Cette thèse s’ouvre avec des commentaires du siècle dernier sur les opinions de Luther à propos de l’autorité du gouvernement et de l’Église, ainsi que sur la nature humaine et la fonction de la loi. Je présente ensuite où ces critiques situent Luther par rapport à la tradition scholastique et par rapport à la tradition romaine au sein de l’Église. Puis, j’explore les œuvres de Luther pour mettre en lumière ses arguments concernant l’Église, la source de son autorité, ainsi que la relation de celle-ci avec les gouvernements, autrement dit les autorités temporelles. De là, je m’intéresse à la comparaison que le réformateur fait entre la place de l’Église dans la société et celle de l’autorité temporelle. Enfin, j’analyse les écrits de Luther à propos de deux évènements concernant la construction du Royaume de Dieu et plus précisément, dans quelle mesure l’Église dépend, ou non, des autorités temporelles pour construire ce Royaume. Nous allons trouver une réponse surprenante à la question de comment l’église est indépendante de l’autorité temporelle dans l’ouvrage spécifique au royaume de Dieu. Le but de ma thèse est de répondre à certains critiques qui reprochent à Luther de s’appuyer sur l’autorité temporelle pour établir l’Église, et par conséquent de donner au temporel le contrôle sur le spirituel. Nous découvrirons que Luther tire son autorité des Écritures. Nous découvrirons aussi les conséquences que cette autorité a sur sa philosophie politique, c'est-à-dire l’importance de la soumission aux autorités gouvernantes en même temps que la libération des individus de la tyrannie d’une fausse doctrine. / This paper begins by citing some of the past century’s commentaries on Luther’s views on authority in government and the church as well as his views on human nature. I will show where his critics place him in reference to the scholastic tradition as well as the Roman tradition within the church. From here I will consider his writings themselves for the arguments that he made regarding the church and its source of authority as well as its proper relationship to the government, or temporal authority. I will address Luther’s perspective on the church’s place in society as compares with the temporal authority’s role. Finally I will present Luther’s writings in two specific situations concerning how the kingdom of God is built; more precisely, to what extent, if at all, the church is to depend upon the temporal authority for the establishment of the kingdom of God. The aim of this paper is to reply to the charge of some critics that Luther depended on the temporal authority for the establishment of the church and the implication that he gave the temporal authority control over spiritual matters. We will discover that Luther’s final source of authority comes from the Scriptures and the surprising effect that this has on his political philosophy is both to increase submission to the governing authorities as well as to increase freedom from the tyranny of false doctrine.

Civil rights commemorative boulevards are an increasingly important method of framing African American community revitalization and persistent historical inequities. Often underlying planning efforts to revitalize segregated African American neighborhoods, these boulevards are one important change mechanism for realizing equitable development and challenging structural racism. This thesis demonstrates the central importance of these commemorative boulevards in framing redevelopment and maintaining community resolve during the long struggle for revitalization

This thesis describes effects of Luther Decade on tourism in Germany. It deals with German tourism market and its segments of cultural and spiritual tourism, as well as with potential of Luther Decade for tourism. It characterizes meaning of Luther Decade for Germany and the worldwide effect of reformation and presents the organizational structure of Luther Decade. It defines potential of Luther Decade for tourism of three German countries: Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, using SWOT analysis. The outcome of the thesis is that the effect of Luther Decade on visit rate in German tourism cannot be proved, because of missing statistical data. Luther Decade is a contribution for tourism due to financial investment in tourism infrastructure and sights reconstruction. It also has a positive impact on Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt who received most of the financial resources and who are being promoted at home and abroad. Germany should monitor visitors of Luther Decade and continuously evaluate this project.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roberto Silva Fonseca.pdf: 488128 bytes, checksum: 2468cc67904ccd246f43543614d5a03d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-20 / The aim of his paper is to analyze Martin Luther s life, from the psychoanalytic view-point, by studying Erik Erikson s book Young Man Luther , A Study in Psychoanalysis and History. It is a very challenging bibliographic research, due to the amount of material produced up to now on Luther s life. A psycho-biography that aspires developing a profound and comprehensive study of a person whose magnitude of references is so vast is not an easy task. The first chapter s goal is to set up historical-scientific approach of the two protagonists. An exposition of Martin Luther s personal life is detailed firstly, beginning with his parents, reaching his individuality and his relationships with his wife and children. After that, a section will also be dedicated to Erik Erikson s life and thoughts, since he is taken as the point of theoretical reference to this piece of work. The second chapter consists in A Critical Dialogue With Erikson s Theory About Luther, elaborating a critical analysis of Erikson s book, Young Man Luther. This appreciation will be made on basis of the author of this paper s own thoughts, of ideas expressed by Luther himself, and of what other biographers have exhaustively spoken and written about his life. Finally, a critical appreciation and particular conclusions about the main characters will be expressed. / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a vida de Martinho Lutero do ponto de vista psicanalítico, através do estudo do livro de Erik Erikson, Young Man Luther, A Study in Psychoanalysis and History. É uma pesquisa bibliográfica muito difícil, devido a quantidade de material produzido até aqui sobre a vida de Lutero. Uma psicobiografia que aspire desenvolver um estudo profundo e compreensível de uma pessoa cuja magnitude de referências é tão vasta, não é uma tarefa fácil. O primeiro capítulo tem como meta fazer uma Aproximação Histórico-Científica dos Dois Protagonistas. Primeiramente será apresentada uma exposição detalhada da vida pessoal de Martinho Lutero, começando pelos seus pais, chegando na individualidade dele, e seu relacionamento com sua esposa e filhos. Depois disto, haverá também uma parte dedicada à vida e pensamento de Erik Erikson, que é o referencial teórico deste trabalho. O segundo capítulo consiste em um Diálogo Crítico Com A Teoria De Erikson Sobre Lutero, elaborando uma análise crítica do livro de Erikson Young Man Luther. Esta apreciação será feita com base em pensamentos próprios do autor desta dissertação, no que o próprio Lutero disse, e no que outros biógrafos falaram e escreveram exaustivamente a respeito de sua vida. Finalmente, uma apreciação crítica, e conclusões pessoais a respeito dos protagonistas.

