Title: The BanalFatal program in spinal cord injury prevention Objectives: The main objective of this diploma thesis is to examine the subjective impressions of participants after the completion of this program (lesson) so that it is possible to assess the emotional impact of the program and its impact on the further behavior of children. Methods: A quantitative strategy was used for the research part of the thesis. For the purposes of the research, two original questionnaires were created. 6 primary schools were contacted, in which the BanalFatal program previously took place. The questionnaire, aimed at school prevention methodologists, was filled in by all addressed school staff, but only in 4 school facilities, it was possible to interview school pupils. Thus, 6 school prevention methodologists and 164 pupils from 4 selected primary schools (Prague 11, 4, Litoměřice, Dačice) were interviewed. The questionnaire for prevention methodologists contains closed, semi-closed, and open questions. The questionnaire for pupils was created in the form of a survey and contained only closed questions. Results: All school methodologists presume that attending the BanalFatal lecture will have a certain effect on students' change in behavior during risky activities. "Certainly yes" was stated by 1 and "rather...

The topic of this diploma thesis is the qualification and personality profile of the job title - methodology specialist in the social services in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part of this work describes the quality of social services because their setting, evaluation and management are in the spotlight during last few decades. This work deals with the law on social services and with social services quality standards which are the benchmark of quality for these services. The job title methodology specialist in social services is described in detail in the chapter describing social services workers. Conclusion of the theoretical part of this work highlights the importance of human resources for the organization and the importance of the job title description. The practical part of this work is aimed on mapping of competency and personality profile of the job title of current methodology specialists in social services. There are used qualitative research methods specifically semi structured interviews with employees who work in this position. The analysis of gained information gives answers to research questions and creates a picture of competency and personal profile of methodology specialist in the social services field. Key words: Quality, social services, methodology specialist, quality...

Background: School prevention programs of risky behavior should be an important part of the education of children and adolescents. The programs are implemented by each school individually according to the elaborated Minimum Preventive Program (MPP) and their mediation and implementation is supervised by the school prevention methodologist (ŠMP). Within the Prague 6 City District, there is close cooperation between ŠMP, the prevention methodologist from the pedagogical- psychological counseling center and the drug coordinator. The aim of this cooperation is to ensure quality of prevention in local schools and in the wider community of the municipality. Objectives: The aim of the study is to map the process of implementation of programs of general school primary prevention of risky behavior in primary schools in the administrative district of Prague 6 in terms of performance of the function of the ŠMP, elaboration of MPP and implementation of preventive programs. Methods: A mixed-method design was used, combining a questionnaire study with ŠMP from the district of Prague 6 with a group discussion with six respondents who participated in the questionnaire study. The questions in the questionnaire are based on questions in the SEPA preventive activity reporting system and on the questionnaire used in...

I denna studie undersöker jag hur rytmläsning och rytmnotation gestaltar sig för instrumentlärare. För att nå studiens syfte gjordes kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare i olika instrument: två pianolärare, två gitarrlärare, en blåsinstrumentlärare och en slagverkslärare. Resultatet visar att instrumentlärarna använder kroppen, rösten och rytmkort som hjälpmedel för att träna på rytmläsning med nybörjarelever. När det handlar om elever på en mer avancerad nivå utrycker lärarna att rytmerna lärs ut på gehör. Nedskrivning av rytm var inte något som lärarna lade stor vikt på i. I diskussionen analyseras resultatet ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där informanternas svar och val av metoder diskuteras i förhållande till ålder, instrument och sammanhang de undervisar i.

