O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar uma estratégia para avaliação da resiliência na mobilidade urbana, focando-se na restrição ao transporte motorizado. Assim, assumiu-se hipoteticamente que as viagens poderiam ser feitas apenas a pé ou de bicicleta. As viagens foram classificadas como persistentes, adaptáveis e transformáveis. As viagens persistentes e adaptáveis foram consideradas resilientes, enquanto as viagens transformáveis foram consideradas vulneráveis. Uma nova segmentação precisou ser criada para este trabalho: a excepcionalidade, que engloba viagens por modo a pé ou bicicleta além dos limites das Distâncias Máximas Possíveis (DMP). Os estudos de caso foram feitos na cidade de São Carlos e em um conjunto de três municípios da Região Metropolitana de Maceió (RMM): Maceió, Rio Largo e Satuba. No estudo em São Carlos, o pior cenário teve 40,4% de resiliência, e atingiu 100% com 11 km de DMP de bicicleta. Na RMM, o cenário mais pessimista apresentou uma resiliência de 43,0%, e atingiu o seu máximo aos 28 km. Os resultados também revelaram diferentes padrões espaciais de viagens para cada condição da resiliência. Em São Carlos, viagens persistentes apresentaram um padrão pontual. Viagens adaptáveis mostraram um padrão radial. As viagens transformáveis exibiam um padrão mais diametral, de um extremo ao outro da cidade. A análise por zona mostrou que as viagens transformáveis têm maior frequência em zonas afastadas do centro da cidade. Em RMM, os padrões encontrados foram semelhantes. As viagens persistentes, por exemplo, também eram predominantemente intrazonais. Além disso, as viagens adaptáveis tornaram-se mais concentradas em partes específicas da área urbanizada (por exemplo, ao norte da região), a medida que os valores de DMP aumentaram. O trabalho mostra a necessidade da adoção de políticas de incentivo aos modos ativos de transporte, no intuito de diminuir a dependência da sociedade de veículos motorizados. / The objective of this study was the development of a strategy to evaluate how urban mobility resilience would be affected by constraints imposed to motorized transport modes. The analysis was based on the hypothetical assumption that only walking and cycling trips would be possible. The trips were initially classified as persistent, adaptable and transformable. Trips in the first two groups were considered resilient trips, whereas the trips in the third group were vulnerable trips. A fourth category was created to accommodate walking and cycling trips that went beyond the Maximum Distances (MD) per mode that were also defined as part of the method. Case studies were conducted in the city of São Carlos and in Maceió Metropolitan Region (MMR), which contains three municipalities: Maceió, Rio Largo and Satuba. In the case of São Carlos, we found a resilience value of 40.4% in the worst scenario. Resilience values would increase for larger MD values, reaching a maximum resilience of 100% for a MD of 11 km. In MMR, the minimum resilience value found was 43.0%, and the maximum resilience value corresponded to a MD of 28 km. The results also indicated different spatial patterns for each group of trips. In São Carlos, persistent trips were mainly intrazonal trips, adaptable trips had a radial pattern, and transformable trips crossed the urban area. The analysis per zone have shown a concentration of transformable trips in zones far from the city center. In MMR, the patterns were similar. Persistent trips, for example, were also mostly intrazonal trips. In addition, adaptable trips became more concentrated in specific parts of the urbanized area (e.g. the northern part of the region) as MD values increased. This study indicate the need for policies that encourage the use of active modes of transportation, in order to decrease the dependence of society in motorized vehicles.

