Ce travail de recherche vise à utiliser la sociologie néo-institutionnelle et ses concepts clés tels que les logiques institutionnelles et le travail institutionnel pour analyser comment les acteurs agissent sur les institutions au niveau d'une filière agricole. Nous avons choisi de vérifier l'applicabilité de notre cadre théorique dans un contexte empirique subissant un changement institutionnel, la filière légumes mauricienne. Pour valider le cadre théorique choisi, nous avons tout d'abord mené un terrain exploratoire. A travers une analyse thématique des enquêtes, nous avons identifié les logiques institutionnelles qui orientent les actions de nos principaux acteurs dans la filière légumes mauricienne, et les types et formes de travail institutionnel entreprit par les acteurs en place et nouveaux de la filière légumes. Cette thèse permet de conclure que l'étude du travail institutionnel dans une dynamique de filière agricole a toute son importance car l'approche sociologique permet aux chercheurs de mieux appréhender le comportement des acteurs de la filière.Mots clés : sociologie néo-institutionnelle, logique institutionnelle, travail institutionnelle, filière agricole, analyse de contenu thématique, analyse qualitative comparée. / This research work aimed at using sociological neo institutionalism and its key concepts, institutional logics, and institutional work to understand the work undertaken by actors in an agricultural value chain. We have chosen the Mauritian vegetable value chain, in the context of an institutional change, as a field of study to apply the theoretical concepts. An exploratory study was carried out to validate the theoretical framework selected. Thematic content analysis allowed us to identify the institutional logics of the vegetable value chain as well as the different types and forms of institutional work undertaken by the incumbent and new actors. This research work allows us to conclude that the use of the concept of institutional work to understand the dynamics of an agricultural value chain is important as the sociological lens enables researchers to better understand actors' behavior in a value chain.Key words: sociological neo institutionalism, institutional logics, and institutional, agricultural value chain, thematic analysis, qualitative comparative analysis

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Erisvaldo Pereira de Souza - 2017.pdf: 1864885 bytes, checksum: 11f1421b8276a3dc2e036aaac81ca1af (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-12 / This research has as main objective to carry out an analysis of the intellectual and political trajectory of Mauritius Tragtenberg, from a broad investigation of theoretical references and important information sources that are linked directly your actions and intellectual practices. The problem of research that we raised is as follows: from the assumption that Mauritius Tragtenberg held activities in organizations and institutions such as intellectual, is self-taught or academic, we could say that he in reality was an intellectual engaged? His work points to that end? The dialectical method as developed by Karl Marx, supports social phenomenon from its multiple determinations. To answer our research problem, we handle a theoretical reflection about the capitalist society, the intellectuals, cultural production and later use various informational materials, as in the case of your autobiography, testimonials, interviews, articles in magazines and newspapers etc. While investigating the trajectory of this author, we can realize your insertion in employees ' organizations, political parties mainly in your youth, moment in which will integrate these organizations. Later will break away from these and start a career of political activism with most critical and radical positions. So we can understand this militancy and your engagement, we work the concept of intellectual engaged in order to analyse their actions and political practices. With regard to your intellectual production, this expanded from newspaper articles since your youth, adulthood and later your engagement in the city of São Paulo (1978-1985) striking period of this intellectual production and participation with the working class in the defence of their interests. We seek to reconstitute your intellectual posture through the analysis of the texts of the papers of