In surgery, suturing is the use of needle and thread to join cut and/or damaged anatomical structures together. This repair strategy is highly versatile and is universal for all types of surgery as the goal is to restore, repair or improve function and/or appearance. The needles are almost always curved in shape, and it is handled and maneuvered by surgeons with a special tool called: needle driver. The versatility of this setup has proven its worth over time as needle drivers are one of the indispensable instruments in all types of surgery. We are entering a future where robots can be programmed to execute tasks with much higher level of precision and speed compared to humans. Medical robotics in surgery has gained ground over the past decades due to promising clinical results. A straightforward step in this direction would be to create a solution that enables the robot to grip needle driver. The purpose of this study was to develop a gripper tool that enables a collaborative robot to perform suturing with one of the most common types of needle drivers used in surgery. The Double Diamond design framework was employed. The selected content in the predefined four phases were: 1) Discover: Observation, MoSCoW Prioritization, Brainstorming, Choosing a Sample, Fast Visualisation, 2) Define: Assessment criteria, 3) Develop: Physical prototyping 4) Deliver: Final testing and Evaluation. In the first phase, Discover, clinical and technical demands were formulated. In the second phase, Define, numerous design ideas were generated and drafted on paper whereof the one with highest assessment score was chosen for physical prototyping. In phase three, Develop, the selected design idea was modelled in cardboard, clay and silicon, and 3D printed. Multiple design iterations were guided by feedback from clinical and technical experts and resulted in a final prototype design that was accepted by the experts. In phase four, Deliver, the final prototype was subjected to final testing and evaluation. Observation of five live and one video recording of surgical procedures on real patients were made. The insights gained were confirmed with the lead and co-surgeons of each procedure and were summarized in 24 clinically important observations relevant for the gripper tool design. Careful analysis of the previously designed gripper tool, live observation of the robot’s motion pattern and range, and interview with robotic engineer were summarized in ten technically important observations. The observations were then used to formulate the clinical and technical demands that the gripper tool design aims to fulfill, followed by prioritizing the demands and design features according by MoSCoW method and brainstorming on how to improve previous gripper tool design. To limit the scope of the design challenge, one of the five types of needle drivers used in pediatric heart surgery in Lund was selected in the method Choosing a Sample. To further characterize the clinical and technical demands, a test bench was set up to Define and measure force vectors applied on the needle driver when held by a surgeon during suturing. The radial forces vectors in six directions perpendicular to the tip of the needle driver ranged from 1.6 N to 3.8 N. The axial force along the length of the needle driver was 7.6 N towards the tip and 8.4 N towards the back end. The clockwise and counterclockwise torque along the length axis of the needle driver was 0.2 Nm and 0.18 Nm, respectively. The set of defined demands were sufficient to sketch numerous ideas of gripper tool designs according to the Fast Visualization method. These designs were then used in the Define phase to communicate the design ideas with surgeons, robotic and product development engineers. The most promising idea was advanced to the Develop phase where physical prototypes were produced in cardboard, clay and silicon and 3D printed. Inadequacies were found during design feedback with interviews and testing together with clinical and technical experts, and design actions were taken to arrive at the final prototype. The final prototype was brought into the Deliver phase for final testing and evaluation. The gripper tool could handle lager force loads than the human surgeon in all the stability tests. However, deflection of the needle driver occurred with the gripper tool unlike when the surgeon was subject to stability testing. One pediatric heart surgeon and one robotic engineer was asked to generate a composite score of fulfillment rate from 1–5, where 1 is bad, 3 satisfactory, and 5 excellent after final testing of the gripper tool was carried out. The final prototype of the gripper tool fulfills all clinical and technical demands at the level of 4, and 3–5, respectively. In conclusion, the design methodology used in this study was useful in the development of a gripper tool design that respects both clinical and technical demands. This suggest that the methodology may be used in similar setting of design challenges in the field between medical and technical innovation. The gripper tool fulfilled the demands, although further refinement in the choice of material, further testing and investigation of regulatory aspects are required