In der Lutherdekade finden bis zum großen Jubiläumsjahr 2017 zahlreiche Ausstellungen, Konzerte und Veranstaltungen statt. Das Themenjahr 2012 steht unter dem Motto Reformation und Musik. Die Sächsische Landesbibliothek – Staats und Universitätsbibliothek Dresden (SLUB) präsentiert aus diesem Anlass gemeinsam mit der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche die Sonderausstellung Luthers Lieder. Sprachkunst und Musik von der Reformation bis heute (23. Sept. 2012 bis 8. Jan. 2013 im Buchmuseum und in der Galerie am Lesesaal).

Cette thèse s’ouvre avec des commentaires du siècle dernier sur les opinions de Luther à propos de l’autorité du gouvernement et de l’Église, ainsi que sur la nature humaine et la fonction de la loi. Je présente ensuite où ces critiques situent Luther par rapport à la tradition scholastique et par rapport à la tradition romaine au sein de l’Église. Puis, j’explore les œuvres de Luther pour mettre en lumière ses arguments concernant l’Église, la source de son autorité, ainsi que la relation de celle-ci avec les gouvernements, autrement dit les autorités temporelles. De là, je m’intéresse à la comparaison que le réformateur fait entre la place de l’Église dans la société et celle de l’autorité temporelle. Enfin, j’analyse les écrits de Luther à propos de deux évènements concernant la construction du Royaume de Dieu et plus précisément, dans quelle mesure l’Église dépend, ou non, des autorités temporelles pour construire ce Royaume. Nous allons trouver une réponse surprenante à la question de comment l’église est indépendante de l’autorité temporelle dans l’ouvrage spécifique au royaume de Dieu. Le but de ma thèse est de répondre à certains critiques qui reprochent à Luther de s’appuyer sur l’autorité temporelle pour établir l’Église, et par conséquent de donner au temporel le contrôle sur le spirituel. Nous découvrirons que Luther tire son autorité des Écritures. Nous découvrirons aussi les conséquences que cette autorité a sur sa philosophie politique, c'est-à-dire l’importance de la soumission aux autorités gouvernantes en même temps que la libération des individus de la tyrannie d’une fausse doctrine. / This paper begins by citing some of the past century’s commentaries on Luther’s views on authority in government and the church as well as his views on human nature. I will show where his critics place him in reference to the scholastic tradition as well as the Roman tradition within the church. From here I will consider his writings themselves for the arguments that he made regarding the church and its source of authority as well as its proper relationship to the government, or temporal authority. I will address Luther’s perspective on the church’s place in society as compares with the temporal authority’s role. Finally I will present Luther’s writings in two specific situations concerning how the kingdom of God is built; more precisely, to what extent, if at all, the church is to depend upon the temporal authority for the establishment of the kingdom of God. The aim of this paper is to reply to the charge of some critics that Luther depended on the temporal authority for the establishment of the church and the implication that he gave the temporal authority control over spiritual matters. We will discover that Luther’s final source of authority comes from the Scriptures and the surprising effect that this has on his political philosophy is both to increase submission to the governing authorities as well as to increase freedom from the tyranny of false doctrine.

