Ce travail de recherche tend à explorer les différents niveaux de processus psychiques liés aux problématiques d’addiction et de grande précarité, du point de vue de la psychologie clinique et de la psychopathologie. Ce questionnement s’est construit à partir du cadre d’une pratique professionnelle de psychologue clinicien intervenant auprès d’un public précaire.Nous soutenons que loin d’être unilatéralement une conséquence de la vie dans la grande précarité, ni même la cause de la « clochardisation », la symptomatologie addictive dans un tel contexte témoigne du rapport du sujet précaire à son corps, à l’altérité et à l’environnement. Nous tentons donc d’explorer dans cette recherche la multitude de scènes corporelles rencontrées auprès de nos patients, et leur potentialité symbolisante, tandis que l’objet d’addiction se placerait comme un contenant dont le contenu à incorporer permettrait une réactualisation de scènes traumatiques de l’histoire du sujet.Ces écueils de la symbolisation, que le sujet tente d’incorporer pour les revivre et les loger sous forme de sensations sur et dans le corps, seraient issus d’épisodes de décramponnement à l’objet primaire, générant alors des vécus de honte primaire extrêmement douloureux et destructeurs, que nous qualifions de honte essentielle et d’effondrement honteux.Ces considérations nous ont amenés à proposer plusieurs fonctions de l’addiction chez le sujet précaire. Les rituels d’incorporation et l’incorporation - elle-même - se poseraient en alternative à l’émergence de l’auto-réflexivité et de représentations insupportables.Les scènes du corps révélées durant la prise de produit, à travers leurs différentes formes d’expressions, tenteraient de trouver une issue à une situation de deuil inachevé, tandis que l’appareil somatopsychique pourrait momentanément s’éprouver comme unifié et contenant. Ce reflux de l’informe vers la sensorialité et la motricité témoignerait d’un processus plus large tendant à investir le corporel sur le versant mortifère.Nous proposons d’analyser à l’aide des médiations thérapeutiques quatre situations cliniques, permettant de saisir les enjeux psychiques de l’addiction chez les sujets précaires. / This research aims at exploring the different levels of psychic processes related to addiction problems and great precariousness from a clinical and psychopathological point of view. This questioning was built from the professional experience of a clinical psychologist working with precarious and addicted patients.This work contends that, far from being a unilateral consequence of living in great precariousness, and not even the cause of homelessness, addictive symptomatology in such a context illustrates the relationship of the precarious subject with his body, with the otherness and with his environment. This research tries to explore the great variety of corporal scenes encountered among our patients and their symbolizing potentiality while the addictive object would turn into a container whose contained would allow a reactualization of the subject’s traumatic scenes.These symbolization failures that the subject tries to incorporate in order to live them again and turn them into sensations on and inside his body, would stem from sensations felt when breaking away from primary object, thus generating extremely painful experiences of primary shames called essential shame and shameful collapse. These considerations have led us to offer several functions of addiction for precarious subjects. Rituals of incorporation and incorporation itself, could be an alternative against auto-reflexivity and unbearable representations.While taking drugs, the body scenes revealed through their different forms of expression would strive to solve an unfinished mourning situation, while the somatopsychic apparatus could momentarily feel unified and contained.This backward surge of the formless towards sensoriality and motricity would suggest a wider process tending to place the corporeal image on the deadly side With the help of therapeutic mediations, we propose to analyze four clinical situations that will enable us to understand the psychic stakes of addiction for precarious patients.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:38:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Helena Maria Daquanno Martins Testi.pdf: 2024967 bytes, checksum: 4a9ae508bfb6deb8424fb9530dba9133 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present study investigates from the point of view of Psychoanalysis a case of attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Articulate this point of view the research developed by doctors and scientists, like Barkley, Camargos Jr. and Hounie, Cypel, Rohde, Topoczewski, Ajuriaguerra, among others, to investigate the context of diagnosis and onset of that name, and its evolution in the field of Medicine. Guide this work theoretically studies of Freud and Piera Aulagnier, which postulate the psychic constitution of the subject based on conflicts of early childhood. The basic concepts for the analysis of the case were the transfer, identificatory conflicts and maniac defense. The notion of melancholy potentiality, developed by Violante, was also important for this study. The case investigated is that of a six year old child diagnosed as ADHD, the