before it can be implemented in the operating room. / Vid operation är suturering användningen av nål och tråd för att sammanfoga snittad och/eller skadade anatomiska strukturer. Denna reparationsstrategi är mycket mångsidig och universell för alla typer av kirurgi eftersom målet är att återställa reparera eller förbättra funktion och/eller anatomisk defekt. Nålarna är nästan alltid krökta i sin form och de hanteras och manövreras av kirurgerna med ett speciellt verktyg som kallas: nålförare. Mångsidigheten i denna uppställning har visat sig över tid eftersom nålförare är ett av de oumbärliga instrumenten vid alla typer av operationer. Vi går in i en framtid där robotar kan programmeras för att utföra uppgifter med mycket högre precision och hastighet jämfört med människor. Medicinska robotar inom kirurgi har varit på frammarsch senaste årtionden på grund av goda kliniska resultat. Ett steg i denna riktning skulle vara att skapa en lösning som gör det möjligt för en robot att greppa nålföraren. Syftet med denna studie var att utveckla ett gripdon som möjliggör för en kollaborativ robot att utföra suturering med hjälp av en av de vanligaste typerna av nålförare som används vid operation. Design metodiken Double Diamond användes för att beskriva design processensen. Det valda metoderna i de fyra för definierade faser var: 1) Discover: Observation, MoSCoW Prioritization, Brainstorming, Choosing a Sample, Fast Vissualization, 2) Define: Assessment criteria, 3) Develop: Physical Prototyping, 4) Deliver: Final testing and Evaluation. I första fasen, Discover, formulerades kliniska och tekniska krav. I den andra fasen, Define, definierades flera designidéer som skissades på papper, varav den med den högsta poängen valdes i Assessment criteria. I fas tre, Develop, modellerades den valda designidén i kartong, lera och silikon samt 3D-printades. Flera designiterationer gjordes baserat på feedback från kliniska och tekniska experter vilket resulterade i en slutlig prototypdesign som godkändes av experterna. I fas fyra, Deliver, testades och utvärderades den slutliga prototypen. Observation av fem realtids och en videoinspelning av kirurgiska ingrepp på riktiga patienter gjordes. Insikterna som gjordes bekräftades med kirurgerna som genomförde operationen och sammanfattades i 24 kliniskt viktiga observationer som var relevanta för gripdon designen. Noggrann realtids observation av robotens rörelsemönster samt analys av det tidigare utformade gripdonen och intervju med en robotingenjör sammanfattades i tio tekniskt viktiga observationer. Observationerna användes för att formulera kliniska och tekniska krav som gripdons designen strävar efter att uppfylla, följt av prioritering av kraven och designegenskaper enligt MoSCoW-metoden och brainstorming kring hur tidigare gripdons design kan förbättras. För att begränsa designutmaningens omfattning valdes en av de fem typer av nålförare som används vid barnhjärtkirurgi i Lund genom metoden Chossing a sample. För att ytterligare karakterisera de kliniska och tekniska kraven upprättades en testbänk för att definiera och mäta kraftvektorer som appliceras på nålföraren när den hålls av en kirurg under suturering. De radiella krafterna i sex riktningar vinkelrätt mot nålförarens spets varierade från 1,6 N till 3,8 N. Den axiella kraften längs nålförarens längd var 7,6 N mot spetsen och 8,4 N mot bakänden. Medurs och moturs vridmoment längs nålförarens längdaxel var 0,2 Nm respektive 0,18 Nm. Dom definierade kraven låg till grund för skisser av flertal gripdondesign idéer enligt Fast Visualization. Dessa skisser användes sedan i Define fasen för att kommunicera designidéer med kirurger samt robot- och produktutvecklingsingenjörer. Den mest lovande idén togs till Develop fasen där fysiska prototyper togs fram i kartong, lera och silikon samt genom 3D-printning. Förbättringspunkter hittades under testning och återkoppling med intervjuer tillsammans med kliniska och tekniska experter. Designåtgärder baserat på återkopplingen gjordes för att komma fram till den slutliga prototypen. Slutlig testning och utvärdering av den slutliga prototypen genomfördes i Deliver fasen. Gripdons designen kunde hantera större belastningar än den mänskliga kirurgen i alla stabilitetstester. Böjning av nålföraren uppstod dock i testerna med gripverktyget till skillnad från testerna med kirurgen var föremål för stabilitetsprovning. En barnhjärtkirurg och en robotingenjör poängsatte uppfyllnadsgrad av de kliniska respektive tekniska kraven efter att slutlig testning av gripdonet utförts. Uppfyllnadsgraden poängsattes från 1–5 där 1 var dålig, 3 tillfredsställande och 5 utmärkt. Gripdonets slutliga prototyp uppfyller alla kliniska och tekniska krav på nivå 4 respektive 3–5. Designmetodiken som användes i denna studie var användbar för utvecklingen av gripdon som uppfyller både de kliniska och tekniska kraven. Detta tyder på att denna metod kan användas i liknande designutmaningar inom området mellan medicinsk och teknisk innovation. Gripdonet uppfyllde kraven även om ytterligare förfining i materialvalet, ytterligare testning och undersökning av regulatoriska aspekter krävs innan den kan användas under riktiga operationer i operationssalen.

