A radiação ionizante de fontes de radiação gama ou geradores de raios-x é frequentemente utilizada na ciência médica, como em exames de radiodiagnóstico, radioterapia e esterilização de aloenxertos. A radiação ionizante é capaz de quebrar cadeias polipeptidicas e provocar a libertação de radicais livres, pela radiólise de moléculas de água. A radiação ionizante interage também com o material orgânico a nível molecular, podendo alterar as suas propriedades mecânicas. No caso específico do tecido ósseo, estudos reportam que a radiação ionizante induz alterações nas moléculas de colágeno e reduzem a densidade de ligações cruzadas intermoleculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações promovidas por diferentes doses de radiação ionizante no tecido ósseo utilizando a técnica de Espectroscopia Transformada de Fourier com Reflexão Total Atenuada (ATR-FTIR), e também a análise dinâmico-mecânica. Amostras de osso bovino foram irradiadas usando irradiador de Cobalto-60, com cinco doses diferentes: 0,01 kGy, 0,1 kGy, 1 kGy, 15 kGy e 75 kGy. Para estudar os efeitos da radiação ionizante sobre a estrutura química do osso foram avaliadas a relação material orgânico por material inorgânico, a relação de sub-bandas de amida I e o índice de cristalinidade. As alterações mecânicas foram determinadas por meio do módulo de elasticidade e do valor do amortecimento. Para verificar se as mudanças químicas e as características mecânicas de osso possuem alguma relação, realizou-se um estudo sobre a correlação entre as análises feitas com os dados espectroscópicos e as análises mecânicas. Foi possível avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de radiação ionizante no tecido ósseo. Com a análise por espectroscopia ATR-FTIR, foi possível observar as modificações dos componentes orgânicos e na organização cristais de hidroxiapatita. Também foram observadas alterações no módulo elástico e na tangente de delta (dissipação de energia mecânica). Foram encontradas altas correlações com significância estatística entre a relação das bandas (amida III + colágeno)/v1,v3, PO43- com a tangente de delta, e entre a relação 1/FHMW e o módulo elástico. / Ionizing radiation from gamma radiation sources or X-ray generators is frequently used in Medical Science, such as radiodiagnostic exams, radiotherapy, and sterilization of haloenxerts. Ionizing radiation is capable of breaking polypeptidic chains and causing the release of free radicals by radiolisys.of water. It interacts also with organic material at the molecular level, and it may change its mechanical properties. In the specific case of bone tissue, studies report that ionizing radiation induces changes in collagen molecules and reduces the density of intermolecular crosslinks. The aim of this study was to verify the changes promoted by different doses of ionizing radiation in bone tissue using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Samples of bovine bone were irradiated using Cobalt-60 with five different doses: 0.01 kGy, 0.1 kGy, 1 kGy, 15 kGy and 75 kGy. To study the effects of ionizing irradiation on the chemical structure of the bone, the sub-bands of amide I, the crystallinity index and relation of organic and inorganic materials, were studied. The mechanical changes were evaluated using the elastic modulus and the damping value. To verify whether the chemical changes and the mechanical characteristics of the bone were correlated, the relation between the analysis made with spectroscopic data and the mechanical analysis data was studied. It was possible to evaluate the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation in bone tissue. With ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, it was possible to observe changes in the organic components and in the hidroxyapatite crystals organization. Changes were also observed in the elastic modulus and in the damping value. High correlation with statistical significance was observed among (amide III + collagen)/v1,v3, PO43- and the delta tangent, and among 1/FHWM and the elastic modulus.