inattentive subtype. Manoel, as it is called the child in this study, was referred by the school because he had difficulty reading and writing, and can not focus and disrupt colleagues in the classroom. Was in attendance at weekly meetings during the year and a half, most of which, alone. Were also individually interviewed the mother (on three separate occasions) and father (in one). The researcher's notes during the meetings served as the basis for the constitution of the case and further analysis. The research questions that guided the research were: a) From the discussion of a clinical case, which conflicts are the basis of somatic manifestation? b) What defenses are mobilized or not for these conflicts? c) What are the implications of changes in family structure and how this affects relations with each parent? The analysis indicated that the identificatory conflicts were those at the base of the somatic manifestations, taken as hyperactivity. The maniac defenses were deployed against a potentiality of melancholy. Furthermore, Manoel was subjected to an environment psychic disturbing / O presente estudo consiste em investigar, sob o ponto de vista da Psicanálise, um caso de transtorno do déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH). Articulam-se a esse ponto de vista as pesquisas desenvolvidas por médicos e cientistas, como Barkley, Camargos Jr. e Hounie, Cypel, Rohde, Topoczewski, Ajuriaguerra, dentre outros, no sentido de investigar o contexto de aparecimento desse diagnóstico e dessa denominação, bem como a sua evolução na área da Medicina. Norteiam teoricamente este trabalho os estudos de Freud e Piera Aulagnier, dos quais se postula a constituição psíquica do sujeito pautada nos conflitos da primeira infância. Os conceitos basilares para a análise do caso foram os de transferência, conflitos identificatórios e defesa maníaca. A noção de potencialidade melancólica, desenvolvida por Violante, também foi importante para este estudo. O caso clínico investigado é o de uma criança de seis anos, diagnosticada como TDAH, do subtipo desatento. Manoel, como é chamada essa criança neste trabalho, foi encaminhada à análise pela escola, pois tinha dificuldades para ler e escrever, além de não conseguir se concentrar e atrapalhar os colegas em sala de aula. Esteve em atendimento em encontros semanais durante o período de um ano e meio, na maioria dos quais, sozinho. Foram entrevistados individualmente também a mãe (em três ocasiões distintas) e o pai (em uma única). As anotações da pesquisadora durante os encontros serviram de base para a constituição do caso e posterior análise. As perguntas de pesquisa que orientaram a investigação foram: a) A partir da discussão de um caso clínico, que conflitos estão na base dessa manifestação somática?; b) Que defesas são mobilizadas ou não por esses conflitos?; c) Quais são as implicações das mudanças na organização familiar e como isso repercute nas relações vinculares com cada um dos pais? A análise indicou que os conflitos identificatórios eram os que estavam na base da manifestação somática, tida como hiperatividade. As defesas maníacas foram mobilizadas contra uma possível potencialidade melancólica. Além disso, Manoel era uma criança submetida a um meio ambiente psíquico perturbador

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dayse Stoklos Malucelli.pdf: 490147 bytes, checksum: e54909447ccd979dfbd8ea0fb0e997ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / The scope of this study developed at the Núcleo de Psicanálise do Laboratório de Psicopatologia Fundamental da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (Psychoanalysis Center of the Psychopathology Laboratory at the Catholic University of São Paulo) is the review of a certain type of delirium, the negation delirium, also known as Syndrome of Cotard and it emphasizes the symptomatology that is present in most melancholies and schizophrenias. The references found in this field may lead to sinuous ways, because of its only slightly approached complexity. In order not to withdraw from the University compass, some aspects were trimmed according to the theory sustaining this process. There is a clinical case reported that is compatible to the Syndrome of Cotard - this name given in honor of the nineteen century French doctor Jules Cotard. From Cotard s reports on his patients at the Hôpital Salpêtrière, it is possible to approach the current events, once in spite of the latter numerous medications, the patients recovering and the outreaching of the disease are not yet achieved. The negation deliria have a history in Psychiatry, in particular the XIX century French history and include the work of Jules Cotard, his five short, dense and heavy clinical cases that are illustrative and punctual. This situation is repeated for his contemporary alienists of the same level, such as Seglas, Camuset, Régis, and Nina-Rodrigues. This work describes the main manifestations of the syndrome, such as micromania, macromania, no adherence body sphericity, the mirror stage and their peculiarities in Cotard. It also approaches the concept of hypochondria, a recurring manifestation and background to other superposed manifestations. The sadness observed in Cotard s melancholic individuals shows to be pertinent and significant the reports by