Atualmente, no Brasil e no mundo, há um aumento do número de mulheres que postergam a gravidez para após os 35 anos em função da estabilidade profissional, espera de um relacionamento, infertilidade, incerteza sobre o desejo de ser mãe. Independente do motivo, na proporção em que acontece, o aumento do número de mulheres que vivenciam a gravidez tardia configura-se um fenômeno irreversível, que só tende a aumentar. Esta pesquisa teve como objeto a vivência da gravidez tardia e seus objetivos foram: descrever a vivência da mulher que engravida após os 35 anos e analisar a vivência sob a perspectiva de gênero e vulnerabilidade. Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, tendo como técnica de coleta de dados a entrevista aberta, realizada com 16 mulheres no ciclo gravídico puerperal, com idade entre 36 e 48 anos, internadas em duas maternidades públicas, cenários da pesquisa, situadas no município do Rio de Janeiro. Foram observados os princípios da Resolução n 466 de 12 de dezembro de 2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde. Realizou-se análise temática dos dados categorizados. O estudo mostrou que fazem parte da vivência da mulher que engravida após os 35 anos, o desejo de ser mãe; aspectos positivos relativos à idade, maturidade, discernimento, profissão mais definida, aspectos que interferem favoravelmente na relação com a criança; e como aspectos negativos, cansaço, discriminação geracional e problemas de saúde. A espiritualidade, religiosidade e rede de apoio fortalecem a mulher para o enfrentamento de possíveis dificuldades. O planejamento familiar mostrou-se inexistente para as participantes e conclui-se que ao postergar a gravidez a mulher reduz a sua prole. Os resultados evidenciaram que para o planejamento da assistência o enfermeiro ou profissional de saúde deve trabalhar em equipe e conhecer o risco e a vulnerabilidade (individual, social e programática) da sua cliente. Deve considerar a situação socioeconômica e aspectos da vida familiar e afetiva, profissional, jornada de trabalho, trabalho doméstico, rede de apoio e acessibilidade aos serviços. A fim de detectar aspectos individuais, coletivos e contextuais que aumentam a suscetibilidade da cliente. A escuta qualificada é a primeira providência para identificar as necessidades e singularidades das clientes e definir a estratégia de cuidados. / Currently in Brazil and worldwide, there is an increase in the number of women postponing pregnancy to after 35 years due to the job security, expecting a relationship, infertility, uncertainty about desire to be mother. Regardless of the reason, to the extent that happens, increased number of women who experienced late pregnancy sets up an irreversible phenomenon, which only tends to increase. This research had as its object the experience of late pregnancy and its objectives were to describe the experience of a woman who becomes pregnant after 35 years and analysis the experience from the perspective of gender and vulnerability. Descriptive study with a qualitative approach with the technique of gathering data open interviews were conducted with 16 women in cycle age 36 to 48 years admitted to public hospitals, research sceneries, located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The principles of Resolution n 466 of December 12, 2012 Council National Health were observed to categorize the data, thematic analysis steps. were observed. The study showed that compose the experiences of women who are pregnancy after 35 years, the desire to be a mother, positive aspects as age, maturity, judgment, more defined profession, aspects that impacts positively on the relationships with the child., As negative aspects, fatigue, age discrimination and health problems. Spiritually, religiosity and support network empower women to face possible difficulties. The contraception in family proved nonexistent for participates and was concluded that by postponing the pregnancy women reduces the number of children, The results showed that are planning nurses, health professionals must work as team and know the risk and vulnerability (individual, social, programmatic). Should consider their economic situation, family and love life, professional and house work, support network and access to service. In order to detect individual, collective and contextual factors that increase the vulnerability, identify singularities and setting strategies of care.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:02:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 407943 bytes, checksum: 16eecc5b2e4c078f9aed01cf23688f1a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The following study was carried out through empirical data, transdisciplinary research and qualitative approach, and it ´s aim is to comprehend the experience of motherhood in the perspective of spirituality. Data were collected through participant observation in a Primary Care Unit´s pregnancy group in João Pessoa, PB, in the Northeast of Brazil, and also through individual interviews with its participants. Women´s speeches were then analized after meanings and significances which could allow further comprehension on the experience of maternity, and the results show that mothering, when it comes to a social context that respects women´s autonomy over their bodies and choices, can be a way of recreating their lives and perceptions of the world. / O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter transdisciplinar e abordagem qualitativa, que tem por objetivo central compreender a vivência da maternidade na perspectiva da espiritualidade. Para tanto, foi realizada observação participante no grupo de gestantes de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na periferia de João Pessoa, PB, bem como entrevistas individuais com suas participantes. As narrativas das mulheres foram então analisadas na busca de sentidos e significados que possibilitassem uma compreensão ampla da experiência da maternagem, evidenciando-se que o ser mãe pode, num contexto de respeito à autonomia feminina sobre seu corpo e suas escolhas, apresentar-se como uma vivência de reinvenção da vida e das relações das mulheres em questão.