A radiação ionizante de fontes de radiação gama ou geradores de raios-x é frequentemente utilizada na ciência médica, como em exames de radiodiagnóstico, radioterapia e esterilização de aloenxertos. A radiação ionizante é capaz de quebrar cadeias polipeptidicas e provocar a libertação de radicais livres, pela radiólise de moléculas de água. A radiação ionizante interage também com o material orgânico a nível molecular, podendo alterar as suas propriedades mecânicas. No caso específico do tecido ósseo, estudos reportam que a radiação ionizante induz alterações nas moléculas de colágeno e reduzem a densidade de ligações cruzadas intermoleculares. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações promovidas por diferentes doses de radiação ionizante no tecido ósseo utilizando a técnica de Espectroscopia Transformada de Fourier com Reflexão Total Atenuada (ATR-FTIR), e também a análise dinâmico-mecânica. Amostras de osso bovino foram irradiadas usando irradiador de Cobalto-60, com cinco doses diferentes: 0,01 kGy, 0,1 kGy, 1 kGy, 15 kGy e 75 kGy. Para estudar os efeitos da radiação ionizante sobre a estrutura química do osso foram avaliadas a relação material orgânico por material inorgânico, a relação de sub-bandas de amida I e o índice de cristalinidade. As alterações mecânicas foram determinadas por meio do módulo de elasticidade e do valor do amortecimento. Para verificar se as mudanças químicas e as características mecânicas de osso possuem alguma relação, realizou-se um estudo sobre a correlação entre as análises feitas com os dados espectroscópicos e as análises mecânicas. Foi possível avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de radiação ionizante no tecido ósseo. Com a análise por espectroscopia ATR-FTIR, foi possível observar as modificações dos componentes orgânicos e na organização cristais de hidroxiapatita. Também foram observadas alterações no módulo elástico e na tangente de delta (dissipação de energia mecânica). Foram encontradas altas correlações com significância estatística entre a relação das bandas (amida III + colágeno)/v1,v3, PO43- com a tangente de delta, e entre a relação 1/FHMW e o módulo elástico. / Ionizing radiation from gamma radiation sources or X-ray generators is frequently used in Medical Science, such as radiodiagnostic exams, radiotherapy, and sterilization of haloenxerts. Ionizing radiation is capable of breaking polypeptidic chains and causing the release of free radicals by radiolisys.of water. It interacts also with organic material at the molecular level, and it may change its mechanical properties. In the specific case of bone tissue, studies report that ionizing radiation induces changes in collagen molecules and reduces the density of intermolecular crosslinks. The aim of this study was to verify the changes promoted by different doses of ionizing radiation in bone tissue using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Samples of bovine bone were irradiated using Cobalt-60 with five different doses: 0.01 kGy, 0.1 kGy, 1 kGy, 15 kGy and 75 kGy. To study the effects of ionizing irradiation on the chemical structure of the bone, the sub-bands of amide I, the crystallinity index and relation of organic and inorganic materials, were studied. The mechanical changes were evaluated using the elastic modulus and the damping value. To verify whether the chemical changes and the mechanical characteristics of the bone were correlated, the relation between the analysis made with spectroscopic data and the mechanical analysis data was studied. It was possible to evaluate the effects of different doses of ionizing radiation in bone tissue. With ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, it was possible to observe changes in the organic components and in the hidroxyapatite crystals organization. Changes were also observed in the elastic modulus and in the damping value. High correlation with statistical significance was observed among (amide III + collagen)/v1,v3, PO43- and the delta tangent, and among 1/FHWM and the elastic modulus.

Nos últimos anos, o estudo de métodos de animação de escoamento de fluidos tem sido uma área de intensa pesquisa em Computação Gráfica. O principal objetivo desse projeto é desenvolver novas técnicas em GPGPU baseadas na arquitetura CUDA para simular o escoamento de fluidos não-newtonianos, tais como fluidos viscoplásticos e viscoelásticos. Ao invés dos tradicionais métodos com malha diferenças finitas e elementos finitos, essas técnicas são baseadas em uma discretização lagrangeana das equações de governo desses fluidos através do método sem malha conhecido como SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) / I n recent years, the study of methods of animating fluid flow has been an area of intense research in Computer Graphics. The main objective of this project is to develop new techniques based on the CUDA GPGPU architecture to simulate the flow of non-Newtonian fluids, such as viscoelastic and viscoplastic fluids. Instead of traditional methods with mesh - finite differences and finite elements, these techniques are based on a Lagrangian discretization of the governing equations of these fluids through the mesh free method known as SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-16T18:21:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Vinícius de Souza Almeida Conceição_.pdf: 1027394 bytes, checksum: ec1fa126f0db08777cb3c87ff8bdd7bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-16T18:21:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Vinícius