Contexte : les deux-roues motorisés (2RM) sont en forte évolution et la vulnérabilité de leurs usagers est de plus en plus manifeste. En 2013, dans le monde, les usagers de 2RM ont compté pour 23 % de la mortalité routière, devant les piétons (22 %). Dans ce contexte, la sécurité des usagers de 2RM est devenue une préoccupation sérieuse dans la plupart des pays. Contrairement à beaucoup de problèmes de santé publique, les principaux facteurs de l'insécurité routière en 2RM sont connus. L'enjeu d'aujourd'hui est surtout de quantifier leur effet sur la survenue d'accidents et d'évaluer les effets des quelques dispositifs de protection disponibles. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de mieux connaitre les problèmes d'interaction entre les conducteurs de 2RM et les automobilistes selon différentes situations accidentelles (en particulier en intersection), de quantifier les effets des facteurs à l'origine de la survenue des accidents issus de la perte de contrôle du 2RM, et de mesurer l'efficacité des dispositifs de protection portés par les usagers de 2RM (casque intégral, blouson de moto, pantalon de moto, gants, bottes ou chaussures montantes et protection dorsale). Données : la réalisation des objectifs de la thèse s'appuie sur les données du projet VOIESUR, les données du Registre des accidents de la circulation du Rhône et les données recueillies au moyen d'une enquête postale réalisée auprès de 7 148 usagers de 2RM accidentés entre 2010 et 2014 identifiés par le Registre du Rhône. Résultats : Le problème de détectabilité des motos au niveau des intersections est confirmé. Dans la même situation d'interaction entre deux véhicules en intersection, un automobiliste a plus de difficulté à détecter une moto qu'à détecter un véhicule léger. Les facteurs suivants sont associés à la survenue des accidents de type perte de contrôle : alcool, type de moto, jour de l'accident, sinuosité de la route, adhérence de la route et vitesse. Nous soulignons le fait qu'une mauvaise adhérence de la route augmente considérablement le risque de perte de contrôle, en particulier lorsque la dégradation de l'adhérence est inattendue pour les motocyclistes en raison de la présence de gravillons, de corps gras, de nids de poule, etc. sur la route. En cas d'accident, les vêtements dédiés à la moto protègent les usagers des blessures. Ils sont efficaces pour éviter les dermabrasions et les plaies cutanées, mais ne semblent pas protéger des blessures plus graves telles que fracture, luxation ou entorse, sauf pour les bottes ou chaussures montantes qui réduisent le risque de fracture de la cheville ou du pied. Concernant les plaques dorsales, aucune efficacité n'a été montrée. Les casques intégraux protègent mieux le visage de l'usager du 2RM comparés aux non-intégraux, alors qu'aucune différence de protection du crâne ou du cerveau n'est mise en évidence entre les deux types de casques. Conclusion : Nos résultats mettent en évidence le problème de détectabilité d'un 2RM par les automobilistes en intersection et l'importance de l'état de la chaussée dans les accidents associés à une perte de contrôle du 2RM par son conducteur. Il est fortement recommandé pour les automobilistes de bien faire attention aux véhicules prioritaires venant de la gauche ou d'en face avant de tourner à gauche, particulièrement aux 2RM venant d'en face. L'amélioration de l'état de la chaussée et une signalisation adaptée représentent aussi un enjeu fort pour la sécurité des usagers de 2RM. Nos résultats soutiennent la recommandation faite par les organismes de sécurité routière du port plus systématique des équipements vestimentaires chez les usagers de 2RM. Enfin, nos résultats encouragent l'utilisation d'un casque intégral chez les usagers de 2RM afin de mieux protéger le visage / Background: Motorized two-wheelers (MTW) are evolving rapidly and the vulnerability of their users is becoming more obvious. MTW users were the most vulnerable road users, accounting for 23 % of all road traffic fatalities worldwide in 2013, in front of pedestrians (22 %). In this context, the safety of MTW users has become a serious concern in most countries. In contrast to many public health problems, the main factors of MTW road safety have been identified. The issue today is to quantify their effects on the occurrence of accidents and to measure the effects of protective devices. The present thesis aims to better understand the interaction problems between MTW drivers and automobilists according to different accident configurations (in particular at intersection), to identify and assess the effect of critical factors on the risk of MTW loss-of-control crashes, and to measure the effectiveness of protective clothing (motorcycle jacket, trousers, gloves, knee-high or ankle boots, back protection) for MTW users. Data: This study used MTW accident data collected in a French project VOIESUR, injury data from the Rhône Registry, plus data collected by means of a postal survey which was conducted among 7148 MTW riders injured between 2010 and 2014 and identified in the Rhône Registry. Results: We confirmed the problem of motorcycle detection for other road users. In the similar