have focused on the importance and risks of CSR but have been unsuccessful in conducting research that brings forth managerial implications regarding the challenges and complexity that comes from contextual differences. Furthermore, little attention has been assigned to consumer awareness, perception of CSR as well as analysing differences in related markets such as developed Western European countries (WECs) and emerging Post-Communist countries (PCCs) of Eastern Europe. This research is essential as theoretical ground and for managers to be able to successfully adapt and implement their CSR strategies to various markets, something that is beneficial for gaining a long-term competitive advantage. This study wishes to fill the existing research gap by gaining an insight into the differences in perceptions of CSR between consumers from WECs and PCCs. The outcomeof this study contributes to the existing frame of research regarding consumers’ perceptionson CSR and the importance of adapting a firm's CSR strategies to differentiating perceptions when operating in various international markets. The research was executed by using a qualitative method, carrying out three focus groups with participants originating from the two different regions respectively, and later mixed in a third group. The outcome from these focus groups was analysed using relatedtheoretical frameworks such as Carroll’s pyramid for corporate social responsibility (1991)and Dhanapal, Vashu, and Subramaniam (2015), who explores influencers affecting consumer perception. The findings conclude that CSR is gaining awareness among consumers across both regions, who agree that companies should be engaged in CSR, whereas members from PCCs desires a higher commitment than is currently done. Consumers are willing to pay a higher price when they know that the companies implement philanthropic projects. However, for WECs, this depends on the price of the product, and for PCCs, on whether the activities are locally implemented or not. Finally, this study concluded that companies can gain a competitive advantage by concentrating on social CSR in the PCC region and environmental CSR in the WEC region since the findings indicate that these are the most prioritised issues in each region. Furthermore, managers should adapt their CSR strategies based on these findings in order to relate to the consumer, create legitimacy, and gain trust.

This work is motivated by several modern applications involving social networks, crowds, and markets. Our work focuses on the theme of designing effective incentive strategies for these applications. Viral marketing is receiving much attention by practicing marketers and researchers alike. While not a new idea, it has come to the forefront because of multiple effects – products have become more complex, making buyers to increasingly rely on opinions of their peers; consumers have evolved to distrust advertising; and Web2.0 has revolutionized the way people can connect, communicate and share. With power shifting to consumers, it has become important for companies to devise effective viral marketing strategies. Incentives are also a critical aspect of crowd sourcing tasks and play a crucial role in attracting, motivating and sustaining participation. The thesis addresses the following problems. (i) Optimal Control of Information Epidemics: We address two problems concerning information propagation in a population: a) how to maximize the spread of a given message in the population within the stipulated time and b) how to create a given level of buzz- measured by the fraction of the population engaged in conversation on a topic of interest- at a specified time horizon. (ii) Optimal Control Strategies for Social Influence (SI) Marketing: We investigate four SI strategies, namely, recommendation programs, referral programs, consumer reviews and campaigns on on-line forums. The campaign is assumed to be of finite duration, and the objective is to maximize profit, the (un-discounted) revenue minus the expenditure on the SI strategy under consideration, over the campaign duration. For each SI strategy, we focus on its timing, i.e., determining at what times to execute it. We address two important questions pertaining to them: a) how to execute a given SI strategy optimally? and b) having executed it so, what gains does it lead to? (iii) Optimal Mix of Incentive Strategies on Social Networks: The reach of a product in a pop- ulation can be influenced by offering (a) direct incentives to influence the buying behavior of potential buyers and (b) referral rewards to exploit the impact of social influence in inducing a purchasing decision. The company is interested in an optimal mix of these incentive programs. We report results on structure of optimal strategies for the company with significant practical implications. (iv) Truthful Tractable Mechanisms with Applications to Crowd sourcing: We focus on crowd- sourcing applications that involve specialized tasks for which the planner hardly has any idea about crowdworkers’ costs, for example, tagging geographical regions with air pollution levels or severity level of Ebola like disease. The mechanisms have to be robust to untruthful bidding from the crowdworkers. In our work, we propose tractable allocation algorithms that are monotone, leading to design of truthful mechanisms that can be successfully deployed in such applications.