the period and at the same time, your speech, your discursive practice, effective practice, intellectual and journalistic practices, practices to understand your engagement and contributions to radical social transformation of social relations. The conclusion that we reached is that our initial hypothesis was confirmed from the reading of the texts of the newspaper, therefore, these texts were fundamental to prove this hypothesis. / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo central realizar uma análise sobre a trajetória intelectual e política de Maurício Tragtenberg, a partir de uma ampla investigação de referenciais teóricos e fontes de informações importantes e que estão ligadas diretamente as suas ações e práticas intelectuais. O problema de pesquisa que levantamos é o seguinte: a partir do pressuposto de que Maurício Tragtenberg realizou atividades em organizações e instituições como intelectual, seja autodidata ou acadêmico, poderíamos dizer que ele na realidade concreta foi um intelectual engajado? Sua obra aponta para esse fim? O método dialético tal como desenvolvido por Karl Marx, possibilita a análise do fenômeno social a partir de suas múltiplas determinações. Para respondermos o nosso problema de pesquisa, efetivamos uma reflexão teórica sobre a sociedade capitalista, os intelectuais, a produção cultural e posteriormente utilizamos diversos materiais informativos, como é o caso da sua autobiografia, depoimentos, material de entrevistas, artigos de revistas e jornais etc. Ao investigar a trajetória deste autor, podemos perceber sua inserção em organizações de trabalhadores, partidos políticos principalmente na sua juventude, momento no qual vai integrar essas organizações. Posteriormente vai romper com estas e começar uma trajetória de militância política com posições mais críticas e radicais. Para que possamos compreender esta militância e seu engajamento, buscamos trabalhar o conceito de intelectual engajado no sentido de analisar suas ações e práticas políticas. No que diz respeito à sua produção intelectual, esta se ampliou a partir dos artigos de jornais desde sua juventude, passando pela fase adulta e posteriormente o seu engajamento na cidade de São Paulo (1978-1985) período marcante desta produção intelectual e participação com a classe trabalhadora na defesa de seus interesses. Buscamos reconstituir sua postura intelectual através da análise dos textos dos jornais desse período e ao mesmo tempo, seu discurso, sua prática discursiva, prática efetiva, práticas intelectuais e práticas jornalísticas, para compreender seu engajamento e contribuições para a transformação social radical das relações sociais. A conclusão que chegamos é que nossa hipótese inicial foi confirmada a partir da leitura dos textos do jornal, por isso, esses textos foram fundamentais para comprovar esta hipótese.

This report is aimed at exploring what a Small Island Developing State (SIDS) would need to do in order to strategically use the Mauritius Strategy (MSI) to move their country towards sustainability as defined by the four principles of sustainability. Interviews were conducted with users and experts on the MSI representing various sectors such as governments, intergovernmental organisations and non-governmental organisations. These interviews were combined with document content analysis of key texts in order to identify strengths and necessary improvements of the MSI. A potential "ideal use" of the MSI was created by combining its current strengths and the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. This was then compared with the current reality of MSI usage, and gaps between the two were identified. Recommendations were given based on these gaps and on the improvements pointed out in the interviews in order to form a process through which a SIDS government could use the MSI to reach full sustainability.