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2017-08-09T21:59:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Setin Januário2.pdf: 1486164 bytes, checksum: 56647e05a195e53ef4965d13e5ac317c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-09T21:59:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna Setin Januário2.pdf: 1486164 bytes, checksum: 56647e05a195e53ef4965d13e5ac317c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-08 / It is widely known that motherhood implies for the woman a series of changes, from bodily aspects to her social role. So many changes can generate several difficulties and cause very adverse situations. It is understood, therefore, that it is of the utmost importance that this mother has a good capacity for resilience so that she can best manage each of the adverse events that motherhood can bring to her. In this sense, this dissertation aims to evaluate the resilience and vulnerability factors in mothers of deaf children. The research methodology of this study was quantitative descriptive, using the Connor-Dacdson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Thirty mothers of deaf children, chosen for convenience, participated in the study. As inclusion criteria, it was defined that the minimum age of children should be a minimum of 3 years and a maximum of 10 years. As a main result of this study, it is observed that the absence of sadness showed greater variance in resilience results, having as amplitude scores ranging from 4 - that is, the maximum score for the test - up to 0.8. On the other hand, in the presence of this feeling, more homogeneous levels of resilience were perceived, having the minimum value very close to the maximum value - 3.3 and 3.4 respectively. In relation to vulnerability, the present study can identify three possible types of negligence that demonstrate these aspects of the motherhood of a child with disabilities: the family income not proportional to the level of education of the mothers, the absence of emotional attention, especially at the moment of diagnosis and the Restriction of access to important information on the disability of children by health professionals. Finally, the absence of public power - with the consequent absence of social protection programs for these families - is emphasized, as well as the lack of studies on this maternity. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out other quantitative studies, with larger samples, and qualitative ones, which could strengthen the hypoth / É amplamente conhecido que a maternidade implica para a mulher uma série de mudanças, desde aspectos corporais até seu papel social. Tantas alterações podem gerar várias dificuldades e ocasionar situações bem adversas. Compreende-se, assim, que é de extrema importância que essa mãe tenha uma boa capacidade de resiliência para que possa gerir da melhor maneira cada um dos eventos adversos que a maternidade pode lhe trazer. Neste sentido, esta dissertação tem o objetivo avaliar a resiliência e os fatores de vulnerabilidade em mães de crianças surdas. A metodologia de pesquisa deste estudo foi descritiva quantitativa, utilizando-se da Connor-Dacdson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) e de um questionário sociodemográfico. Participaram do estudo 30 mães de crianças surdas, escolhidas por conveniência. Como critérios de inclusão, definiu-se que a idade mínima das crianças deveria ser mínima de 3 anos e máxima de 10 anos. Como resultado principal deste estudo, tem-se que a ausência do sentimento de tristeza apresentou maior variância nos resultados de resiliência, tendo como amplitude pontuações que vão de 4 – ou seja, a pontuação máxima para o teste – até 0,8. Por outro lado, na presença deste sentimento, perceberam-se níveis mais homogêneos de resiliência, tendo o valor mínimo muito próximo ao valor máximo – 3,3 e 3,4 respectivamente. Em relação à vulnerabilidade, o presente estudo pode identificar três possíveis negligências que evidenciam estes aspectos da maternidade de uma criança com deficiência: a renda familiar não proporcional ao nível de escolaridade das mães, a ausência de atendimento emocional, principalmente no momento do diagnóstico e a restrição no acesso às informações importantes sobre a deficiência dos filhos por parte dos profissionais de saúde. Por fim, ressalta-se tanto o afastamento do poder público – com a consequente ausência de programas de proteção social a essas famílias – a quanto a ausência de estudos sobre essa maternidade. Vê-se, assim, a necessidade de realização de outros estudos tanto de caráter quantitativo, com amostras maiores, quanto de caráter qualitativo, que possam fortalecer as hipóteses levantadas nesta dissertação, bem como fomentar novas ações de cuidado para com essa população.