Dante and father Antonio Vieira, for melancholia does not include nor mixes with sadness. Some of literature examples confirm Freud s thought on poets and writers, who know more about the soul s pains than psychoanalysts do. In this work, classical authors like Freud and Lacan and some of their successors are examined. Furthermore, the chronicity of this type of syndrome is analyzed that makes it possible to the clinical hearing in psychoanalysis, and overthrows the ideal of furor curandis, once the individual who is analyzed under Cotard will always say this is not the case. His denial, however, would allow another negation: the closure of the issue. As in other areas where the alternatives for the great evils in humanity are searched, a new horizon may leave a challenge with new points of view to be established by those who are interested in this difficult but instigating clinical issue / Esta tese, constituída no Núcleo de Psicanálise do Laboratório de Psicopatologia Fundamental da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, tem por objeto de pesquisa a retomada de um tipo de delírio, o de negações, também conhecido como Síndrome de Cotard, e destaca a sintomatologia presente na maioria das melancolias e esquizofrenias. Por sua complexidade, nesse vasto campo o qual apenas se roça de leve, as referências existentes podem levar a caminhos sinuosos. Para não se afastar da bússola da Universidade, recorta-se então alguns aspectos, segundo a teoria que sustenta este percurso. Relata-se um caso clínico compatível com a Síndrome de Cotard, assim nomeada em homenagem ao médico francês Jules Cotard, do século 19. Dos relatos de Cotard, acerca de seus pacientes no Hospital Salpetriére, faz-se uma aproximação com o que ainda ocorre, visto que apesar de tantos medicamentos de ponta, ainda não se alcança que logrem ultrapassar a doença e o doente. O delírio das negações tem uma história na Psiquiatria, especialmente a francesa do século 19, e inclui do trabalho de Jules Cotard seus cinco breves, densos e carregados casos clínicos ilustrativos e pontuais. Isto se repete nos alienistas contemporâneos do mesmo porte, como Seglas, Camuset, Régis, Nina-Rodrigues. Descreve-se as principais manifestações da síndrome como a micromania, macromania, a esferecidade sem aderências do seu corpo, a fase do espelho e suas peculiaridades em Cotard. Também se aborda o conceito de hipocondria, por ser manifestação recorrente e pano de fundo para outras manifestações que se superpõem. A tristeza que se observa no melancólico de Cotard faz pertinentes e significativas as observações de Dante, do padre Antonio Vieira, porque a melancolia não exclui nem se mistura à tristeza. Alguns exemplos da literatura confirmam o pensamento de Freud, de que os poetas e escritores sabem mais dos males da alma do que os psicanalistas. Neste trabalho, também se percorre autores clássicos até Freud e Lacan e alguns seus sucedâneos. Finalmente, tenta-se dizer da cronicidade deste tipo de síndrome e o que se coloca como possível na escuta clínica da psicanálise, e que derruba o ideal do furor curandis porque o tempo todo o cotardizado dirá que não é isto. Sua negação, porém, poderia ensejar uma outra negação: a de que o assunto esteja encerrado. Como ocorre em outras áreas, em que se buscam alternativas para os grandes males da humanidade, talvez reste como desafio um horizonte com novos pontos de vista a serem constituídos por parte dos que se interessam por esta difícil e, tanto quanto, instigante clínica

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvia Maria Barile Alessandri.pdf: 2847855 bytes, checksum: da4b449a9f951bfd9425b3db054e19b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-06-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This thesis is a study about the suicide by means of Sylvia Plath. This American writer perpetrated suicide at the age of 30, after 2 attempts: the first at the age of 20, when in the university and the second at the age of 29, already married and mother of two young children. Although her literary production is considered by many as autobiography, in this search I have used only the diaries, handwritten and letters edited by Karen Kukil in The Journals of Sylvia Plath 1950 - 1962. From these registers I make psychoanalytic considerations based on the Freud s theory and Lacan s teaches. The interest of this theme succeeded from the clinic activities. I verify, and this constitutes my thesis, that in the melancholy, when faced with I m nothing, I m no more than rubbish , stated by Lacan, succeed from the conviction of the inefficiency or non existence of the Other s love, easily can lead in to the suicide. In the melancholy, the subject, faced with the foreclosure of the Name-of-the- Father, may find an imaginary supplying. However, towards the Lacan s node theory, the supplying of the foreclosure of the Name-of-the-Father may take place towards Sinthome / Esta tese é um estudo acerca do suicídio, por meio de Sylvia Plath. Esta escritora norte-americana suicidou-se com trinta anos, após duas tentativas de suicídio: a primeira aos vinte anos, enquanto fazia faculdade, e a segunda, aos vinte e nove anos, já casada e com dois filhos pequenos. Embora sua obra literária seja considerada por muitos estudiosos como autobiográfica, utilizo nesta pesquisa apenas os diários, manuscritos e cartas que foram editados por Karen Kukil em Os diários de Sylvia Plath. 