This thesis categorises some characteristic features in the 20th century Lutheran theology, in order to create a picture of the Lutheran theology and Lutheran pre-understanding of life which leave its marks on Selma Lagerlöf as well as on other contemporary expressions of faith and worldviews. Four Lutheran figures of thought are examined as undercurrents in the discourse of the writings of Selma Lagerlöf. They are a) The understanding of Word and Faith, which includes the understanding of justification by faith. b) Faith in God as Creator and in his providence. c) The doctrine of vocatio and God's two regiments. d) The theology of the Cross that emphasises the descent of God and God's taking part in the human life. This investigation has shown that the epic of Lagerlöf can be read in terms of Lutheran theology. The religious roots of Selma Lagerlöf are often described as ”a nothing” - a traditional background, a friendly non-doctrinal piety, and so forth. But this inconspicuous and unconscious religious background has a content, namely the Lutheran faith in the culture and society in which she grew up. Some of the great novels such as The story of Gösta Berlings saga, Jerusalem and The wonderful adventures of Nils and some stories, sagas and legends are investigated. The study shows how the Lutheran understanding of life is expressed in these texts and their interpretation of the reality.

The evolution of the State was a process which went through many stages. Analysis of the modern State tends to begin with the Enlightenment; however, Dante Alighieri, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Martin Luther each represented early phases of this evolution. The theories of these men were closely tied to their evaluation of man's nature. Their main objectives were separation of the State from the Church and the definition of the rulers obligations to his subjects. Although humanism influenced all of them to varying degrees, each developed unique views of the State. Elements of these views can be detected in more modern theorists.

Post-World War II public schools in Harlem, New York were segregated, under-resourced and educationally inequitable. Addressing disparities in education was of paramount importance for the socioeconomic mobility and future of the neighborhood. In an effort to understand how race, religion, community, and education intersected in this context, this dissertation answers the following research question: How did St. Philip’s, the first Black Episcopal church in the city and one of the most historic churches in Harlem, participate in education during the post-World War II period? Responding to and preventing inequities in the neighborhood, including the substandard state of the public schools, St. Philip’s served as an educational space and organizational base for the community. St. Philip’s participation accounts for the way a Black church emerged as a space for education when the public schools were foundering. The church’s ethos of education - community engagement - reframes traditional frameworks of teaching and learning beyond schoolhouse doors. During the postwar period, St. Philip’s expanded its in-house programming for Black children, youth and adults, constructing a new community youth center, where classes, tutoring, after-school activities, college counseling, career guidance, day-care, recreation and clubs were community staples. Understanding the importance of inclusivity, continuity and consistency, programming was accessible to the entire neighborhood, regardless of membership with year-round services such as summer camp and career counseling. As an organizational base, the church hosted education talks and committee meetings, facilitating a forum for the community to engage in critical conversations about the state of education. It was a safe space for transparency and troubleshooting. Concerns about education expanded beyond conversations in the church, however. St. Philip’s corresponded directly with city governance, petitioning school-makers with recommendations and demands. This dissertation broadens the traditional civil rights narrative of Black religious activism, which has the tendency to dichotomize who participated and how they participated. This polarization includes regions: North-South, religions: Christian-Muslim, figureheads: Martin Luther King, Jr.-Malcolm X, and strategies: peaceful-militant. Historians Charles Payne and Nikhil Pal Singh push back on this oversimplified interpretation as “King-centric.”* St. Philip’s educational activism foils this paradigm as a Black Episcopal institution in a northern city. St. Philip’s brings nuance to categorizations of Black churches as either being focused on the far-reaching goal of social transformation or compliant with conservative social philosophies based on respectability politics. Its participation was both radical (such as establishing educational programming at the Community youth center that was open to members and non-members alike, regardless of class, age, political or religious beliefs) and conservative (such as sitting out of the 1964 citywide school boycott, while the majority of the Black community participated). In this way, St. Philip’s educational activism in Harlem calls into question criticisms of the Black Episcopal Church that position it as elitist and accommodationist to white values and white power, hence, apathetic to the challenges facing the Black population in cities during the post-World War II period. *Nikhil Pal Singh, Black Is a Country: Race and the Unfinished Struggle for Democracy (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2004), 6; and Charles Payne, I’ve Got the Light of Freedom: The Organizing Tradition and the Mississippi Freedom Struggle (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 419.

The diploma thesis "Martin L. King vs. Malcolm X: Two Competing Visions of the Fight for Civil Rights in the United States of America" deals with two different visions of the fight for civil rights, which reperesented by the two pivotal personalities of Martin L. King and Malcolm X. The thesis investigates wheather racial integration or separation is better and more suitable for blacks, or if it is better to gain rights and respect by nonviolent means or by any means necessary. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of opinions and ideas of both personalities during their lifetimes.