La construction identitaire de l’adolescent est influencée par le contexte dans lequel il vit ; dans le cas de l’Ile Maurice, ce contexte est caractérisé par la présence officielle d’une catégorisation communautaire. Celle-ci amène les mauriciens à devoir se désigner comme membres de l’une des quatre communautés prescrites, ce qui devient problématique dans la construction identitaire, particulièrement pour les adolescents car ils sont dans une période déterminante dans leur développement. Nous avons voulu mesurer le degré d’influence du contexte multiculturel sur leur construction identitaire. Notre méthodologie nous a permis de constater la présence du communalisme dès le pré-test, et elle a été confirmée autant dans l’étude quantitative que qualitative. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence qu’un communalisme exacerbé conduit à une forte identité sociale, et ceci, au détriment de l’identité personnelle. En effet, nos résultats indiquent que l’existence des communautés contribue à faire que les sujets préfèrent leur groupe d’appartenance et ont des stéréotypes négatifs à l’égard des autres communautés. De plus, nous avons trouvé que l’appartenance communautaire est liée à l’identité sociale, composée essentiellement de l’appartenance religieuse, l’apparence physique et la classe sociale. D’autre part, nous avons constaté chez nos sujets une opposition entre un vécu interculturel interne et une identité sociale prescrite. Nous concluons à une remise en cause de l’existence officielle des communautés à Maurice, basée sur les résultats de notre recherche et nous proposons plus d’ouverture vers une éducation interculturelle et vers une valorisation de l’identité personnelle. / The identity construction of the adolescent is influenced by his living context; in the case of Mauritius, this context is caracterised by the official presence of categorization of communities. This presence induces mauritians to have the obligation to identify themselves to one of the four prescribed communities, which leads to a problematic identity construction, particularly for adolescents as they are in a developmental period which is determinant. As from the study of mauritians reaching the end of adolescents, we have measured the degree of influence of the multicultural context on the identity construction. Our methodology has allowed us to notice the presence of communalism as from the stage of pretest and it has been confirmed in the quantitative as well as the qualitative analysis. We have been able to prove that an overreacted communalism leads to a high social identity, leading in counterpart to less importance regarding the personal part of identity. In fact, our results indicate that the existence of communities contributes in making our participants prefer the community to which they belong and they have negative stereotypes towards other communities. In addition to this, we have found that belonging to a community is directly linked to social identity, which is essentially comprised of religious belonging, physical appearance and social class. Furthermore, we have noticed that our participants have an intercultural inner living which is opposed to the prescribed social identity. We arrive to the conclusion that the official existence of communities in Mauritius should be reviewed, based on the results of our research and we propose more implications in intercultural education and towards the promotion of personal identity

Thesis (MSc. (Horticulture)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / After harvesting litchi fruit, the red pericarp colour is rapidly lost resulting in discolouration and browning during storage and marketing. To mitigate this challenge, the South African litchi industry uses sulfur dioxide fumigation to retain litchi fruit red pericarp colour during extended storage and shelf-life. However, there are health concerns regarding the commercially used (SO2) fumigation for litchi pericarp colour retention due to high levels of SO2 residues in fruit aril. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possibility of Uvasys slow release SO2 sheets to retain ‘Mauritius’ litchi fruit red pericarp colour when packaged in plastic-punnets and bags. Treatment factors were two packaging materials (plastic-punnets and bags), six SO2 treatments (control; SO2 fumigation and four SO2 sheets viz. Uva-Uno-29% Na2S2O5; Dual-Release-Blue35.85% Na2S2O5; Slow-Release-36.5% Na2S2O5 and Dual-Release-Green-37.55% Na2S2O5) and four shelf-life periods (day 0, 1, 3 and 5). ‘Mauritius’ fruit were assessed for pericarp Browning Index (BI), Hue angle (ho), Chroma (C*) and Lightness (L*). In this study, an interactive significant effect (P < 0.05) between packaging type and SO2 treatments was observed on ‘Mauritius’ fruit pericarp L*, C* and ho during shelf-life. Fruit stored in plastic-bags and treated with SO2 