conditions, the motorists have more difficulty to detect a motorcycle than a car oncoming, in particular at intersections. The following factors are associated with the occurrence of motorcycle loss-of-control accidents: alcohol use, motorcycle type, weekend vs. weekday, road alignment, road adhesion and traveling speed. We emphasize that poor road adhesion significantly increases the risk of losing control, especially when deteriorated road adhesion is encountered unexpectedly, due to the presence of loose gravel, ice, oil, potholes, etc. on the roadway. In case of accident, motorcycle clothing protects users from injury. It can protect riders against injuries such as dermabrasion and laceration, but not against more serious injuries, such as fracture and sprain, except for boots, which reduce foot-and-ankle fracture risk. No effect of dorsal protectors was shown. Full-face helmets provide significantly greater protection against facial injury than do other helmets. However, no significant difference of protection against skull or brain injury is found between the two types of helmets. Conclusion: Our results highlight the problem of MTW detection for motorists at intersections and the important role of road conditions in the occurrence of accidents resulting from loss of control of MTW. It is recommended for motorists to pay extra attention to priority vehicles oncoming from their left or the opposite direction, before turning left at an intersection, especially to MTW. Regular road maintenance and immediate installment of appropriate warning signs concerning road deterioration are also highly recommended in consideration of MTW safety. Finally, our results support road safety organizations’ recommendation that protective clothing be worn: this should be more systematic for MTW users, the same for the use of full-face helmets

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-01T11:58:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3448063 bytes, checksum: d1e7c70106a11d73c446f2bd23e07924 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-11-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The use of bicycle has been highlighting globally as alternative transportation, since the bikes have great potential for use in urban transport for the reduction of car, besides bringing benefits such as improving the quality of life of the user; improving the physical conditions; reduced environmental impact; improved accessibility for the cost / benefit; low maintenance cost; occupies less space on urban roads, and reduces maintenance costs of infrastructure. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the use of bicycles as a potentially viable means of transport in order to contribute to improving transit access to campus. The methodology consisted of a literature review on urban mobility and mobility by bicycle, followed by field research which was divided into two stages: the questionnaire and systematic evaluations (characterization of the road and study of soil (Worksheet observation), Cyclists count and behavioral map). The results confirmed the hypotheses is possible to improve urban mobility if located one cycling infrastructure surrounding the campus of the Federal University of Amazonas and the users of this campus join the bicycle as an alternative means of transport since, the bicycle is a fast and efficient mode of transport suitable for small displacements and facilitate the mobility of users residing in a relatively close distance, up to 5 km, the UFAM, softening the motor road flow helping in the flow of traffic. / O uso da bicicleta vem se destacando mundialmente como alternativa de transporte, visto que tem um grande potencial de uso como transportes urbanos diminuindo o uso de automóveis, além de trazer benefícios como: melhoria da qualidade de vida do usuário; melhoria das suas condições físicas; impacto ambiental reduzido; maior acessibilidade pelo custo/benefício; baixo custo de manutenção; ocupar menor espaço nas vias urbanas e, reduzir os gastos com manutenção da infraestrutura. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da bicicleta como um meio de transporte potencialmente viável de modo a contribuir com a melhoria do trânsito no acesso ao campus. A metodologia consistiu em revisão de literatura sobre a mobilidade urbana e o gerenciamento de mobilidade enfatizando o uso da bicicleta, seguida por pesquisa de campo que foi dividida em duas etapas: o questionário e as observações sistemáticas (caracterização da infraestrutura viária [Planilha de observação], Contagem de Ciclistas e o mapa comportamental). Os resultados confirmaram as hipóteses é possível melhorar a mobilidade urbana se for implantada uma infraestrutura cicloviária no entorno do campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas e os usuários deste campus aderirem a bicicleta como uma alternativa de meio de transporte uma vez que, a bicicleta é um modo de transporte rápido e eficiente indicado para pequenos deslocamentos e facilitaria a mobilidade dos usuários que residem em uma distância relativamente próxima, até 5 km, à UFAM, amenizando o fluxo viário motorizado ajudando no escoamento do trânsito.