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of eating disorders in the school environment. The aim is to find out what preventive activities are implemented in this area at selected primary schools in Prague 8. The thesis introduces the reader to the issue of risky behavior, the work of prevention methodist, including the creation of the minimal prevention program and prevention itself. These chapters summarize the basic aspects of the professional work of prevention methodists and their multidisciplinary focus. The theoretical part of the work also includes an overview of the most common eating disorders, including possible circumstances of their origin, consequences, methods of treatment and cooperating subjects. The key part of the work is a chapter dealing with real research in a selected sample of a team of school prevention methodists. To obtain information, the method of anonymous questionnaire survey was chosen, the results of which showed the types of preventive activities implemented as well as the methods of their implementation. The questionnaire also found out the general awareness of prevention methodists on the issue of eating disorders. The results of the questionnaire survey are evaluated with respect to the theoretical part of the work. The survey showed that preventive activities in...

Univerzita Karlova Pedagogická fakulta Katedra psychologie Příloha k diplomové práci Návrh metodiky na zlepšení emočního well-beingu u dospívajících dívek s výchovnými problémy Bc. Adéla Rambousková Vedoucí práce: PhDr. Pavla Presslerová, Ph.D. Studijní program: Učitelství pro střední školy (N7504) Studijní obor: N PG-VV (7504T223, 7504T228) ABSTRACT The diploma thesis focuses on the topic of work with emotional well-being of girls with behavioral disorders in the diagnostic institute. The aim was to create three comprehensive methodological lessons, which are aimed at improving the emotional stability of adolescent girls in institutional care. The aspiration was to compile such lessons that respond in terms of content to the current needs of the current clientele of the diagnostic institute and at the same time bring effective results with their structure and nature of activities. Over the course of two years, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the girls, which provided data on which the lesson is thematically based. In combination with theoretical knowledge from the study of developmental psychology, social and special pedagogy, three prototypes of methodological lessons were created, tested in practice, reflected by combination of several feedback methods, redesigned, tested, reflected by the...

Barn- och ungdomspsykiatrin (BUP) och Barn- och ungdomshabiliteringen (HAB) är två specialistvårdsenheter i Sverige som båda ger vård till barn med autismspektrumtillstånd (AST). De nämnda vårdenheterna har skilda målgrupper och uppdrag vilket skulle kunna leda till varierande vårdkvalitet för barn med AST utifrån vårdenhet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur föräldrar till barn med AST definierar och upplever vårdkvaliteten inom vårdenheterna BUP och HAB samt att synliggöra eventuella likheter och skillnader mellan enheterna. Totalt 12 kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Som teoretiskt ramverk användes Donabedians modell för att mäta vårdkvalitet utifrån struktur, process och utfall. Föräldrarna i studien beskrev vårdens kvalitet utifrån Donabedians tre kvalitetsmått.  Studien identifierade tre viktiga processfaktorer av vikt för vårdkvalitet: Kontinuitet, bemötande och tillgänglighet. Föräldrarna beskrev stora brister inom de tre processkategorierna, som de upplevde bero på strukturella faktorer inom hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationen. Föräldrars egna förmågor upplevdes vara av stor vikt för den givna vårdens kvalitet. Skillnader i vårdkvalitet mellan BUP och HAB beskrevs gällande bemötande och tillgänglighet till insatser. Studiens resultat kan användas i förbättringsarbeten inom vården för barn med AST.

The present study shows how students, eleven years old, solve problems in mathematics when they work together in groups. The main question raised is about the difficulties students experience in finding the relationship between mathematics and everyday discourse and vice versa. Two empirical studies about students' problemsolving in mathematics divided into three different articles are presented in this study. One is about how students discuss, while they are trying to solve what the area of the triangle is. The other study is about how different solutions in problemsolving have various meanings. The main finding ofthis work concems communication. Depending on the social contexts, different kinds oflanguages are developed in. When children are in their everyday contexts, they use one kind oflanguage, that is they use everyday concepts. In school, children have to leam the language ofmathematics. Leaming mathematics is about getting students to use the language of mathematics to mediate events and phenomens in the world around. One can describe learning as assimilating communicative and technical tools. Which are used as mediating tools in social practices. Another main finding of this study is to show how a teacher can get students attentive to how to change between different types of discourse and how to use special conc~pts for a special context. The most important aspect is that a teacher has pedagogical conversations with students on how to move between different communicative contexts. Often, students have difficulties in understanding in which communicative context they are involved.

The aim of this study is to describe the day care center as an educational envirorunent, focusing the interaction between caregiver and child. The theoretical frame of reference is Bronfenbrenner's ecological mode! of human development. The day care center is considered as a "microsystem" where the children develop by interacting with the adults in terms of what the children and adults do together, how they do it and the role they take. It is a qualitative study. The author has spent two weeks in each of the four day care centers. The data have been collected by interviews, videorecordings and observations and are presented as "pictures". The thesis states that thi:? interaction between caregiver and child can be looked upon as "meetings". However, the adult and the child do not always meet. They may meet in a physical sense but that does not guarantee that they also meet in a psychological sense. Those caregivers who tend to "meet" the children are contingent, openminded and active. They respect the children, see them and confirm them with a permissible attitude. The possibilities to meet are finally regarded in relation to the physical setting, established norms, the personality of those who interact and the caregiver's "pedagogical attitude".