fumigation showed higher pericarp C* and L*, while SO2 fumigated fruit in plastic-punnets had higher pericarp ho. Lower pericarp BI was observed in SO2 fumigated fruit stored in plastic-bags, which showed less pericarp browning than fruit in other treatments. In general, commercial SO2 fumigation resulted in lower pericarp BI, and higher pericarp L*, C* and ho throughout the storage and shelf-life. Our correlation analyses results further showed that litchi fruit red pericarp colour was better preserved as SO2 treatment levels increased, especially in plastic-bags. In retaining ‘Mauritius’ litchi fruit red pericarp colour, Uvasys SO2 sheets were not effective when compared with commercial SO2 fumigation. However, commercially SO2 fumigated fruit were bleached throughout the storage and shelf-life. Furthermore, fruit from all treatments were spoiled due to decay and mould growth after day 5 of shelf-life. Inclusion of pathogen protectants is important in future research to demonstrate whether Uvasys SO2 sheet-packaging technology can retain ‘Mauritius’ litchi fruit pericarp colour. / Agricultural Research Council and National Research Foundation (NRF)

This study uses energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances to evaluate how the scale of sugarcane cultivation affects the performance of a sugarcane bioenergy system generating exportable electricity from bagasse. Small-, medium-, large- and miller-planter systems, with cane field areas of less than 10 ha, 10 – 42 ha, 42 – 2000 ha, more than 2000 ha respectively, were modelled. Each of them also has different combinations of manual and mechanical agricultural operations, resulting in different cane yields. Miller-planter system (fully mechanised) performs best with energy yield ratio of 10.99, GHG emissions in bagasse electricity of 0.0633 kg CO2eq/kWh and avoided life cycle GHG emissions of 82.07% when replacing electricity from coal, whereas small-planter system (fully manual) has the worst performance with energy yield ratio of 6.82, GHG emissions in bagasse electricity of 0.0881 kg CO2eq/kWh and avoided life cycle GHG emissions of 75.03% when substituting electricity from coal. Sensitivity analyses show that relative performances of all sugarcane planter systems both in terms of energy and GHG emissions are not significantly affected by variations in bagasse allocation factor, in sugarcane yield and in fertiliser input (the most energy-intensive and GHG-emitting component). Moreover, they confirm miller-planter system as the overall best performer and indicate that increasing small-planters’ cane yield is the critical measure to improve their energy analysis performance. In terms of the nature of agricultural operations, mechanical operations do not necessarily require more input energy than their manual counterparts, contrary to common belief. This is the case for fertilisation, irrigation and cane loading. Fully mechanised sugarcane production at miller-planter scale is therefore strongly encouraged.

Based on the examiners’ reports of the University of Cambridge on the shortcomings of the students of form V (school certificate level) in Arabic language in the international examinations of year 2008 and 2009 and on the proposals and recommendations therein, the researcher started this research work to address the difficulties faced by students in Arabic language in the grammatical rules when writing essays and in translation from Arabic to English and vice versa in form V (school certificate level) and chose Doha Academy (secondary department) in Mauritius as model. The research work in fact confirmed the errors of students in the grammatical rules after analyzing the examination scripts of the mock examinations run at the school during the year 2009 and 2010 and the researcher came to know about the causes of errors which were also confirmed by means of a questionnaire distributed to the students at this level. The researcher’s interviews with the male and female teachers of Arabic language at School certificate level on the issue were of great benefits and they in fact made mention of the grammatical errors which the researcher came across in the mock examinations’ scripts after close study and analysis. The researcher also considered the importance of the contrastive analysis between Arabic and English due to its effect in learning Arabic as a