de Souza Almeida Conceição_.pdf: 1027394 bytes, checksum: ec1fa126f0db08777cb3c87ff8bdd7bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-25 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho tem como objetivo, dentro da abordagem dos ciclos de negócios reais, elaborar dois indicadores compostos, antecedente e coincidente, para o complexo metalmecânico brasileiro. Delimita-se e caracteriza-se como complexo metalmecânico as atividades industriais nas seções 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30 do CNAE 2.0. A elaboração dos indicadores orientou-se sob adaptação da metodologia proposta pela OCDE 2012 para elaboração de indicadores compostos. Consoante com as rotinas difundidas por esta metodologia foram coletadas e tratadas 1026 séries de tempo, com dados mensais abrangendo o período de 1994 a 2015. Estes dados sendo submetidos a tratamentos estatísticos de filtragem, avaliação, aplicação de filtros X-12, HP, CF, FD, realização de testes Cross-Correlation e utilização de modelos ARIMA e PROBIT. Como resultado, elaborou-se um índice (I-MM) para acompanhar em tempo real o desempenho do complexo metalmecânico e três indicadores antecedentes, estes compreendendo uma probabilidade de ocorrência de recessões e expansões para cenários de curto prazo (IACP-MM) e médio prazo (IAMP1-MM, IAMP2-MM). / This study aims, in the approach to real business cycles, draw two composite indicators, antecedent and coincident to the Brazilian metal-mechanic complex. It delimits and is characterized as metal-mechanic complex industrial activities in sections 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30 of CNAE 2.0. The development of indicators was guided through adapting the methodology proposed by the OECD in 2012 for the preparation of composite indicators. According to the routines revealed by this methodology were collected and treated in 1026 time series with monthly data covering the period 1994 to 2015. These data were submitted to statistical treatment filtering and evaluation, application of X-12 filters, HP, CF FD, conducting Cross-Correlation tests using ARIMA models and PROBIT. As a result, produced an index (I-MM) to follow in real time the performance of the metal-mechanic complex and three leading indicators, these comprising a probability of occurrence of an event, which stipulate short-term scenarios (IACP-MM) and medium term (IAMP1-MM, IAMP2-MM)

A técnica caracterizada pela colagem de polímeros reforçados com fibras de carbono (PRFC) em elementos estruturais de concreto vem sendo aplicada com sucesso no reforço de estruturas em todo o mundo. Resistência à corrosão, elevada resistência à tração, baixo peso, facilidade e rapidez de aplicação, são algumas das características interessantes que têm contribuído para a sua disseminação. Nesta pesquisa propõe-se uma inovação construtiva fundamentada no desenvolvimento de um compósito de alto desempenho à base de cimento Portland e fibras de aço (macro + microfibras), destinado a constituir o que está sendo preliminarmente chamado de substrato de transição. A finalidade desse substrato é a de controlar melhor a fissuração do concreto da viga e retardar ou até evitar o desprendimento prematuro do reforço polimérico. Devido à carência de pesquisas semelhantes a aqui proposta, foi realizado um estudo preliminar em vigotas moldadas com fibras de aço e reforçadas externamente com manta de PRFC, onde se verificou que a concepção do substrato de transição é válida. Partiu-se então para a realização de ensaios visando à obtenção de um compósito cimentício com características apropriadas para constituir o substrato de transição. Os resultados e as análises efetuadas mostram que foi possível desenvolver um material de elevado desempenho, traduzido por um comportamento de pseudo-encruamento, com elevados ganhos de resistência e tenacidade ao fraturamento. A aplicação do reforço com manta sobre a superfície do substrato de transição, formado a partir da reconstituição do banzo tracionado da viga com o compósito cimentício, mostrou melhorar significativamente os níveis de desempenho da peça reforçada. Do estudo realizado foi possível comprovar a eficiência da técnica de reforço proposta, além de reunir uma série de informações que podem ser exploradas para se tornarem úteis como critérios de projeto de estruturas recuperadas e reforçadas. / The technique characterized by bond of the carbon fibers reinforced polymer (CFRP) in structural elements of concrete comes being applied successfully in the strengthening of structures in the whole world. Resistance to the corrosion, high tensile strength, low weight, easiness and rapidity of application, is some of interesting characteristics that have contributed for its dissemination. The objective of this research is to develop an innovate strengthening method for RC beams, based on a high performance cement-based composite of steel fibers (macro + microfibers) to be applied in a transition layer. The purpose of this transition layer is to better control the cracking of concrete and to be late or until avoid the premature detachment of strengthening. Due to lack of similar research here the proposal, was carried through a preliminary study in short beams molded with steel fibers and strengthened with CFRP sheet, where if it verified that the conception of the transition layer is valid. Tests were developed to get a cement-based composite with characteristics to constitute the layer transition. The results shown that were possible to develop a material of high performance with a pseudo strain-hardening behavior, high strength and fracture toughness. The application of the strengthened about the layer transition surface showed significantly to improve the levels of performance of the strengthening beam. Of the carried through study it was possible to prove the efficiency of the new strengthened technique and describe various information that can be explored to become useful as criteria of project of repaired and strengthened structures.