The thesis deals with the role of a tutor in the Therapeutic community Karlov within a group of drug addicted mothers and their children. The thesis introduces the drug issue, including the general specification of a therapeutic community. The status of the non-profit organization SANANIM in the Czech Republic is described herein, as well as detailed characterization of its Therapeutic community Karlov which focuses on treating drug-addicted mothers along with their children. Another part of this thesis concentrates on the treatment of drug-addicted mothers along with their children and highlights the role of the tutor in the whole process. The last part of this work is dedicated to a qualitative research conducted within a group of abstaining mothers that received a treatment in this Therapeutic community. Over the course of this research a hypothesis that a tutor has positive influence on the relation of mother and her child/children during the treatment phase was confirmed.

This diploma thesis focuses on assessment of the mother - child relationship during the first three days after childbirth. The theoretical section discusses motherhood, pregnancy and the act of childbirth. From the postpartum standpoint, the mother's psyche and the psychology of the newborn are at the centre of our attention, along with issues related to providing support and ensuring the mother - child bonding processes takes place. Early communication between mother and child is described, as is the origin and development of bonding. To prepare the theoretical section of the thesis, available Czech and foreign sources on the topic were used. The thesis aims to map out how primiparas feel about their new social role as mother, and the nature of their relationship to their newborn in the first days after childbirth. To fulfil this objective, we employ a qualitative-quantitative methodology in the empirical section. Various research methods are used: individual semi-structured interviews, analyses and subsequent data analyses, the "think out loud" method (i.e., the regular verbalisation of one's own thinking process), and the MIRF scale. Ten mothers agreed to take part in the research; all of them in the period from one to three days after the birth of their first child. Based upon an analysis of the data, we determined that in terms of their feelings about motherhood and their relationship with their newborn, these research subjects may be divided into four major groups. The conclusions arrived at in the research were compared with those of Thorstensson et al. (2012), the study that inspired our efforts. Our experience with the interviews carried out with mothers shows that during the semi-structured interview during which they answered our questions these mothers were more focused on themselves, their feelings and issues. However, when they subsequently filled out the MIRF scale, the situation changed. The mothers shifted their focus to their children and their specific feelings towards them. Filling out the MIRF scale improved the mothers' understanding of the individual aspects of their relationship towards their children. The MIRF scale helped them to identify individual areas better. For this reason, we consider the use of the MIRF scale as beneficial from the standpoint of both mothers and the medical staff caring for them and their newborns in the first days after childbirth. The MIRF scale could be utilised practically as part of routine care for mothers and their children. It might improve the support mothers for interacting with their newborns and thereby effectively increase the mothers' sensitivity to their baby's behaviour.

[pt] Essa dissertação tem como objetivo estimar os efeitos da legislação de licença maternidade sobre os salários e o emprego da mulher no Brasil. Para tanto, analisamos os impactos da elevação do período de licença, que passou de 12 semanas para 120 dias, proporcionada pela Constituição Federal de 1988. O efeito da legislação é ambíguo a priori. É de se esperar que a licença tenha efeitos negativos na medida em que eleve o custo dos empregadores. Por outro lado, a legislação pode ter efeitos positivos ao evitar que as mulheres se retirem do mercado de trabalho cada vez que tenham um filho, preservando o capital humano específico à empresa acumulado dessas trabalhadoras. Utilizamos uma simples metodologia de diferenças em diferenças com base em dados da Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego entre 1986 e 1991. Os resultados mostram que a licença não teve impactos significantes sobre salários, o que reforça a idéia de que a legislação sobre licença maternidade não impõe altos custos aos empregadores. Também não foram encontrados indícios de que a licença tenha elevado a retenção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho, mesmo no caso das trabalhadoras mais educadas. Os resultados da licença sobre emprego também foram insignificantes. / [en] This dissertation aims to estimate the effects of maternity leave legislation in women´s wages and employment in Brazil. Therefore, we analyze the impacts of an increase in the leave period, which was raised from 12 weeks to 120 days, due to the Federal Constitution of 1998. The effect of the legislation is ambiguous a priori. One should expect that the leave would have negative effects to the extent that it raises the cost to the employers. On the other hand, the legislation can have positive effects if it avoids that women leave the labor market each time they have a child, thereat, increasing the firm-specific human capital of those workers. We utilize a simple difference in differences methodology with data form Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego between 1986 and 1991. The results show that the leave increase had no significant impact, which reinforces the conclusion that the maternity leave legislation does not impose higher costs to the employer. We also find no signs that the leave had raised women´s retention on the labor market, even in the case for the more educated female workers. The results also show insignificant impact in women´s employment.