second language. ط After analysis of the questionnaire and interviews, the researcher came across a number of important issues which he mentioned in details among the results which he concluded. The researcher concluded that most of the errors in grammar are due to the influence of the English language on the Arabic language through linguistic interference, transfer of experience, generalization, as well as errors related to the target language itself like hypercorrection and intralingual phenomenon etc. And that the errors found in translation are caused mainly because of lack of Arabic vocabularies as well as literal translation and a lack of fluency and confidence in using Arabic structures and grammar. Finally, the researcher mentioned a number of recommendations and suggestions which he considers to be a priority and should be executed if we really wish to eliminate difficulties and problems in the process of teaching and learning of the Arabic language at this level and to see the progress of this language in this island. / على (university of Cambridge) بناء على ما قدمّت جامعة كمبرج قصور الطلبة في اللغة العربية في امتحانات كمبرج الدولية للصف الخامس الثانوية للعامين 8002 8002 م، ومن اقتراحات وتوصيات انطلق الباحث في هذا البحث ليتناول الصعوبات التي – يواجهها طلاب اللغة العربية فيما يتعلق بالقواعد عند كتابة المقالات وفي الترجمة من العربية إلى الانجليزية والعكس وذلك في الصف الخامس الثانوي في جمهورية موريشيوس م اختيار أكاديمية الدوحة في موريشيوس نموذجا. لقد أشار البحث فعلا إلى أخطاء الطلاب والطالبات بعد تحليل أوراق إجابات لامتحانين 8000 م كما - في اللغة العربية أُجرِيا في الأكاديمية في العامين 8002 (mock exams) تجريبيين تعرّف الباحث على أسباب الأخطاء التي أكّدها الاستبيان الموزّع على طلاب هذا المستوى. وكانت لمقابلات الباحث م مدرسي ومدرسات هذا المستوى حول القضية ثمراتها حيث أكّدت كذلك ما وجدها الباحث من الأخطاء في النحو والصرف في أوراق إجابات الأمتحان بعد الدراسة والتحليل. رأى الباحث كذلك أهمية التحليل التقابلي بين العربية والانجليزية لتأثير هذه الأخيرة في تعلّم الطلبة اللغة العربية كلغة ثانية. بعد تحليل الاستبيان والمقابلات وصل الباحث إلى عدد من القضايا المهمة وذكرها بالتفصيل في النتائج في آخر البحث. وصل الباحث إلى أن اكثر الأخطاء ترج إلى تأثير اللغة الانجليزية على اللغة العربية تتمثل في التداخل اللغوي ونقل الخبرة والتعميم السلبي كما أن هناك أخطاء تتعلق باللغة اهمدف كالمبالغة في التصويب وتداخل اللغة نفسها. وترج الأخطاء في الترجمة أساسا إلى النقص في المفردات العربية، فضلا عن الترجمة الحرفية وعدم الطلاقة والثقة في استخدام التراكيب العربية والتدقيق النحوي. وأخيرا ذكر الباحث عددا من التوصيات والاقتراحات التي يعتبرها من الأولويات والضروريات ا ولتي يوصي بتنفيذها إذا أُريد بالفعل القضاء على الصعوبات والمشكلات في تعليم اللغة العربية وتعلمه وتقدم هذه اللغة في هذه الجزيرة. / Religious Sudies & Arabic / D.Litt. et Phil. (Arabic)

Based on the examiners’ reports of the University of Cambridge on the shortcomings of the students of form V (school certificate level) in Arabic language in the international examinations of year 2008 and 2009 and on the proposals and recommendations therein, the researcher started this research work to address the difficulties faced by students in Arabic language in the grammatical rules when writing essays and in translation from Arabic to English and vice versa in form V (school certificate level) and chose Doha Academy (secondary department) in Mauritius as model. The research work in fact confirmed the errors of students in the grammatical rules after analyzing the examination scripts of the mock examinations run at the school during the year 2009 and 2010 and the researcher came to know about the causes of errors which were also confirmed by means of a questionnaire distributed to the students at this level. The researcher’s interviews with the male and female teachers of Arabic language at School certificate level on the issue were of great benefits and they in fact made mention of the grammatical errors which the researcher came across in the mock examinations’ scripts after close study and analysis. The researcher also considered the importance of the contrastive analysis between Arabic and English due to its effect in learning Arabic as a second language. ط After analysis of the questionnaire and interviews, the researcher came across a number of important issues which he mentioned in details among the results which he concluded. The researcher concluded that most of the errors in grammar are due to