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Tensões residuais são uma das principais causas de falhas em componentes mecânicos submetidos a processos de fabricação. O objetivo do trabalho foi medir as tensões residuais presentes em um tubo quadrado soldado por resistência elétrica de alta frequência e caracterizar microestruturalmente o seu material. Para a caracterização, foram utilizadas técnicas de microscopia óptica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e análise química quantitativa. Para a medição das tensões residuais, foi utilizado o método do furo cego, baseado na norma ASTM E837-08, onde rosetas (strain-gages) são coladas à peça para medir as deformações geradas devido à usinagem de um pequeno furo no local de medição. As deformações foram associadas às tensões residuais através de equações baseadas na Lei de Hooke. A caracterização revelou uma microestrutura composta basicamente de ferrita e perlita, típica de aços com baixo teor de carbono, corroborando com a especificação fornecida pelo fabricante. As tensões residuais encontradas foram trativas e mostraram-se elevadas, com alguns valores acima do limite de escoamento do material. / Residual stresses are one of the main failure causes in mechanical components submitted to manufacture process. The aim of this work was to measure the residual stresses present in a seame welded tube welded using a high frequency electrical resistance and to microstruturally characterize its material. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative chemical analysis techniques were used for the characterization. The hole-drilling method was applied obeying the ASTM E837-08 norm to measure the residual stresses, where strain-gages are glued to the sample to measure the deformations caused due to the machining of a small hole in the measurement point. The deformations were linked to the residual stresses using the Hookes Law equations. The characterization basically showed a composite microstructure of ferrite and perlite, tipical in lowcarbon steels, as the specification supplied by the manufacturer. The residual stresses found were tensile and high, with some values above the material yield strength.

Le système ostéo-articulaire a un rôle de soutien essentiel pour l’ensemble du corps humain. Il supporte les forces de gravité et les efforts produits par les activités quotidiennes. Ainsi l’os optimise et adapte sa masse et sa géométrie à travers le processus de remodelage osseux. Cette régulation spatio-temporelle peut subir des déséquilibres métaboliques comme l’ostéoporose qui conduisent à la survenue de fracture de l’extrémité supérieure du fémur lors d’une chute latérale ou de traumatismes divers. En effet l’ostéoporose se traduit par une diminution au niveau de la densité osseuse et des détériorations au niveau de la microarchitecture du tissu osseux augmentant ainsi le risque de fractures.Dans le cadre de cette thèse une modélisation mécanique du comportement de l’os ainsi qu’une modélisation biologique des activités cellulaires ont été proposées dans un premier temps. Dans un second temps, la pharmacocinétique de quatre médicaments a été modélisé soient l’Alendronate, le Denosumab,le Romosozumab et l’Odanacatib. Finalement, le couplage de ces modèles a permis d’avoir un modèle mécano-biologique couplé aux effets des médicaments contre l’ostéoporose qui permet de prédire l’évolution de la densité minérale osseuse et celle de l’endommagement par fatigue permettant ainsi d’analyser l’évolution de la qualité osseuse. Ce modèle a été implémenté au code de calcul par éléments finis ABAQUS/standard à travers sa routine utilisateur UMAT. Le modèle a été appliqué pour simuler différents scénarii de remodelage sur des fémurs humains (2D et 3D). Différents facteurs ont été analysés tels que l’amplitude des activités physiques, les doses de médicaments injectées, la durée des traitements, etc. les résultats obtenus sont cohérents (qualitativement) avec les études cliniques existantes. En conclusion, le modèle mécano-biologique couplé aux effets des médicaments proposés contribue à l’analyse fine du comportement de l’os et l’application des algorithmes a permis d’effectuer des essais virtuels permettant d’analyser les effets combinés de nombreux facteurs pluridisciplinaires caractérisant la qualité osseuse. / The osteo-articular system plays the role of crucial support for the whole human body. It supports the gravity forces as well as the efforts generated by daily activities. Thus the bone optimizes and adapts its mass and its geometry through the process of bone remodeling. This spatio temporal regulation can undergo metabolic imbalances such as osteoporosis which lead to the occurrence of the upper end of the femur fracture during a fall side or various traumas. In fact, osteoporosis is reflected into a decrease in bone density and level of damage at the level of the microarchitecture of