Dans le cadre professionnel, les maladies professionnelles telles que les troubles musculo-squelettiques et les maladies psychiques constituent la première cause d'entrée dans le régime d'invalidité en France. Leur singularisme se situe dans leur étiologie complexe qui échappe au système d'indemnisation. Ces maladies dont le travail est une cause mais ne peut être avec certitude la cause ne sont quasiment pas prises en charge.Leur réparation se fonde encore principalement sur une loi compromissoire entre patronat et salariés centenaire, sur laquelle se sont empilés des mécanismes réparatoires législatifs et jurisprudentiels, et leur prévention nécessiterait un bouleversement dans le rapport au travail. Dans la fonction publique, cette mauvaise prise en charge n'est pas sans créer des disparités entre agents, selon leur régime statutaire ou la reconnaissance effective de la maladie au service.Le système de réparation actuel qui laisse à la charge de la sécurité sociale des maladies pourtant liées au travail ne peut perdurer. Cependant de nouvelles modalités d'indemnisation ne sont possibles que si le coût est supportable. Or l'inexistence de chiffres permettant d'estimer le nombre de maladies reconnues ou sous-déclarées et de ce fait la part des maladies multifactorielles, rend l'estimation de ce coût impossible.La base de données (année 2008) qui a été constituée dans ce travail permet d'évaluer le nombre d'agents touchés par une maladie multifactorielle et laisse à penser que seule une réparation partielle assortie d'une prévention incitative est susceptible de prendre en charge de manière acceptable et pérenne les maladies multifactorielles dans la fonction publique. / In the working environment, multifactorial disorders such as musculoskeletal and mental disorders are the main cause of officially recognized disability in France. Their particularity lies in their complex etiology, which makes claims for compensation difficult. They can be caused in part by working conditions, but other factors are involved, with no single clearly identifiable cause. Their compensation mechanisms are mainly based on hundred-year-old employment arbitration law, to which other legislative and jurisprudential compensation mechanisms have been added. These disorders can only be prevented by a complex shift in attitudes to work and in the perception of proper working conditions. For civil servants, the current system causes disparities between agents, due to differences in their legal status and recognition of the disorder in each department.Under the current system of compensation, the cost of these work-related disorders is covered by social security, which is untenable, but any new form of compensation must be cost-efficient. However, as there are no figures available to estimate the number of recognised occupational disorders and hence the proportion of multifactorial diseases, it is not possible to estimate their cost. From the data collected in this study for the year 2008 it is possible to calculate the number of agents affected by multifactorial diseases. The results indicate that the only long-term and appropriate way to deal with this problem in the civil service is through partial compensation combined with incentives to prevent these disorders.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:22:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4992.pdf: 3011088 bytes, checksum: e16236b88f4430b4475a77ff532b2ae9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of resistance training on body composition and active matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) on biceps and gastrocnemius muscles in rats with high fat diet. We evaluated 32 Wistar rats divided into four experimental groups (n=8/each) according to diet and exercise status: Control Group (C; standard diet), Obese Control Group [C-Ob; hiperlipidic diet (30% of fat)], Resistance Exercise (RE; standard diet) and Resistance Exercise Obese (RE-Ob; hiperlipidic diet). After weaning (day 21), animals were subjected to the experimental diet according to their groups during 24 weeks. A 12-week strength-training period was used, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights attached to their tails. The sessions were performed three times/week (Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays, with 4 9 climbs/session and 8 12 dynamic movements/climb with two rest minutes. Resistance training induced a significant reduction in body mass, fat mass, fat percentage in group RE (p < 0,05). Resistance training increased the activity of MMP-2 on bicpes and gastrocnemius muscle (p < 0,05), favoring thus the tissue remodeling in both groups trained. Finally, the carrying load trained both groups was not statistically different, however, the relative strength (carrying load/body weight) was statistically higher in group RE (p < 0,05). Resistance