160f. / Submitted by Suelen Reis (suziy.ellen@gmail.com) on 2013-04-22T18:42:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marivaldo do Amaralseg.pdf: 2186230 bytes, checksum: fa219f29894926a79a53a07c4049d7ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Hozana Azevedo(hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T14:02:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marivaldo do Amaralseg.pdf: 2186230 bytes, checksum: fa219f29894926a79a53a07c4049d7ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T14:02:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marivaldo do Amaralseg.pdf: 2186230 bytes, checksum: fa219f29894926a79a53a07c4049d7ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Da Comadre Para o Doutor – A Maternidade Climério de Oliveira e a Nova Medicina da Mulher na Bahia Republicana (1910-1927) discute o processo de medicalização do parto na Bahia, problematizando os discursos médicos, suas prescrições e perspectivas de mudança no comportamento da sociedade, bem como, as mães baianas frente à nova medicina da mulher, que as tornava passíveis de controle social. Esta pesquisa insere-se no contexto da Bahia republicana do inicio do século XX, momento em que a obstetrícia baiana consolidou-se através da inauguração da primeira Maternidade/Escola do Estado. A Maternidade significava não apenas uma nova agenda higienista para o parto na Bahia, como também um avanço do ensino de clínica obstétrica da Faculdade de Medicina, pois a muito, formava seus jovens médicos sem terem aulas práticas. A produção historiográfica baiana tem ampliado a atenção sobre a temática da mulher nos seus variados espaços de sociabilidades e diferentes camadas sociais. Entretanto, esta pesquisa apresenta-se de forma inédita, quando problematiza a mulher pobre no âmbito da Maternidade, analisando valores sociais, desigualdades, rupturas, coexistências, percebendo-as como protagonistas do processo histórico. Numa perspectiva de História Social da Mulher e da Medicina, busca-se compreender a chamada modernização da Bahia no inicio do século XX. Numa sociedade permeada de valores tradicionais, as mulheres baianas eram postas diante da nova realidade médico-científica. A Maternidade Climério de Oliveira significou o novo nascer na Bahia. Esta mudança era parte de uma ampla higienização, que seria implementada posteriormente. A construção da Maternidade, a inserção da mulher mãe no espaço publico da ciência obstétrica, bem como a importância da filantropia baiana na construção e manutenção da primeira Maternidade da Bahia, consolidam-se como objeto de nosso estudo. / Salvador

Submitted by Raphael dos Santos (rdsantos@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-06T19:46:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Raphael_bib.pdf: 728939 bytes, checksum: 3e338c45a911c473f53ccef8dece975b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2017-07-06T20:13:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Raphael_bib.pdf: 728939 bytes, checksum: 3e338c45a911c473f53ccef8dece975b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T20:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Raphael_bib.pdf: 728939 bytes, checksum: 3e338c45a911c473f53ccef8dece975b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / This paper investigates possible effects of maternity leave extension from 120 to 180 days in Brazil on labor market participation of mothers. In order to do so, we explore changes in leave taking rules between January 2007 and December 2009 affecting public sector workers in a RD design. Using administrative data we are able to measure maternal employment outcomes. Results suggests there was no impact of extension on maternal employment one year after leave or at the time of the child's school enrollment. However eligibility for maternity leave extension increase maternal employment by 2 percentage points on maternal employment one year after childbirth for high income mothers. Preliminary findings indicate indicate no effect of leave extension on school enrollment by age 6.