bone tissue increasing therefore the risk of fractures. In the framework of this thesis, a mechanical modelling of the behaviour of the os as well as a biological modelling of cellular activities were firstly proposed. Secondly, the pharmacokinetics of four drugs were modeled which are Alendronate, Denosumab, the Romosozumaband the Odanacatib. Finally, the coupling of these models allowed us to have a mechanic-biological model coupled with the effects of drugs against osteoporosis that can predict the evolution of bone mineral density and of damage by fatigue allowing to analyze the evolution of the bone quality. This model has been implemented by finite elements ABAQUS/standard through its user routine UMAT.The model has been applied to simulate different scenarios of remodeling on human femurs (2D and3D). Different factors were analysed such as the range of physical activities, the doses of injected drugs,the duration of treatment, etc. Obtained results are consistent (qualitatively) with existing clinical studies.As a conclusion, the mechanic-biological model coupled with the effects of the proposed drugs contributes to the fine analysis of the bone behaviour and the application of algorithms allowed to conduct virtual tests in order to analyze the combined effects of many multidisciplinary factors characterizing the bone quality.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse est le résultat d'une collaboration fructueuse entre la chimie, la physique et la biologie. En effet, des matériaux avec des propriétés physico-chimiques très contrôlées ont été mis à profit dans le but de caractériser des fonctions cellulaires complexes. Nous présentons tout d'abord la création d'un outil permettant l'étude de la mécanotransduction cellulaire. L'originalité de cet outil est basé sur son activation par étirement permettant de lier réversiblement les cellules à la surface. Nous avons ensuite étudié des comportements de cellules souches et cancéreuses en réponse à des microtopographies sous forme de piliers. Cette approche a permis de définir un comportement cancéreux caractérisé par une déformation prononcée des corps et noyaux cellulaires. Nous montrons aussi que l'utilisation de cette surface couverte de micro-piliers permet de décrire la mécano-biologie de cellules cancéreuses. En effet, ce substrat à topographie contrôlée a permis de montrer que la chimie et la rigidité du substrat n'ont que peu d'incidence sur la déformation des cellules cancéreuses, alors que les éléments du cytosquelette sont primordiaux et que sans eux, la déformation n'est pas possible. Nous avons ensuite inhibé une à une des protéines de l'enveloppe et de la lamina nucléaire afin d'évaluer leur implication dans ces mécanismes de déformation. En parallèle, un séquençage total des ARN (Acides RiboNucléiques) de cellules déformées et non déformées a été réalisé dans le but de visualiser d'éventuelles modifications dans l'expression génique. Ces déformations des cellules cancéreuses entre les micro-piliers ont été comparées à celles que subissent les cellules lors de la traversée de membranes poreuses (Chambres de Boyden). Ces comparaisons nous ont permis d'identifier que plusieurs mécanismes peuvent aboutir à la déformation de cellules cancéreuses et en particulier de leurs noyaux. Nous montrons dans une dernière partie que la mitose cellulaire s'effectue sur les surfaces microstructurées. Nous décrivons une ségrégation des chromosomes qui semble être non parallèle. Toutefois, ces divisions atypiques ne causent pas davantage d'accidents mitotiques. / The work shown in this thesis is the outcome of a successful collaboration between chemistry, physics and biology. Indeed, materials with well controlled parameters have been used in order to characterize complex cellular functions. We first introduce the creation of one tool which allow the study of cells mechanotransduction. The originality of this tool is based on its activation by stretching which allow a reversible adhesion of cells to the surface.Then, we studied the behavior of stem cells and cancerous cells on micropillared surfaces. This approach allowed us to describe a cancerous behavior of cells characterized by strong deformations of cells bodies and nuclei. We also showed that the use of such micropillared surfaces allowed us to describe cancerous cells mecanobiology. Indeed, this substrate with a well controlled topography allowed us to show that substrates chemistry and stiffness have only little effects on cancerous cells deformation while cytoskeleton components are necessary. More specifically, the deformation is impossible without the cytoskeleton. We also inhibited the nuclear envelope proteins and nuclear lamina proteins in order to evaluate their involvement in cells deformation mechanism. In the same time, a total RNA (RiboNucleic Acids) sequencing of deformed and non deformed cells have been done in order to identify an eventual modification in gene expression.These deformations of cancerous cells between micropillars have been compared to the deformation of cells during the transmigration through porous membranes (Boyden chambers). These comparisons allowed us to identify several mechanisms which lead to cells deformation and more specifically to nuclei deformation.We showed in a last part that cells can divide on micropillared surfaces. We described a non parallel like segregation of chromosomes. However, these unusual mitosis didn't lead to supernumerary troubles in cell division.