1950-1962. A partir destes registros realizo considerações psicanalíticas fundamentada na teoria freudiana e no ensino de Lacan. O interesse por este tema vem da clínica. Constato, e isto constitui minha tese, que na melancolia, quando diante do Nada sou, não sou mais que um lixo , formulado por Lacan, advém a certeza da ineficácia ou da inexistência do amor do Outro, facilmente pode haver a precipitação ao suicídio. Na melancolia, o sujeito, diante da foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai, pode encontrar uma suplência imaginária. Porém, com a teoria dos nós de Lacan, a suplência à foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai pode se dar via Sinthoma

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dulce1.pdf: 57318 bytes, checksum: 97212f62fbb0f4b43ccb5b1d3617ea8f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to verify the relationship between narcissism, melancholy and the ideology of the technological rationality by means of some mediator concepts, for instance cultural industry, mass phenomena, that tend to reproduce the social dominance in a number of instances of an individual s life in our present society. It is a theoretical research that attempts to conduct the reflection on the tensions that exist among individual, nature, society and culture, using mainly the analyses of Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse and Sigmund Freud. The main results accomplished were: 1. Melancholy is a form through which narcissism manifests itself; every melancholy has some marks of narcissism. On its turn, narcissism is present in melancholy, but not only in it, and the narcissistic - including the manipulator type -, melancholic, compulsive and sadomasochistic conformations have a certain relationship and are associated with the irrational defense of the technique. 2. Both in narcissism and in melancholy it is present the ego weaknessing and the psychic regression in face of the need of self-conservation in the contemporary society. 3. The individual identifies a lot with the current culture that benefits the narcissism, so that cruelty, indifference and unawareness are indications that the claustrophobia of the society and the social hibernation reflect in the individual. 4. No matter how much the individual\'s conscience is mediated by the society, the critical reason, as opposed to the formalized reason, functionalized and subjective, may serve as a defense against the inner and outer miseries. We hope that this thesis encourages the completion of further researches, in particular the ones of empiric character. / RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é verificar a relação entre o narcisismo, a melancolia e a ideologia da racionalidade tecnológica, por meio de alguns conceitos mediadores, tais como indústria cultural, fenômenos de massa, que tendem a reproduzir a dominação social, nas diversas instâncias da vida do indivíduo na sociedade atual. Trata-se de uma pesquisa teórica que procura orientar a reflexão sobre as tensões existentes entre indivíduo, natureza, sociedade e cultura, utilizando-se principalmente das análises de Theodor W. Adorno, Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse e Sigmund Freud. Os principais resultados obtidos foram: 1. A melancolia é uma forma de o narcisismo manifestar-se; toda melancolia tem marcas do narcisismo. Por seu lado, o narcisismo apresenta-se na melancolia, mas não somente nela, e as conformações narcisistas - incluindo o tipo manipulador -, melancólicas, compulsivas e sadomasoquistas guardam uma certa relação e estão associadas com a defesa irracional da técnica. 2. Tanto no narcisismo como na melancolia estão presentes o enfraquecimento do ego e a regressão psíquica diante da necessidade de autoconservação, na sociedade contemporânea. 3. O indivíduo está se identificando muito com a cultura atual que favorece o narcisismo, de modo que a crueldade, a indiferença e o alheamento indicam que a claustrofobia da sociedade e a hibernação social repercutem no indivíduo. 4. Por mais que a consciência do indivíduo seja mediada pela sociedade, a razão crítica, como contraposto à razão formalizada, funcionalizada e subjetiva, pode servir de defesa contra as misérias interior e exterior. Esperamos que esta tese estimule a realização de outras pesquisas, sobretudo, as de caráter empírico.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:21:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Wurzba Ioshimoto.pdf: 23831056 bytes, checksum: 6472c63b8fcf38f92ba1b90cfc696173 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research deals with religious melancholy and its symbolical expressions in the Hieronymus Bosch s pictorial work. Starting from Robert Burton s definition, it investigates the appropriateness of the concept of religious melancholy as a description of the paradox of human condition. Going all the way from the first definitions of the phenomenon, in the Hippocratic corpus or in philosophy, through its presence in medieval theology, until reaching as far as modern psychiatry, it claims, based on the categories of Carl Gustav Jung analytical psychology, that it can be best understood as