training promoted significant changes in body composition, MMP-2 activity in the biceps and gastrocnemius and the relative strength. Thus resistance training may be a strategy to minimize the deleterious effects induced by consumption of a high fat diet and the co-morbidities associated with obesity in skeletal muscle. / O objetivo do presente estudo, foi investigar a influência do treinamento resistido na composição corporal e a atividade metaloproteinases de matrix 2 (MMP-2) nos músculos bíceps e gastrocnêmio em ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica. Foram avaliados 32 ratos machos Wistar divididos em quarto grupos experimentais (n=8/cada) de acordo com o tipo de dieta e o treinamento: Controle (C; dieta padrão), Controle Obeso [C-Ob; dieta: hiperlipídica (30% de gordura)], Exercício Resistido (EX; dieta padrão) e Exercício Resistido Obeso (EX-Ob; dieta hiperlipídica). Após o desmame (dia 21), os animais foram submetidos à dieta experimental durante 24 semanas. Após 12 semanas de dieta os animais realizaram um período de 12 semanas de treinamento resistido, durante o qual os animais escalavam uma escada vertical de 1,1 metros com pesos atados a cauda. As sessões de treinamento foram realizadas três vezes por semana (segunda, quarta e sexta-feira) com 4 a 9 escaladas e 8 a 12 movimentos dinâmicos a cada subida com dois minutos de intervalo de recuperação. O treinamento resistido induziu redução significativa na massa corporal, massa gorda, percentual de gordura nos animais do grupo EX (p < 0,05). O grupo C apresentou massa corporal e massa gorda significativamente maiores e valores de massa magra significativamente menores quando comparado com os animais do grupo EX. O treinamento resistido aumentou a atividade da MMP-2 nos músculos bíceps e gastrocnêmio (p < 0.05), favorecendo dessa forma, o remodelamento tecidual em ambos os grupos treinados. Por fim, a carga de carregamento de ambos os grupos treinados não foi diferente estatisticamente, no entanto, a força relativa (carga de carregamento/massa corporal) foi estatisticamente maior no grupo EX (p<0.05). O treinamento resistido promoveu mudanças importantes na composição corporal, atividade da MMP-2 nos músculos bíceps e gastrocnêmio e na força relativa. Assim o treinamento resistido pode ser uma estratégia para minimizar os efeitos deletérios induzidos pelo consumo de uma dieta hiperlipídica e as co-morbidades associadas à obesidade no músculo esquelético

Submitted by DANILO GUALBERTO DE SANDRE null (danilo.sandre@hotmail.com) on 2016-07-14T21:57:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE e ARTIGO Danilo18.pdf: 1530531 bytes, checksum: 1a9072d60b1aee7abd7f4a51ea079af4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-07-18T20:35:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sandre_dg_me_araca.pdf: 1530531 bytes, checksum: 1a9072d60b1aee7abd7f4a51ea079af4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T20:35:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sandre_dg_me_araca.pdf: 1530531 bytes, checksum: 1a9072d60b1aee7abd7f4a51ea079af4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Dois experimentos envolvendo 1280 pintos machos Cobb 500, foram conduzidos para avaliar as possíveis interações entre condicionamento termo precoce e balanço eletrolítico da dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, bem como estudar os efeitos do estresse térmico agudo e crônico. No d 8, as aves foram transferidas para 32 boxes, com raspas de madeira e resíduo desidratado de acerola (proporção ½ a ½ ) como cama, mantendo os mesmos tratamentos com oito repetições cada. Os dados da Exp. 1 (stress agudo) e 2 (stress crónico) foram combinados num arranjo fatorial 2x2x2 (com e sem condicionamento térmico precoce (CTP); dieta com e sem equilíbrio eletrolítico (EE); e estresse térmico agudo ou crônico. A dieta com EE foi calculada como mEq / kg para a Na + K-Cl e o valor da relação (K + Cl) / Na, com 300 mEq / kg e uma proporção de 3: 1, respectivamente. As aves foram alimentadas com: (1) uma dieta tradicional (176 mEq / kg e a relação de 3,36: 1) sem CTP; (2) dieta tradicional com CTP; (3) dieta com EE e sem CTP e (4) dieta com EE e CTP. Ração e água foram fornecidas ad libitum. Metade das aves foram expostas a 36 °C durante 24 horas com a idade de 5, enquanto que a outra metade não foi exposto a CTP. Na idade de 38 d, metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiados por estresse térmico agudo de 36 °C durante 6h e com a idade de 35 a 39 d, outra metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiado por um estresse térmico crônico de 32 °C por 6h. O consumo de ração, peso corporal (PC), a umidade das fezes e deposição de gordura abdominal foram determinadas a 46 d de idade e taxa de conversão alimentar ajustado foi calculado através da inclusão de PC da mortalidade. Coordenadas tricromáticas (L*, a*, e