In a society where everything must be within the vicinity and accessible, people face challenges like climate, segregation and inequality. All people have the right to services such as education, care, work and housing without being prevented by unsustainable urban planning. Sustainable urban planning can define several things, but something all definitions have in common is that they use strategic plans. One such well spoken about is the "15 minute city" which was introduced in 2016 by the urbanist and professor Carlos Moreno. The concept is about an accessible city, in terms of services, education, care, work and more, for residents within a 15 minute walk or bike ride. Attempts to apply the 15 minute city can be seen in several cities around the world and partially in Stockholm, Sweden. An example is in Södertälje, a suburb in Stockholm county, which is characterized by the car centric city. The swedish policy “ Trafik för en attraktiv stad” (TRAST) helps sektion with urban planning and sustainability with focus on traffic. Because of these guidelines and Södertäljes oversight plan over their whole urban area it would be of interest to investigate how well the 15 minute city can be applied in Södertälje and its relation to the district of Ronna. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential Södertälje has in becoming a 15 minute city, in regards to the swedish policy document TRAST. In addition, studying whether the strategic plan can complement Södertälje's oversight plan of the entire city. The method that was applied consisted of literature study and case study where literature was gathered, for example, via search engines like Web of Science and Diva Portal. The case study consisted of two site visits, one earlier and one later in the day. The result and the analysis indicate that several aspects in Södertäljes oversight planning of their area and TRAST match that of the 15 minute city. Introducing this type of planning in the city requires, for example, that several barriers or the carsdomination in the urban area be remedied or reduced, which can provide opportunities for pedestrians and cyclists. The conclusions drawn from the results are that the introduction of the 15-minute city concept in the urban area, Södertälje, is possible. At last at recommendation to continuation of the study is a case study would consist of a city that has recently applied the 15 minute city and compare the effects of this more concretely. / I ett samhälle där allting ska vara nära och tillgängligt möts människor av utmaningar om klimatet, segregation och ojämlikhet. Alla människor har rätten till funktioner som utbildning, vård, arbete och boende utan att förhindras av en dålig samhällsplanering. Hållbar samhällsplanering kan innebära flera saker men något alla definitioner har gemensamt är att de tillämpar planstrategier. En sådan är “15 minutersstaden” som introducerades år 2016 av urbanisten och professorn Carlos Moreno. Idén handlar om en tillgänglig stad, vad gäller just funktionerna, utbildning, vård, arbete och mer, för invånarna inom en kvarts promenad eller cykeltur. Försök att tillämpa 15 minutersstaden finns i flera städer runtom i världen och i Sverige kan man hitta det delvis i Stockholm. Ett exempel är i Södertälje tätort, i Stockholms län, som präglas av bilsamhället. Policyn “Trafik för en attraktiv stad” (TRAST), hjälper sektorer inom samhällsplaneringen att samarbeta för ett hållbart planerande med fokus på trafiken. med hjälp av dess riktlinjer och översiktsplanen i Södertälje skulle vara av intresse att undersöka hur väl 15 minutersstaden går att applicera, och detta i förhållande till en av dess stadsdelar Ronna.  Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka potentialen Södertälje har i att bli en 15 minutersstad med hänsyn till policyn TRAST. Dessutom studerades likheter och skillnader mellan Södertäljes översiktsplan och 15 minutersstaden vad gäller planeringen. Metoden som tillämpades var kvalitativ och bestod av en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie. Fallstudien omfattade två platsbesök i stadsdelen Ronna, en tidigare och en senare på dygnet.  Resultatet och analysen tyder på att flera aspekter i översiktsplanen och TRAST:en stämmer överens med 15 minutersstaden. Det går dessutom att införa denna planeringstyp i Södertälje men kräver dock till exempel att flera barriärer åtgärdas, såväl bildominansen i tätorten. Detta för att ge möjlighet åt gående och cyklister att röra sig i staden. Slutsatserna som dras utifrån resultaten är att införandet av konceptet 15 minutersstaden i tätorten Södertälje är möjlig. Som en sista slutsats i arbetet finns framtid forskning vilket berör att studera en stad som nyligen applicerat 15 minutersstaden och jämföra effekterna av detta mer konkret.