a symbol expressing the soul s most typical process, a psychic state representative of the duality of human existence, rather than as mere pathology. Severed from its original ontological state of identify to become something a being in time and space, the soul must recognize itself as fragment of what is real rather than as an unreal whole; it must accept that it is a creature, not the creator. This process, going as it were beyond rational grasp (since it is representative of the relation of the I with the depths of the psyche), can only translate into images, from the sublime and incomprehensible to the perverse and grotesque. Fantastic images like the ones found in the figurative universe of Bosch s work, which, apart from its open satirical and pedagogical purpose, displays not the fear of death or man s lack of foundation, but the on-going tension between the I, the world and God the angst of living. The present work is, thus, a symbolic analysis of Hieronymus Bosch based on the many commentators of his ground-breaking body of work, on the theoretical views on melancholy developed throughought history and Jungian concepts, with the purpose of identifying religious melancholy in Bosch s labyrinthic landscapes as an essential feature of the human condition / Esta pesquisa aborda a melancolia religiosa e suas expressões simbólicas na obra pictórica de Hieronymus Bosch. A partir da definição de Robert Burton, investiga a pertinência do conceito de melancolia religiosa como descrição da paradoxal condição humana. Percorrendo desde suas primeiras definições, na medicina hipocrática ou na filosofia, passando pela teologia medieval, até a psiquiatria moderna, e apoiada nos aportes da psicologia analítica de Carl Gustav Jung, verifica que, para além de uma patologia, pode-se entendê-la como um símbolo que expressa o processo típico da alma, um estado psíquico que marca a dualidade da existência humana: separada de sua identidade ontológica, para se tornar realidade no tempo e no espaço, deve-se reconhecer como um fragmento real e não um todo irreal, deve aceitar que é criatura e não Criador. Tal processo, ultrapassando a compreensão racional, pois significa a relação do eu com as profundezas abissais da psique, só pode ser traduzido em imagens que vão desde o sublime e incompreensível até o perverso e grotesco. Imagens fantásticas como as encontradas na trama figurativa da obra bosquiana que, ademais de uma sátira ou predicação, revela não o medo da morte ou a falta de fundamento do homem, mas a permanente tensão eu-mundo-Deus, a angústia de viver. Este trabalho, assim, configura-se como uma análise simbólica das pinturas de Hieronymus Bosch, apoiado em seus comentadores, nas teorias sobre melancolia desenvolvidas ao longo da história e no referencial junguiano, com o objetivo de identificar, nas paisagens labirínticas bosquianas, a melancolia religiosa, característica essencial do humano

My project examines the pictorial and theoretical dimensions of the concept of melancholy as they were understood, expressed, and, most importantly, figured by Renaissance artists. By focusing on the figural pose traditionally associated with the melancholic state and humor, it presents a hitherto unexplored connection between Northern and Southern Europe, considering the different ways in which artists self-identified as melancholics and expressed this understanding in their art. In both Italy and the North, the basic figural structure is appropriated for somewhat different ends. The relationship of the isolated figure to its cultural context varies, either declaring a special creative status, responsive to a higher inspiration, or setting the figure apart as an outsider with special insight into the follies of this lower world. Chapter One serves as an introduction to the pose of melancholy, its historical weight and the visual meaning carried by the isolated, brooding figure, generally wth lowered head supported by a hand and often with legs crossed. This is the figure epitomized in Dürer's Melancolia I. Chapter Two considers Michelangelo as the exemplar of a melancholic and addresses the cultural and personal identification of him as such. The relevance of the melancholy pose to the identification of the artist in sixteenth-century Italy is demonstrated by Raphael's depiction of the melancholy Heraclitus in The School of Athens, which I accept as portrait of Michelangelo; articulated in his poetry, the artist's self-identification as melancholic is visually declared in his Last Judgment. Chapter Three addresses the works of Hieronymus Bosch, in whose art the figure of melancholy runs as something of a leitmotif, although it has remained generally unobserved; the figure serves as a running comment on the thematic concerns of the paintings--such as The Garden of Earthly Delights and Death and the Miser--at once participant and outsider. Chapter Four explores the role of melancholics in specific paintings by Bruegel, especially The Triumph of Death, and the relationship between melancholics and fools in the artist's oeuvre. Chapter Five has at its focus Titian's Flaying of Marsyas and the artist's self-inclusion in the guise of the melancholy Midas. As a conclusion, this chapter reflects on the personal significance of melancholy for Renaissance artists.