A presente Tese de Doutorado possui, como objetivo principal, trabalhar a questão da juventude menorista impedida de dirigir legalmente pelo Estado veículos motorizados de duas rodas, inserida como consumidora na formação da indústria motociclística brasileira. A periodização da presente Tese começa em 1974, que marca da entrada da Yamaha, primeira indústria japonesa do ramo de duas rodas no Brasil, e 2000, último ano do século XX. O ano de 1974 também marca o início da publicação da revista especializada em motocicletas DUAS RODAS, periódico publicado até os presentes dias, o qual se constitui como principal fonte para compreendermos a história do motociclismo nacional no período. O Estado, principalmente após a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), em 1990, delimitou os parâmetros que a sociedade brasileira deveria, necessariamente, respeitar em relação aos menores de idade. O conjunto da legislação brasileira foi, no período 1974- 2000, conscientemente desobedecido por membros da chamada \"nata motorizada\", que exerceu o seu poder de consumo, com o apoio tácito da indústria brasileira, para a utilização de veículos motorizados de duas rodas pela juventude menorista no século XX. O presente trabalho documenta a nossa iniciativa em defender a tese de que a juventude menorista foi impedida de dirigir legalmente veículos motorizados de duas rodas no Brasil no período entre 1974-2000, devido, principalmente, à burocracia lotada nos Departamentos de Trânsito, que não desejava a presença de menores de idade motorizados nas ruas. Esta burocracia, que possuía os chamados \"gestores incontestes\", associava esses menores de idade nas ruas à desordem, subversão e desobediência às normas brasileiras de trânsito. A indústria brasileira de veículos de duas rodas, representada por uma entidade de classe, a Abraciclo, tomara a si a iniciativa de constituir-se como um grupo de pressão para conseguir do Estado a aprovação de uma legislação permissiva ao uso de ciclomotores à juventude menorista. Após a não aplicação da Resolução n. 50, de 1998, as indústrias brasileiras congregadas na Abraciclo praticamente abandonaram a luta com o Estado, que cedeu, não sem alívio, às pressões dos \"gestores incontestes\", membros de sua própria burocracia responsável pelo trânsito nacional, que utilizaram de sua posição privilegiada de \"especialistas\" para impor seu posicionamento frente à questão da juventude menorista usuários de veículos motorizados de duas rodas em âmbito urbano. / This Doctoral Thesis has as main objective, to address the issue of youth legally barred from driving state-motorized two-wheel, inserted as a consumer in the formation of Brazilian motorcycling industry. The stages of this thesis begins in 1974, which marks the entrance to the Yamaha, the Japanese industry\'s first two-wheeler industry in Brazil, and 2000, the last year of the twentieth century. The year 1974 also marks the beginning of the publication of the magazine on motorcycles \"DUAS RODAS\", periodical published to the present day, which constitutes the main source for understanding the history of motorcycling in the national period. The state, especially after the enactment of the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente - ECA) in 1990 delineated the parameters that Brazilian society should necessarily comply in relation to minors. The set of Brazilian legislation was, in the period 1974-2000, knowingly disobeyed by members of the \"motorized cream\", which exercised its power consumption, with the tacit support of the Brazilian industry for the use of motorized two-wheelers by youth in the twentieth century. This paper documents our initiative to defend the thesis that youth was legally barred from driving motorized two wheels in Brazil in the period 1974-2000, mainly due to bureaucracy crowded in Traffic Departments, who did not wish the presence of minors motorized street. This bureaucracy, which had called \"managers uncontested\", associating these underage street disorder, subversion and disobedience to traffic rules in Brazil. The Brazilian industry of two wheelers, represented by an entity class, Abraciclo, had taken upon themselves the initiative to establish itself as a pressure group to get state approval for permissive legislation the use of mopeds youth. After the non-implementation of Resolution. 50, 1998, Brazilian industries gathered in Abraciclo virtually abandoned the struggle with the state, which yielded, not without relief, the pressures of \"uncontested managers\", members of his own bureaucracy responsible for national traffic, who used his privileged position of \"experts\" to impose its position relative to the issue of youth users of motorized two wheelers in the urban context.