The aim of this work is the development of mechanical models on a mesoscopic level for the analytical description of the material properties of textile reinforced concrete (TRC). For the modelling of the heterogeneous structure of TRC the concept of representative volume elements (RVE) is used. RVEs are representative for the mesoscopic structure. The overall material behaviour on the macroscopic level is obtained by means of homogenisation of the heterogeneous material behaviour on the mesoscopic level. Based on the micro mechanical solution of the elastic field of an ellipsoidal inclusion according to Eshelby a model for the determination of the material behaviour for multi-directional reinforced finegrained concrete is developed. An effective field approximation considers the interaction of the differentially orientated reinforcements in an averaged sense. Microcracks are included by additional strains in the representative volume element. The average interaction between the microcracks and the reinforcements is considered by an effective field approximation. As a criteria for the initiation of the macro cracking a critical microcrack density parameter is implemented in the mechanical model. The microcracks accumulate to macrocracks if the microcrack density parameter in the RVE exceeds this critical value. For the mechanical modelling of the bond behaviour between roving and matrix after macro cracking a multiple linear shear stress-slip relation is used. This shear stress-slip relation considers adhesion, damage and failure of the interface between roving and matrix. Hence experimentally measured pullout force-displacement curves can be simulated realistically. / Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist die Entwicklung mechanischer Modelle auf der Mesoebene zur analytischen Beschreibung des makroskopischen Materialverhaltens von textilbewehrtem Feinbeton. Für die Modellierung der heterogenen Struktur wird das Konzept der repräsentativen Volumenelemente (RVE), die für die Mesostruktur des betrachteten Verbundwerkstoffes repräsentativ sind, verwendet. Der Übergang von dem heterogenen Materialverhalten auf der Mesoebene zum mittleren Materialverhalten auf der Makroebene erfolgt mittels Homogenisierung. Auf Basis der mikromechanischen Grundlösung für ellipsoidförmige Einschlüsse nach Eshelby wird ein Modell entwickelt, das die Ermittlung des Materialverhaltens von multidirektional bewehrtem Feinbeton ermöglicht. Durch die Anwendung einer Effektive-Feld-Theorie wird die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der unterschiedlich orientierten Bewehrungen in einem gemittelten Sinn betrachtet. Die ab einer bestimmten makroskopischen Beanspruchung entstehenden Mikrorisse berücksichtigt das mechanische Modell über einen durch die Mikrorisse hervorgerufenen zusätzlichen Verzerrungsanteil im RVE. Mittels der verwendeten Effektive-Feld-Theorie kann eine mittlere Beeinflussung zwischen den Mikrorissen und der Rovingbewehrung erfasst werden. Für den Übergang von der Mikrorissbildung zur Makrorissbildung wird für das mechanische Modell der Begriff einer maximalen Mikrorissdichte eingeführt. Überschreitet die Mikrorissdichte im RVE diesen maximalen Wert, vereinigen sich die Mikrorisse zu Makrorissen. Zur Beschreibung des mechanischen Verbundverhaltens zwischen Roving und Matrix beim Rovingauszug am Makroriss wird eine multilineare Schubspannungs-Schlupf-Beziehung verwendet, welche die Schädigung des Roving-Matrix-Verbundes bis hin zum vollständigen Versagen erfasst. Damit lassen sich experimentell ermittelte Kraft-Verformungskurven an Zugproben wirklichkeitsnah abbilden.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(C) 課題番号:01560182 研究代表者:祖父江 信夫 研究期間:1989-1990年度