Modeindustrin präglas av ett uppmärksammande kring industrins förorening och dess miljörelaterade hållbarhetsproblematik. Till följd av detta har det skett en implementering av hållbarhet inom den textila värdekedjan. För att attrahera nya och existerande kunder till sina mer hållbara produkter arbetar modeföretag kontinuerligt med att formulera budskap innehållande påståenden om miljörelaterad hållbarhet. Det har dock visat sig att detta är ett svårt budskap att förmedla och ännu svårare är det för företag att få sina konsumenter att lita på, uppfatta och ta till sig den information som kommuniceras ut då grön marknadsföring ofta möts med skepsis. För att skapa förståelse för vad som ligger till grund för denna problematik undersöker denna studie konsumenters attityder och tolkningar till gröna annonser från modeföretag. Denna studie tar sin form genom en kvalitativ undersökning som jämför om det finns skillnader mellan de attityder och tolkningar som konsumenter i olika åldersgrupper bildar. Undersökningen har genomförts genom fyra stycken fokusgruppsintervjuer bestående av totalt 18 respondenter. Nio av respondenterna var i åldrarna 22-25 och de resterande nio i åldrarna 45-58. Studiens resultat visar på att det förekommer likheter såväl skillnader mellan hur konsumenter av olika åldersgrupper tolkar gröna annonser samt vilka attityder de bildar mot annonseras budskap. Studien påvisar att dessa likheter och skillnader grundar sig i annonsernas utformning vilket innefattar de termer som används, den textmängd som förekommer, om annonsen innefattar miljömärkningar samt vilka bilder och färger som återfinns i annonsen bildar konsumenterna olika attityder. Annonsernas utformning har även en inverkan på hur konsumenter tolkar de grön annonserna, om de upplevs som mer eller mindre miljövänliga samt om konsumenterna uppfattar de gröna annonserna som trovärdiga. / The fashion industry has been characterized by an awareness of the industry's pollution and its environmental-related sustainability issues. As a result, there has been an implementation of sustainability within the textile value chain. To attract new and existing customers to their more sustainable products, fashion companies continuously work with formulating messages containing environmental claims. However, it has been found that this is a difficult message to convey and it is even harder for companies to get their consumers to trust, perceive and receive the information communicated when consumers have a skeptic attitude towards green marketing. In order to create an understanding of the underlying causes of this problem, this study investigates consumers attitudes and interpretations of green advertisements from fashion companies. This study takes shape through a qualitative research method which compares if there are differences between the attitudes and interpretations from consumers of different age groups. The research has been conducted through four focus group interviews consisting of a total of 18 respondents. Nine of the respondents were in the ages of 22-25 and the remaining nine were in the ages of 45-58. The results of the study indicate that there are both similarities and differences between how consumers of different age groups interpret green advertisement and what attitudes they form against the advertised messages. The study shows that these similarities and differences of consumers attitudes are based on the formation of the advertisement. The formation also has an impact on how consumers interpret the green advertisements, if they are perceived as more or less environmentally friendly, and if consumers perceive the green advertisements as credible.

Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-05-05T20:06:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Denise Santos de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 3990360 bytes, checksum: 1b334cb5389f48673746e329e16254f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-05-10T13:38:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Denise Santos de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 3990360 bytes, checksum: 1b334cb5389f48673746e329e16254f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-10T13:38:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Denise Santos de Oliveira - 2017.pdf: 3990360 bytes, checksum: 1b334cb5389f48673746e329e16254f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the passenger's perception of the marketing strategies, developed by airlines, on each of their brand equity dimensions. From systematic review and research with airline managers a conceptual model was proposed, relating the marketing strategies, adopted by airlines, and the dimensions of consumer-based brand equity: brand associations/brand awareness, perceived quality and brand loyalty. The data were collected at six airports located in the Midwest, South and Southeast regions of Brazil and analyzed with Structural Equations Modeling (SEM). The results demonstrate correlation between the perception of marketing strategies, adopted by the airlines, indicating that for companies to affect the dimensions of value that the passenger perceives in the brand, it is not enough to carry out isolated investments, in one or the other strategy, but efforts to strengthen joint service innovations, price-related promotions and event sponsorship. This study provides a basis for the development of future studies on passenger-based brand equity and enables the best targeting of marketing strategies in the air transport sector / A proposta desse estudo consiste em examinar a influência da percepção do passageiro em relação às estratégias de marketing, desenvolvidas por companhias aéreas, sobre cada uma de suas dimensões de valor da marca. A partir de revisão sistemática e de pesquisa com gestores de companhias aéreas foi proposto um modelo conceitual, relacionando as estratégias de marketing, adotadas por companhias aéreas, e as dimensões de valor da marca na perspectiva do consumidor: associações/reconhecimento da marca, qualidade percebida e fidelidade à marca. Os dados foram coletados em seis aeroportos sediados nas regiões Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste do Brasil e analisados com Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM). Os resultados demonstram correlação entre