the influence of the English language on the Arabic language through linguistic interference, transfer of experience, generalization, as well as errors related to the target language itself like hypercorrection and intralingual phenomenon etc. And that the errors found in translation are caused mainly because of lack of Arabic vocabularies as well as literal translation and a lack of fluency and confidence in using Arabic structures and grammar. Finally, the researcher mentioned a number of recommendations and suggestions which he considers to be a priority and should be executed if we really wish to eliminate difficulties and problems in the process of teaching and learning of the Arabic language at this level and to see the progress of this language in this island. / على (university of Cambridge) بناء على ما قدمّت جامعة كمبرج قصور الطلبة في اللغة العربية في امتحانات كمبرج الدولية للصف الخامس الثانوية للعامين 8002 8002 م، ومن اقتراحات وتوصيات انطلق الباحث في هذا البحث ليتناول الصعوبات التي – يواجهها طلاب اللغة العربية فيما يتعلق بالقواعد عند كتابة المقالات وفي الترجمة من العربية إلى الانجليزية والعكس وذلك في الصف الخامس الثانوي في جمهورية موريشيوس م اختيار أكاديمية الدوحة في موريشيوس نموذجا. لقد أشار البحث فعلا إلى أخطاء الطلاب والطالبات بعد تحليل أوراق إجابات لامتحانين 8000 م كما - في اللغة العربية أُجرِيا في الأكاديمية في العامين 8002 (mock exams) تجريبيين تعرّف الباحث على أسباب الأخطاء التي أكّدها الاستبيان الموزّع على طلاب هذا المستوى. وكانت لمقابلات الباحث م مدرسي ومدرسات هذا المستوى حول القضية ثمراتها حيث أكّدت كذلك ما وجدها الباحث من الأخطاء في النحو والصرف في أوراق إجابات الأمتحان بعد الدراسة والتحليل. رأى الباحث كذلك أهمية التحليل التقابلي بين العربية والانجليزية لتأثير هذه الأخيرة في تعلّم الطلبة اللغة العربية كلغة ثانية. بعد تحليل الاستبيان والمقابلات وصل الباحث إلى عدد من القضايا المهمة وذكرها بالتفصيل في النتائج في آخر البحث. وصل الباحث إلى أن اكثر الأخطاء ترج إلى تأثير اللغة الانجليزية على اللغة العربية تتمثل في التداخل اللغوي ونقل الخبرة والتعميم السلبي كما أن هناك أخطاء تتعلق باللغة اهمدف كالمبالغة في التصويب وتداخل اللغة نفسها. وترج الأخطاء في الترجمة أساسا إلى النقص في المفردات العربية، فضلا عن الترجمة الحرفية وعدم الطلاقة والثقة في استخدام التراكيب العربية والتدقيق النحوي. وأخيرا ذكر الباحث عددا من التوصيات والاقتراحات التي يعتبرها من الأولويات والضروريات ا ولتي يوصي بتنفيذها إذا أُريد بالفعل القضاء على الصعوبات والمشكلات في تعليم اللغة العربية وتعلمه وتقدم هذه اللغة في هذه الجزيرة. / Religious Sudies and Arabic / D.Litt. et Phil. (Arabic)

Tracked and inscribed across the centuries by traders, pilgrims and imperial competitors, the Indian Ocean is written into literature in English by Joseph Conrad, and later by selected novelists from the region. As this thesis suggests, the Indian Ocean is imagined as a space of littoral interconnections, nomadic cosmopolitanisms, ancient networks of trade and contemporary networks of cooperation and crime. This thesis considers selected fiction written in English from or about the Indian Ocean—from the particular culture around its shores, and about the interconnections among its port cities. It focuses on Conrad, alongside Amitav Ghosh, Abdulrazak Gurnah and Lindsey Collen, whose work in many ways captures the geographical scope of the Indian Ocean: India, East Africa and a mid-point, Mauritius. Conrad’s work is examined as a foundational text for writing of the space, while the later writers, in turn, proleptically suggest a rereading of Conrad’s oeuvre through an oceanic lens. Alongside their diverse interests and emphases, the authors considered in this thesis write the Indian Ocean as a space in and through which to represent and interrogate historical gaps, the ethics and aesthetics of heterogeneity, and alternative geographies. The Indian Ocean allows the authors to write with empire at a distance, to subvert Eurocentric narratives and to explore the space as paradigmatic of widely connected human relations. In turn, they provide a longer imaginative history and an alternative cognitive map to imposed imperial and national boundaries. The fiction in this way brings the Indian Ocean into being, not only its borders and networks, but also its vivid, sensuous, storied world. The authors considered invoke and evoke the Indian Ocean as a representational space—producing imaginative depth that feeds into and shapes wider cultural, including historical, figurations.