Análise e interpretação do conto \"Cara-de-Bronze\", escrito por João Guimarães Rosa. Esta obra sintetiza a idéia que o autor tem da poesia, marcada pela extensa tradição de escritos dedicados ao estudo de Saturno e da melancolia. O confronto dessa tradição, a partir da leitura que lhe deu Walter Benjamin, com o conto, descortina aspectos enigmáticos da narrativa, e revela elementos fundamentais da concepção de mundo do autor, importantes para a literatura, a critica literária e a filosofia da arte. / Analysis and interpretation of the short story \"Cara-de-Bronze\" (\"Bronze Face\"), written by João Guimarães Rosa. This work synthesizes the idea the author has towards poetry, remarked by the long tradition of writings dedicated to the study of Saturn and of melancholy. The confront of such tradition, based on the reading by Walter Benjamin, with the short story, unveils enigmatic aspects of the narrative, and reveals essential elements of the author\'s conception of the world, important for literature, literary criticism and the philosophy of art.

La conception du « roman total » proposé par Romain Gary met fin au « chef d’œuvre ». Traversant « le siècle des ténèbres », Romain Gary trouve une part de responsabilité de l’art et de l’artiste dans l’impuissance de la culture face à l’horreur existante. Pourtant, bien qu’il mette l’accent sur la fonction sociale de l’art, Romain Gary n’adhère pas à l’art engagé, ni au roman réaliste ou au Nouveau roman. Il ne cherche pas à imposer ses idées au lecteur, mais veut lui ouvrir un espace de liberté. L’art doit être une jouissance pour qu’il finisse par devenir une force éthique. Il amène une prise de conscience de ce qui manque à la réalité. L’esthétique garyenne consiste à rendre au lecteur son autonomie de pensée. Nombre de ses personnages incarnent la figure de l’artiste sous différentes formes provocatrices : picaro, dandy, clown, etc. Pour Romain Gary, créer, c’est jouir et la jouissance est une révolte métaphysique contre la condition de la vie et contre la souffrance. Les artistes dans ses romans figurent bien ceux qui mènent cette lutte. Transgresseurs des valeurs et des ordres établis, les artistes chez l’auteur tiennent à se libérer de la réalité. Cette libération s’effectue d’une part à travers la création d’un monde imaginaire, d’autre part à travers le dépassement de soi ou la création de soi. Transformant leur vie comme une œuvre de leur imagination, les artistes garyens témoignent d’une identité multiple et en « devenir ». / Néant

My thesis is a critical essay thematically focused on the fate of the body in the postmodern condition. In this thesis a fundamental question is posed: What happens to the (postmodern) body under the double pressure of postmodern technology and culture? Is the postmodern body altered under the pressure of postmodern technology and culture? How contemporary thought and architecture impact the body will also be examined. This thesis discusses the above questions through several key concepts such as exilic conditions, heterotopias and ‘trans’ states of being. After elaborating on these issues, this thesis attempts to design an architectural project “Hamam Complex” on a unique natural island in the Bosporus strait that separates the Western and Eastern worlds.