The 15-minute city is an ideal that has taken hold in many places around the world. The new urban planning concept is increasingly being discussed and implemented. Rome is one of the cities where the concept has gained a strong foothold. In spring 2023, an urban development project called 15 municipalities, 15 projects for the city in 15 minutes was launched in Rome. The project aims to decentralize the city centre to even out the unevenly distributed resources in the city to reduce car use. The concept aims to create self-sufficient neighborhoods where residents' destinations can be reached within short walking and cycling distances. Our bachelor thesis examines the implementation of the 15-minute city in the Villaggio Olimpico district of Rome. The aim of the work is to examine the strategies used by officials to promote the values referred to in the concept and the challenges faced by the Villaggio Olimpico urban development project. The area's modernist and dysfunctional built environment will be transformed in order to enhance and ensure the quality of life of its citizens. The project includes measures to promote transport efficiency and the activation of dilapidated public activity spaces to bring more life and activity to the area. For the implementation of the study, empirical data has been collected through document, interview and field studies. The theoretical framework consists of urban critic Jane Jacobs, urban planning icon Jan Gehl, architect Robert Lavelid and urban planning researcher Moa Tunström and their theories on what is required for successful planning for sustainable cities. The results of the study show that the concept is used as a strategic tool to counteract the car and the transport habits of the population to promote walking, cycling and public transport. Villaggio Olimpico plans to apply the values of the 15-minute city by activating and restoring degraded green and public spaces to create an attractive urban environment, as well as infrastructure investments that promote green transport choices.

Quality chest compressions during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) are vital to maintaining adequate perfusion of oxygenated blood to the organs of the body to sustain life. Over the years, the compression rate recommended in Basic Life Support (BLS)/ Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols for the best possible outcome has risen, and with that increase there are questions regarding rescuer fatigue and the effectiveness of compressions. Layperson and professional rescuers, answering to an emergency, both maintain continuous chest compressions until advanced life support arrives. Depending on the location, this arrival time would most likely be longer than the two minute standard time given to rotate rescuers before fatigue compromises performance. The objective of this research was to investigate the level of rescuer fatigue associated with continuous compressions, varying compression rates, physical fitness, gender, and among layperson versus professional rescuers. Sixty-one participants performed uninterrupted chest compressions on a manikin for 15 minutes. Before performing compressions, physical fitness was evaluated using a YMCA bench press for an assessment of upper body strength/endurance and a 3-minute step test to evaluate aerobic fitness. Subjects performed two trials at compression rates of greater or equal to 80 and greater or equal to 100 per minute with a 5-minute rest between trials. Male professional rescuers had a greater strength/endurance, and thus were able to perform compressions for a longer period of time compared to their female counterparts. Compression duration and the YMCA Bench Press test score were significantly correlated (p = .0135). Cardiocerebral Resuscitation providers should maintain an adequate upper body strength, particularly if they may be required to perform continuous chest compressions at high rates for more than a few minutes.

Aim: The aim of this thesis "Examination of vegetative system in hereditary neuropathy" is to consider the level of physical fitness, physical actvity level and quality of autonomic function in patients with hereditary neuropathy Charcot Marie Tooth and an assessment of interactions of these parameters, especially with regard to possible influence by the presence of autonomic neuropathy and with regard to neurological symptoms. Background: Although vegetative neuropathy was mentioned in the first publication about CMT, it is not widely discussed topic as part of it. Methods: Seventeen probands underwent spiroergometry, heart rate variability test, six minute walk test, rating by the CMT Neuropathy Score and Overall neuropathy disability scale and completing the IPAQ questionnaire. Results: We found symptoms of autonomic neuropathy in group of patients with CMT, especially high-frequency part of heart rate variability spectrum has a particularly significant decrease. Patients with autonomic neuropathy have shown a low fitness and functional capacity, tendency to obesity and hypertension. The observed correlation of autonomic neuropathy and neurological impairment was very weak. Conclusions: We find a neuropathy of the autonomic nervous system in patiens with hereditary motor and sensitive neuropathy...