Esta dissertação analisa as discursividades presentes em livros educativos contemporâneos que buscam tratar da educação de meninos e meninas, a saber: Criando Meninas da autora Gisela Preuschoff (2008), Criando Meninos do autor Steve Biddulph (2006), Como criar meninas felizes e confiantes e Como criar meninos felizes e confiantes, ambas as obras da autora Elizabeth Hartley-Brewer (2004a, 2004b). Ancorada numa perspectiva pós-estruturalista e a partir dos aportes teóricos dos Estudos de Gênero e dos Estudos Culturais, a investigação objetivou discutir e problematizar como tais artefatos culturais, investidos de conselhos, prescrições, dicas, regulações, funcionam como instâncias pedagógicas, sugerindo formas específicas dos indivíduos, no caso, mães, pais e educadores/as, conduzirem suas vidas e de outras pessoas e relacionarem-se consigo mesmos e com os outros a partir e em nome de certas verdades. Desse modo, pode-se dizer que os livros operam como manuais educativos. Além disso, procurei olhar para os mecanismos, os jogos estratégicos e as técnicas que fazem funcionar os discursos que ali se apresentam. Este estudo filia-se às discussões que buscam problematizar as relações entre poder e infância, ou seja, de como a infância é capturada nas relações saber-poder; como este sujeito infantil generificado é produzido e como operam as estratégias que objetivam seu governamento. Com o propósito de analisar as políticas de verdade presentes nas obras em questão, foram observadas as linguagens utilizadas e os diferentes campos discursivos em que se baseiam os saberes e proposições ali postos. As análises permitem dizer que as formas de “educar” presentes nas publicações posicionam os sujeitos de formas diversas e particulares, constituindo meninos, meninas, pais, mães, educadores/as, através de tecnologias humanas específicas. / This dissertation analyses the discursivities present in contemporary educational books that search to treat the education of boys and girls, namely: Raising Girls of the authoress Gisela Preuschoff (2008), Raising Boys of the author Steve Biddulph (2006), How to raise happy and confident girls and How to raise happy and confident boys, both titles of the authoress Elizabeth Hartley-Brewer (2004a, 2004b). Anchored in a post-structuralist perspective and from the theoretical contributions of Gender Studies and Cultural Studies, the research aimed to discuss and to problematize how such cultural artifacts, invested advices, prescriptions, hints, regulations, serve as educational instances, suggesting specific forms of individuals, in this case, mothers, fathers and educators, to lead their lives and other people and to relate to themselves and others from and on behalf of certain truths. Thus, we can say that the books operate as educational manuals. Also, I tried to look at the mechanisms, strategic games and the techniques that make the speeches that are presented work. This study is affiliated to the discussions that search to problematize the relationships between power and childhood, or of how childhood is captured in the knowledge-power relationships, as this infantile gendered subject is produced and how operate the strategies that aim their government. In order to analyze the politics of truth present in the titles in issue, were observed the language used and the different discursive fields that are based on the knowledge and the proposal put there. The analysis allow to say that the ways of "educating" presented in these publications positionates the subjects in different ways and particular, constituting boys, fathers, mothers, educators, by specific human technologies.

xvi, 243 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / Human birth represents a complex interplay between our evolved biology and the cultural norms and expectations surrounding birth. This project considers both the evolutionary and cultural factors that impact the birth outcomes of teen mothers that received support from a trained labor support person, or doula. Doula support has repeatedly been found to decrease the length of labor, the use of pain medication, the rates of caesarian section, and instrumental births and to increase rates of breastfeeding and bonding. However, virtually no studies evaluate why these positive outcomes occur. Current life history models suggest that traits such as short inter-birth intervals, early weaning, extended dependency, and simultaneously raising multiple dependent offspring co-evolved with child-rearing support from multiple caregivers. These models suggest that mothers should be particularly sensitive to perceived cues of social and material support for childrearing; doulas might provide such cues. The goal of this project was to explore how doula support impacted teen mothers' perceptions of their birth experience and outcomes. Data for the project were drawn from three sources: a 15-month participant observation at a non-profit organization providing doula support to teen mothers, 20 semi-structured interviews with mothers who received doula support for the birth of their babies, and by my attendance as a doula at over 50 births. Results suggest that teen mothers experience upheavals in social relationships with their friends, families, and partners following the discovery of their pregnancy. Participants indicated that doula support increased their knowledge of the birth process, provided unbiased and non judgmental support and information, gave them confidence in their ability to give birth, and encouraged mothers to be proactive in communicating with their care providers. Teens used friendship and kinship terms when describing their doula, suggesting that doula support provides cues of kinship that women have used throughout evolutionary history to assess the availability of alloparental care. While doulas themselves provide salient cues of social support, participants also indicated that doulas increased support from fathers and families, thus mobilizing support from existing social networks. Cues of adequate support may lead to increased maternal investment, thereby improving both maternal and fetal outcomes. / Committee in charge: Lawrence Sugiyama, Chairperson, Anthropology Frances White, Member, Anthropology; James Snodgrass, Member, Anthropology; Melissa Cheyney, Member, Not from U of O; John Orbell, Outside Member, Political Science