Dans cette thèse, qui interroge la mise en écriture de l’enfance dans le roman contemporain de Maurice et de la Réunion, il s’agit d’analyser les dimensions suivantes : les modalités narratives, la construction, l’évolution et les fonctions du personnage enfant dans l’économie des textes, les rapports qu’il entretient avec les membres de sa famille et de son entourage immédiat, ainsi que la relation entre ces œuvres et leur contexte social et discursif. Notre corpus inclut quatorze récits d’enfance fictionnels de dix écrivains et écrivaines des Mascareignes, publiés de 1987 à 2012 : du côté mauricien, Nathacha Appanah, Ananda Devi, Marie-Thérèse Humbert, Shenaz Patel, Amal Sewtohul et Carl de Souza; du côté réunionnais, Danielle Dambreville, François Dijoux, Axel Gauvin et Jean-François Samlong. Dans ces romans, si la diversité et l’hybridité narratives, discursives et symboliques témoignent de l’imaginaire pluriel de ces sociétés hétérogènes, l’on retrouve néanmoins certaines grandes tendances, comme une écriture axée sur la mémoire du narrateur adulte ou sur l’expérience immédiate de l’enfant; des personnages enfants principalement souffrants, mal-aimés, subalternes et révoltés; ainsi que des familles et des sociétés dont le fonctionnement, les discours et les idéologies paraissent inappropriés, voire tout à fait néfastes. Si certains de ces choix esthétiques reconduisent certaines conventions, d’autres incarnent une perspective tout à fait nouvelle, voire transgressive. Par exemple, les emprunts à d’autres formes génériques comme le conte ou le théâtre, certaines écritures tout à fait singulières, ainsi que le fréquent mélange des voix et des langages se distinguent clairement des normes établies. La maltraitance extrême des petites et jeunes filles et l’apparition de la figure de l’enfant violent semblent également inédites. Le point de vue et l’expérience de l’enfant jettent enfin un regard global, approfondi et foncièrement critique sur les sociétés mauricienne et réunionnaise du présent (surtout dans le cas mauricien) comme du passé (années 1930 à 1970), procédant ainsi à un contre-discours s’opposant aux images exotiques et bucoliques de l’île paradisiaque. Du statut de témoin à celui d’acteur, l’enfant permet à l’auteur d’aborder une série de motifs et de problématiques distinctifs de l’imaginaire et des littératures de l’océan Indien, tels que l’altérité, l’identité, l’histoire, la mémoire, etc. / In this doctoral dissertation, which deals with childhood narratives in contemporary novels of Mauritius and Reunion Islands, we will examine the following dimensions: the narrative modalities, the construction, evolution and functions of the child protagonist within the texts, his relationship with different members of his family and the people around him, and the connection between these works and their social and discursive context. Our corpus includes fourteen works of fiction from ten different Mascareignes writers, published from 1987 to 2012 : from Mauritius, Nathacha Appanah, Ananda Devi, Marie-Thérèse Humbert, Shenaz Patel, Amal Sewtohul et Carl de Souza; and from Reunion, Danielle Dambreville, François Dijoux, Axel Gauvin et Jean-François Samlong. In these novels, if the narrative, discursive and symbolic diversity corresponds to the plural imaginative world of these heterogeneous societies, we can still find some significant trends, including narratives based on the adult’s memory or the child’s immediate experience; suffering, ill-treated, subaltern and rebellious child protagonists; families and societies whose general functioning, discourses and ideologies seem inappropriate, even harmful. If some of these aesthetic choices partake of certain conventions, others embody a new and even transgressive approach. For example, borrowings from other generic forms like tales, theatre, etc., particular styles of writing and the frequent mixing of different voices and languages distinguish those texts from established norms. The extreme abuse of little girls and the appearance of violent children also seem original. The child’s experience and perspective provides a global, profound and inherently critical view of present-day and past societies of Mauritius and Reunion Islands, therefore providing a counter-discourse to the exotic and bucolic images of a paradise island. From being a witness to an actor, the child allows the author to explore a series of motives and issues distinct to the imaginative world and literatures of the Indian Ocean, like otherness, identity, history, memory, etc.