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The perspectives of unique suffragists and clubwomen in Indiana, like Grace Julian Clarke, reflect the typically overlooked narrative of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Far from a bystander, Clarke engaged in political wars at the state level long before having the right to vote. She demonstrated this ability early on when she acted as a campaign manager during the 1915 Indiana Federation of Clubs presidential election. By its end, club women around the state knew who Clarke was, trusted her word, and looked to her for critical information. As World War I encroached and threatened the nationwide fight for suffrage, Clarke again remained loyal to suffrage by using war-related activities to promote and expand awareness of women’s work and abilities in Indiana. Clarke strategically used these activities as a tool to advocate for enfranchisement by pressing leaders on her belief that women had earned their rightful place as equal partners. Although she stayed active in the suffrage movement throughout the war, it became clear toward its end that her assets as a political leader were demanded at a higher level. As such, she turned her attention toward international affairs (particularly the League of Nations) and away from suffrage. Though the United States never joined the League of Nations, Clarke’s advocacy of the covenant was critical in her formation as a true political influencer. By the time the covenant was being disputed at the national level, Clarke was corresponding with national leaders to coordinate speaking events around the state. She became more exclusive in these speaking engagements, as there were very few women who actually understood the covenant well enough to speak on its behalf. Clarke was unique in her ability to speak out for her own values, in large part due to the influence of her father, former Congressman George W. Julian. Her story demonstrates that women’s political influence did not begin nor end with the 19th amendment. Rather, women’s political influence evolved over time, and is still evolving today.

Industria textil; Lean Manufacturing; producto no conforme; Value Stream Mapping; Single Minute Exchange of Die; Total Quality Management; Just in Time. / Esta investigación aborda la aplicación de la metodología Lean Manufacturing en una empresa textil de la industria peruana. El objetivo es reducir el producto no conforme en la línea de fabricación de pantalones. En primer lugar, se recopiló toda la información sobre el área de producción y la calidad de la empresa en estudio. Con el uso de herramientas de calidad se realiza el diagnóstico de la situación actual de la línea de pantalones identificando los defectos más significativos, sumando un total de 19,43% en 2018. Al consolidar los defectos, se observa que las principales causas se han homogeneizado como un proceso de costura no estandarizado, errores de control de calidad, proceso de corte no estandarizado y mala planificación de la producción. La aplicación de VSM y SMED logrará la correcta estandarización de la producción de pantalones Demin, TQM logrará el adecuado control de gestión de calidad del proceso productivo y JIT para una óptima planificación de la producción. / This research undertakes the application of the Lean Manufacturing methodology in a textile company in the Peruvian industry. The objective is to reduce the non-conforming product in the pants manufacturing line. First, all information on the production area and quality of the company under study was collected. With the use of quality tools the diagnosis of the current situation of the pants line is made identifying the most significant defects, adding a total of 19.43% in 2018. When consolidating the defects, it is observed that the main causes have been homogenized as a non-standardized sewing process, quality control errors, non-standardized cutting process and poor production planning. The application of VSM and SMED will achieve the correct standardization of Demin pants production, TQM will achieve the appropriate quality management control of the production process and JIT for optimal production planning. / Trabajo de investigación