L’hégémonie des modes de transport motorisés individuels est aujourd’hui un des problèmes ardus dans le domaine du transport urbain. Avec l’objectif du développement durable des villes, le développement durable du transport et de la mobilité, en limitant les nuisances du système de transport motorisé (la congestion, la pollution, l’insécurité routière, la dégradation du paysage, l’externalité des modes non-motorisés, l’inégalité sociale, etc.) est aussi une demande essentielle et urgente dans beaucoup de villes du Monde, dont le Vietnam. Hanoi est une grande agglomération vietnamienne où les motos (2 roues à moteur) jouent actuellement jusqu’à 80% des déplacements quotidiens des habitants, et le transport en commun par bus assure une petite partie seulement des déplacements des gens. Les habitants de Hanoi vivent dans un milieu de congestion et de pollution de l’air très grave. Les politiques des autorités vietnamiennes visant à restreindre les modes motorisés privés et encourager les reports modaux vers les transports en commun et les modes non-motorisés (la marche, le vélo) n’ont pas les résultats escomptés. Pour répondre à la question « pour quelle raison les reports modaux vers les TC et les modes non-motorisés ne sont pas largement mis en place » et « pour quelle raison les politiques de transport urbain ont échoué », dans le cadre de ma thèse, j’ai réalisé des enquêtes ménage de transport auprès des habitants à Hanoi et des entretiens profonds auprès des experts et des autorités vietnamiennes en souhaitant avoir la réponse sous deux l’angle : l’angle socio-mobile et l’angle politique. Sous l’angle socio-mobile, mes enquêtes contribuent à une meilleure connaissance des déterminants du choix modal dans la mobilité quotidienne de différentes catégories de population à Hanoi, d’expliquer les raisons, les obstacles à un report modal vers les TNM et les TC pour différents types de déplacements, de connaître les raisons profondes du report modal observé chez certains enquêtés. Sous l’angle politique, j’observe si les conditions des politiques sont remplies ou non pour une mise en place des reports modaux chez les habitants. Enfin, l’objectif de la thèse est aussi de créer un modèle d’analyse sur la mobilité urbaine, le choix modal et le report modal spécifiquement pour le cas de Hanoi, qui formera une bonne référence pour la définition des politiques de transport urbain durable. / The hegemony of private motorized transport is nowadays one of the difficult problems in the field of urban transport. In the objective of urban sustainable development, sustainable transport and mobility by reducing consequences from motorized transport system (congestion, pollution, road safety, landscape degradation, the externality of non-motorized modes, social inequality, etc.) which is an essential and urgent demand in many cities in the world, including Vietnam. Hanoi is a large city in Vietnam where bikes (2 wheelers) are currently up to 80% of the daily movements of people, and public transport by bus provides only a small part of the movement of people. The people of Hanoi are living in an environment of very serious congestion and air pollution. Policies of the Vietnamese authorities to restrict private motorized modes and to encourage modal shift towards public transport and non-motorized modes (walking, cycling) have no outcome. To answer the question "why the modal shift towards the TC and non-motorized modes are not well set up" and "why the urban transport policies are stranded," as part of my thesis, I conducted surveys of household transport to the residents in Hanoi and deep interviews with experts and Vietnamese authorities hoping to have the answer in two terms: social and political. In terms of society, my investigations contribute to a better understanding of the determinants of mode choice in daily mobility of different social classes in Hanoi, to explain the reasons, barriers to a modal shift to NMT and TC for different types of travel, to know the underlying reasons of modal shift observed in some respondents. In terms of policy, I note that if the conditions of the policy are implemented or not for a modal shifts from bikes towards public transport. In the end, the objective of the thesis is also creating an analysis model of urban mobility, modal choice and modal shift, specifically for the case of Hanoi, which will form a good reference for the definition of sustainable urban transport policies.