a percepção de estratégias de marketing, adotadas pelas companhias aéreas, indicando que para que as companhias consigam afetar as dimensões de valor que o passageiro percebe na marca, não basta a realização de investimentos isolados, em uma ou outra estratégia de marketing, mas sim esforços para fortalecimento de inovações em serviços, promoções relacionadas a preço e patrocínio de eventos em conjunto. Este estudo fornece base para o desenvolvimento de estudos futuros sobre valor da marca na perspectiva do passageiro e possibilita o melhor direcionamento de estratégias de marketing no setor de transporte aéreo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_antonio_carlos_marx.pdf: 566131 bytes, checksum: ec2541dc7b7bae06d880c4f55056276b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-22 / This project shows the understanding of marketing-mix as a strategy to be used to divide in segments the aimed market, in order to overwhelm the competition and excel the customers demand. The theoretical fundaments about the theme suggest a defined conceptual option. It shows the marketing composed by four basic elements product, price, place and advertising which are combined in order to achieve the customer satisfaction in the aimed segment, that is the Coopavel s (COOPAVEL in Cascavel, PR) soybean farmer with a planted area equal or less than 350 ha. The project objective was to identify the variables which are more evident to the soybean seed customer, giving dimensions to the major points of decision in the product purchase process, highlighting relevant technical and behavioral details and creating marketing-mix actions and strategies for COOPAVEL according to the project proposition. The case study gives an interesting opportunity to gather information allied with a market oriented entrepreneurial strategy. Facing the project results, one will conclude that the company that uses modern marketing concepts will follow the market metamorphosis and will guarantee its competitiveness and the customer s loyalty and satisfaction. / A pesquisa desenvolve um entendimento do marketing-mix como uma estratégia de segmentar mercado-alvo, com foco principal a superar a concorrência e as exigências dos consumidores. A fundamentação teórica que difunde o tema sugere uma opção conceitual delimitada. Entende o composto de marketing organizado em quatro elementos primários produto, preço, praça e promoção e que secombinam no alcance da satisfação dos consumidores de segmento visado, nestecaso, do sojicultor da cooperativa COOPAVEL, Cascavel PR, com área igual ou inferior a 350ha. Procura-se identificar as variáveis de maior percepção por parte dosclientes no agronegócio de sementes de soja, valorizar o que consideram na decisão de compra do produto, levantar detalhes técnicos e comportamentais de relevância e criar ações e estratégias do marketing-mix para a empresa Coopavel em face ao que foi proposto. O estudo de caso representa uma interessante oportunidade de coleta de informações com uma estratégia empresarial orientada pelo mercado. Diante dos resultados da pesquisa, conclui-se que a empresa que adota modernos conceitos de marketing acompanha o processo metamórfico e garante competitividade, manutenção e, satisfação do consumidor.

El marketing en la actualidad utiliza herramientas experienciales para poder sobresalir y diferenciarse en un mundo cada día más competitivo, debido principalmente a la facilidad de acceso a la información de los clientes y una oferta de mercado cada vez mayor. Estos factores influyen directamente en el nivel de exigencia de los consumidores, teniendo como consecuencia el desarrollo de los productos y servicios del mercado. Por esta razón, dichas herramientas tienen como fin último la satisfacción del cliente con el objetivo de generar lazos y relaciones, para lograr un posicionamiento de marca positivo y crecer dentro de la categoría. En ese sentido, en la presente investigación se busca analizar las estrategias y acciones de marketing experiencial aplicadas en restaurantes de temática étnica en el Perú, teniendo como fin último entender el impacto de estas variables en la satisfacción del cliente final. La presente investigación analiza las variables de carácter físico (ambientación y decoración) así como las de carácter intangible (nivel de servicio y empatía) de restaurantes como Àmaz, Señorío de Sulco, Mishkina, Huaca Pucllana, Tribu Restaurante y otros con la finalidad de entender cómo la aplicación de éstas influye en el cliente y en sus percepciones con respecto al servicio brindado y la marca en general. La decisión de investigar el tema presentado surge a partir de la necesidad de la categoría de vislumbrar cuál es el resultado de sus esfuerzos por aplicar acciones de marketing experiencial en el cliente, siendo relevante debido al gran crecimiento y potencial de la categoría en el Perú. / Marketing today uses experiential tools to stand out and differentiate itself in an increasingly competitive world, mainly due to the ease of access to customer information and a growing market offer. These factors directly influence the level of consumer demand, resulting in the development of market products and services. For this reason, these tools have the goal of customer satisfaction with the aim of generating ties and relationships, to achieve a positive brand positioning and grow within the category. In this sense, this research seeks to analyze the strategies and actions of experiential marketing applied in ethnic-themed restaurants in Peru, with the goal of understanding the impact of these variables on the satisfaction of the final customer. This research analyzes the variables of a physical nature (setting and decoration) as well as those of an intangible nature (level of service and empathy) of restaurants such as Àmaz, Señorío de Sulco, Mishkina, Huaca Pucllana, Tribu Restaurante and others in order to understand how the application of these influences the client and their perceptions regarding the service provided and the brand in general. The decision to investigate the topic presented arises from the need for the category to envision what is the result of its efforts to apply experiential marketing actions to the client, being relevant due to the great growth and potential of the category in Peru. / Trabajo de investigación