Les infections virales des voies respiratoires (IVVRs) causées par certains virus comme la grippe et le COVID-19 ont un impact significatif sur la santé publique et l’économie mondiale. Ces infections touchent un nombre important de personnes dans le monde et exercent une pression immense sur les systèmes de santé. Pour atténuer les effets néfastes des IVVRs, il est important de développer des techniques de détection précoce capables d’identifier les personnes infectées même si elles ne présentent aucun symptôme. Une telle détection permet un isolement et raitement rapide, ce qui réduit le risque de transmission et permet des interventions de santé publique ciblées pour limiter la propagation de l’infection. Les méthodes de détection actuelles telles que la réaction en chaîne par polymérase (RCP) démontrent une sensibilité et une spécificité élevées, atteignant des taux de détection de 100% avec certaines méthodes de test disponibles dans le marché. De plus, les approches actuelles d’apprentissage automatique pour la détection des IVVRs, montrent des résultats prometteurs ; cependant, les méthodes actuelles reposent souvent sur l’apparition des symptômes, exigent un équipement coûteux et un personnel formé, et fournissent des résultats relativement retardés. Notre projet vise à étudier la faisabilité de l’utilisation d’un algorithme d’apprentissage automatique entraîné sur des données physiologiques provenant de biocapteurs portables lors d’un protocole de test de marche sur escalier pour prédire le niveau d’inflammation associé aux IVVRs. De plus, l’étude vise à identifier les indicateurs les plus prédictifs des IVVRs. Des participants en bonne santé ont été recrutés et inoculés avec un vaccin antigrippal vivant pour induire une réponse immunitaire. Au cours d’une série de tests d’escalier contrôlés cliniquement, des physiomarqueurs tels que la fréquence respiratoire et la fréquence cardiaque ont été meusurés à l’aide de biocapteurs portables. Les données collectées ont été utilisées pour développer un modèle de prédiction en ayant recours aux algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique, combinés avec un réglage d’hyperparamètres et en écartant un participant à la fois lors de l’entraînement du modèle. L’étude a développé avec succès un modèle prédictif qui démontre des résultats prometteurs dans la prédiction du niveau d’inflammation lié au vaccin induit. Notamment, les caractéristiques de variabilité de la fréquence cardiaque (VFC) dérivées du biocapteur portable présentaient le potentiel le plus élevé pour détecter le niveau d’inflammation, atteignant une sensibilité de 70% et une spécificité de 77%. Les implications du modèle de prédiction développé sont importantes pour les cliniciens et le grand public, notamment en termes d’autosurveillance et d’intervention précoce. Grâce aux algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique et des physiomarqueurs utilisés, en particulier les caractéristiques de VFC, cette approche a le potentiel de faciliter l’administration en temps opportun des traitements appropriés, atténuant ainsi l’impact des futures épidémies des IVVRs. L’intégration de biocapteurs portables et d’algorithmes d’apprentissage automatique fournit une stratégie innovante et efficace de détection précoce, permettant une intervention rapide et réduisant la charge sur les systèmes de santé / Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) caused by certain viruses like influenza and COVID-19, significantly impact public health and the global economy. These infections affect a large number of people worldwide and put immense pressure on healthcare systems. To mitigate the detrimental effects of VRTIs, it is crucial to urgently develop accurate early detection techniques that can identify infected individuals even if they do not exhibit any symptoms. Timely detection allows for prompt isolation and treatment, reducing the risk of transmission and enabling targeted public health interventions to limit the spread of the infection. Current detection methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrate high sensitivity and specificity, reaching 100% detection rates with some commercially available testing methods. Additionally, current machine learning approaches for automatic detection show promising results; however, current methods often rely on symptom onset, demand expensive equipment and trained personnel, and provide delayed results. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a machine learning algorithm trained on physiological data from wearable biosensors during a stair stepping task protocol to predict the level of inflammation associated with VRTIs. Additionally, the study aims to identify the most predictive indicators of VRTIs. Healthy participants were recruited and inoculated with a live influenza vaccine to induce an immune response. During a series of clinically controlled stair tests, physiomarkers such as breathing rate and heart rate were monitored using wearable biosensors. The collected data were employed to develop a prediction model through the utilization of gradient boosting machine learning algorithms, which were combined with hyperparameter tuning and a leave-one-subject-out approach for training. The study successfully developed a predictive model that demonstrates promising results in predicting the level of inflammation related to the induced VRTI. Notably, heart rate variability (HRV) features derived from the wearable biosensor exhibited the highest potential in detecting the level of inflammation, achieving a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 77%. The implications of the developed prediction model are significant for clinicians and the general public, particularly in terms of self-monitoring and early intervention. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and physiomarkers, specifically HRV features, this approach holds the potential to facilitate the timely administration of appropriate treatments, thereby mitigating the impact of future VRTI outbreaks. The integration of wearable biosensors and machine learning algorithms provides an innovative and effective strategy for early detection, enabling prompt intervention and reducing the burden on healthcare system

This master´s thesis describes the production process in Japanese enterprise Daikin Device Czech Republic s.r.o. with emphasis on the production schedule, equipment and manufacturing system with elements of lean production. According to the production process analysis at the given production line a new solution of the production process has been suggested to increase production efficiency. This conception has been implemented and compared to the production process before, as well as to the assumed production process after increasing the efficiency.

Heart rate, Oxygen saturation, HR, SpO2, MATLAB, smartphone, mobile phone, photopletysmogram, PPG