This work is focused on the study of the intensity profile of optical beams. In the first part problematics of optical beams from theoretical point of view is discussed, Model of realistically circular symmetric beam in an ideal lossless, stationary, homogeneous and isotropic medium is formed in Matlab®. The next part of the thesis deals with implementation of automatic workplace for measuring intensity profile of optical beams. Within the thesis - PCB desing of photodetector in Eagle®, is discussed. Custom application for controlling the motorized linear stage M – IMS 400 and communication with photodetector in the Microsoft Visual Studio 2010® was created.

Orientador: Gustavo Garcia Manzato / Resumo: O trabalho apresentado teve como objetivo principal avaliar as relações entre características espaciais das cidades e a resiliência em relação à mobilidade urbana, considerando os diferentes portes de municípios, em um estudo aplicado para o estado de São Paulo. Para atingir tal objetivo, foi proposto o desenvolvimento de um método de avaliação da resiliência na mobilidade urbana considerando viagens não motorizadas (caminhada e bicicleta), utilizando como inovação a Grade Estatística do IBGE. Em geral, para o modo a pé foi observado que cerca de 46% dos municípios analisados seriam totalmente resilientes, sendo que esta proporção é composta pelos munícipios de menor porte. Já os municípios que apresentaram uma baixa resiliência compreendem aproximadamente 11% do total de municípios e são caracterizados por aqueles de maior porte e mais populosos do estado. Para o modo bicicleta a situação é diferente, nota-se que apenas os municípios de São Paulo e Ilhabela apresentam baixa resiliência. Além disso, é observado que 91% dos municípios são totalmente resilientes em relação a esse modo de deslocamento. A partir dos resultados do método, buscou-se relacionar essa resiliência com métricas espaciais das cidades por meio de índices de forma urbana, a saber: Densidade, Concentração, Agrupamento e Centralidade. Dessa maneira, concluiu-se que a Densidade Domiciliar é o parâmetro que mais se destaca, uma vez que quanto maior o porte do município, maior foi o valor observado para essa mé... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between spatial characteristics of cities and the resilience in urban mobility, considering the different sizes of the municipalities, in a study applied to the state of São Paulo. To achieve this objective, we proposed the development of a method for assessing the resilience in urban mobility considering non-motorized trips (walking and cycling), using the Statistical Grid of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics as an innovation. In general, for walking, we observed that around 46% of the municipalities would be totally resilient, and this proportion corresponds to the smaller municipalities. On the other hand, the municipalities that show a lower resilience comprise approximately 11% of the total and are characterized by the largest and most populous municipalities in the state. For cycling the situation is different. We noted that only the municipalities of São Paulo and Ilhabela present a low resilience rate. In addition, we observed that 91% of the municipalities are totally resilient to this travel mode. In turn, we sought to establish a relationship between this resilience with spatial metrics of the cities through urban form indexes: Density, Concentration, Clustering and Centrality. Thus, we concluded that the household density is the parameter that stands out the most, since the larger the size of the municipality, the higher the value for this metric. For the other metrics (Concentration, Cl... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Mechatronics is a rapidly growing field that combines elements of mechanical, electrical, and software engineering to design and develop intelligent systems. One area where mechatronics still has the potential to have a significant impact is personal appliances and aids for people with disabilities, which this report aims to explore. This bachelor thesis focuses on the design and development of a mechatronic lid opener. The main objective of this project is to explore the feasibility of creating a functional prototype that can automatically open jar lids with minimal user intervention. A secondary objective is to explore the market potential for such a product. In order to achieve the main objective, a prototype was designed, constructed, and tested. Further, a brief supplementing market analysis was conducted. The result showed that the construction was durable enough to withstand the pressure it put on the jar, and the function of the planetary gearing works as intended. Although, from the tests, it is concluded that the prototype’s functionality is not developed enough to reach the goal. This is derived from the limitations of construction on the gripping arms and lack of inertia leading to premature rotation. The result also showed that the market for automated or motorized home appliances is small, with identified target groups generally having low purchasing power. Low effort is recognized to achieve what this project aimed to do, which is why future studies from this project are of high interest. / Mekatronik är ett snabbt växande område som kombinerar element av mekanik, elektronik och mjukvaruteknik för att designa och utveckla intelligenta system. Ett område där mekatronik fortfarande har potential att ha en betydande inverkan är personliga applikationer och hjälpmedel förpersoner med funktionsvariation, som denna rapport syftar till att utforska. Denna kandidatuppsats fokuserar på design och utveckling av en mekatronisk burköppnare. Huvudsyftet med detta projekt är att utforska möjligheten att skapa en funktionell prototyp som automatiskt kan öppna burklock med minimalt krav på inverkar från användaren. Ett sekundärt mål är att utforska marknadspotentialen för en sådan produkt. För att uppnå detta huvudsyfte designades, konstruerades och testades en prototyp. Vidare genomfördes en kort kompletterande marknadsanalys. Resultatet visade att konstruktionen var tillräckligt tålig för att klara trycket den satte på burken och planetväxelns funktion fungerar som planerat. Däremot dras slutsaten utifrån testerna att prototypens funktionalitet inte är tillräckligt utvecklad för att nå målet. Detta härrör från begränsningarna av konstruktionen av griparmarna och bristen på tröghet som leder till för tidig rotation. Resultatet visade också att marknaden för automatiserade eller motoriserade hushållsapparater är liten, där identifierade målgrupper generellt har låg köpkraft. Liten ansträngning anses nödvändigt för att uppnå vad detta projekt syftade till, varför framtida studier från detta projekt är av stort intresse.

As estratégias propostas pelo novo PDE (Lei 16.050/2014) procuram incentivar a mobilidade não motorizada através de mudanças relacionadas ao uso do solo e desenho urbano. Nesses termos, o objetivo geral da tese é verificar a relação entre forma urbana e mobilidade ativa em São Paulo. Para tanto, busca verificar a influência da densidade urbana, uso misto e geometria viária na circulação não motorizada. A hipótese pleiteada é que uma maior densidade urbana e mistura de usos, associadas a uma estrutura viária mais densa, corresponde a uma maior proporção de deslocamentos a pé e de bicicleta. A metodologia utilizada é analítica - quantitativa. Os dados da Pesquisa Origem Destino do Metrô de 2007 (OD2007) foram organizados por grupos de variáveis temáticas, e submetidos a análises estatísticas bivariantes e multivariantes, em que uma ou mais variáveis independentes (urbanísticas e socioeconômicas) são relacionadas com uma variável dependente (porcentagem de deslocamentos não motorizados até 2,5 km), de forma independente e combinadamente. Os resultados mostraram que as variáveis socioeconômicas são as que mais exercem influência no deslocamento não motorizado no Aglomerado Metropolitano de São Paulo (AMSP), mas as variáveis urbanísticas também têm um grau de influência significativo, principalmente no Centro Expandido. Isoladamente, no entanto, poucas alcançaram altos níveis de associação com a variável dependente, o que significa que as variáveis urbanísticas só são capazes de fomentar o deslocamento não motorizado quando atuam conjuntamente, corroborando a importância de ambientes que combinam alta densidade urbana, usos diversificados e boa acessibilidade. / The Sao Paulo\'s new Strategic Master Plan (PDE) seeks to incentivize non-motorized mobility through changes related to land use and urban design. The ame of this thesis is to check the relationship between urban form and active mobility in the city of São Paulo. To do this, the thesis seeks to verify the influence of urban density, mixed use and street geometry over non-motorized circulation. The sought hypothesis is that greater urban density and mixed use, combined with dense street geometry, correspond to higher proportion of journeys by foot and bicycle. The methodology used is analytical-quantitative. Data from Metro\'s 2007 Study of Origin-Destination (OD2007) was organized by thematic variable groups, and submitted to bivariant and multivariant statistical analyses, in which one or more independent variables (urban or socioeconomic) are related to one dependent variable (percentage of non-motorized journeys up to 2.5 km), both independently and combined. The results showed that socioeconomical variables have the most influence over non-motorized movement within São Paulo\'s Metropolitan Cluster (AMSP), but the urbanistic variables also have a significant degree of influence, especially in the Expanded Center. Taken in isolation, however, few achieved high levels of association with the dependent variable, which means that urbanistic variables are only able to foster non-motorized movement when acting together, corroborating the importance of environments which combine high urban density, diverse uses and good accessibility

Detta självständiga arbete undersöker stridstekniska obemannade luftfarkostsystem (SUAV) och potentiella tekniska system som är motverkande mot obemannade luftfarkoster (CUAS). Nyttjandet av stridstekniska obemannade luftfarkostsystem har ökat kraftigt och har observerats i både Syrien och Ukraina. I den ryska armén har de sett framgångsrik användning i samverkan med befintliga artillerisystem. Syftet med detta självständiga arbete är att analysera och förstå de effekter som tekniken har på militära operationer. I detta arbete används det militärtekniska konceptet ’militär nytta’ Andersson m.fl. (2015) i kombination med Johnsonkriteriet som används för att beräkna räckvidden på infraröda sensorer. Tillsammans med användningen av systemanalys och scenariobaserade metoder, har stridstekniska obemannade luftfarkostsystem och tekniska system som är motverkande mot obemannade luftfarkoster värderats med konceptet militär nytta. Slutsatserna från detta arbete visar att stridstekniska obemannade luftfarkostsystem har en god militär nytta då de används mot en motoriserad skyttebataljon (militär aktör), i förberedelsefasen av en fördröjningsstrid (kontext). Vid värderingen av de två tekniska systemalternativen som motverkar obemannade luftfarkoster; eldvapensystem och robotsystem, har bärbara luftvärnsrobotsystem bedömts ha en bättre militär nytta än automatkanonsystem på grund av dess möjliga användning i avsuttna operationer. / This independent project studies Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and potential Counter Unmanned Aerial Systems. The usage of Small Unmanned Aerial Systems has grown rapidly and has seen use in warfare in both Syria and Ukraine. In the Russian armed forces, they have seen successful use when used in combination with legacy artillery systems. The purpose of this independent project is to analyse and understand the effects that technology has on military operations. In this project, a military-technology concept called ‘military utility’ Andersson et al. (2015) is used in combination with the Johnson criteria which is used to calculate infrared sensor range. Together with the use of systems analysis and scenario-based methods, Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and two identified Counter Unmanned Aerial System alternatives have been assessed with the military utility concept. The conclusions of this independent project show that Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have a good degree of military utility when used against a motorized infantry battalion (military actor), in the preparatory phase of a delay operation (context). When assessing the two Counter Unmanned Aerial System alternatives; gun-based systems and missile air defence systems, man-portable air-defence systems have, because of their possible use in dismounted operations, been considered to have a greater military utility in comparison to autocannon systems.