b*) foram medidos no músculo do peito, às 24h. Nenhum efeito de interação foi encontrado com nenhum dos parâmetros avaliados. Assim, não existe sinergismo para qualquer um dos traços. Houve aumento expressivo da mortalidade [(3,06-65,62%) / P <0,0001] de estresse agudo. O EE aumentou a umidade nas fezes (P = 0,0202). Os conteúdos de lipídios dos tecidos abdominais foram afetados pela exposição ao calor e diminuiu significativamente (P <0,0001) para crônica (53.9g) versus estresse agudo (127.5g). Além disso, um efeito significativo (P <0,0001) valores mais elevados foi encontrado em carne para aguda (66,4 e 23,2) versus o estresse crônico (57,6 e 17,6), em L* e b*, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que as aves submetidas a estresse agudo estão sujeitos a síndrome do músculo pálida aves. / Two experiments involving 1280 male Cobb 500 chicks were conducted to evaluate the possible interactions between early thermal conditioning and electrolyte balance of the diet on the performance of broiler chickens, as well as studying the effects of acute and chronic heat stress. On d 8, the broilers were transferred to 32 floor pens with wood shavings as litter while maintaining the same treatments with eight replicates each. The data from Exp. 1 (acute stress) and 2 (chronic stress) were combined in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement [with and without early thermal conditioning (ETC)]; diet with and without electrolyte balance (EB); and acute or chronic heat stress. The diet with EB was calculated as mEq/kg for Na+K-Cl and the value the ratio (K+Cl)/Na, with 300 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3:1, respectively. The birds were fed: (1) a traditional diet (176 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3.36:1) without ETC; (2) traditional diet with ETC; (3) diet with EB and without ETC and (4) diet with EB and ETC. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Half of birds were exposed to 36°C for 24h at the age of 5, whereas the remaining half was not exposed to ETC. At the age of 38 d, half chicks were thermally challenged by an acute heat stress of 36°C for 6h or at the age of 35 to 39 d, another half chicks were thermally challenged by a chronic heat stress of 32°C for 6h. Feed intake, body weight (BW), moisture of feces and abdominal fat deposition were determined at 46 d of age and adjusted feed conversion ratio was calculated by including BW of mortality. Trichromatic coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) were measured on the breast muscle at 24h. No interaction effects were found for any of the parameters evaluated. Thus, there is no synergism for any of the traits. There was expressive increase of mortality [(3.06 to 65.62%) / P<0.0001] from acute stress. The EB increased moisture of feces (P=0.0202). Lipid contents of abdominal tissues was affected by heat exposure with significantly decreased (P<0.0001) to chronic (53.9g) versus acute stress (127.5g). Also, a significant effect (P<0.0001) values higher was found in meat for acute (66.4 and 23.2) versus chronic stress (57.6 and 17.6) on L* and b*, respectively. The results suggest that birds submitted to acute stress are subject to pale poultry muscle syndrome.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 958288 bytes, checksum: 96e8f893e65870e14e2f18b157219114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of risk factors on exposure to WMSD workers in repetitive activities in the footwear sector. Therefore, we analyzed the data for 71 workplaces in the productive area of a shoe company which are characterized by having a defined task cycle, and had the index of exposure to WMSD upper limbs calculated through the OCRA method. Data analysis was accomplished using the exploratory data analysis of WMSD and construction of a Generalized Linear Model (GLM). This model identified the factors that influence the rate of exposure the most and made it possible to quantify the possible chance of raising this index when risk factors are present in the workplaces. The factor indicated as the most influential one was the "sudden movements" factor, the presence of this factor increases the chance of raising the level of exposure in 2.12 times more than when this factor is not present. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os fatores de risco e o índice de exposição a LER/DORT dos trabalhadores em atividades repetitivas no setor calçadista.Para tanto foram analisados dados referentes a 71 postos de trabalho da área produtiva de uma empresa calçadista que se caracterizam por possuir um ciclo de tarefa definido, e que tiveram calculados o índice de exposição a LER/DORT nos membros superiores através do método OCRA. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado através da análise exploratória dos dados de LER/DORT e da construção de um Modelo Linear Generalizado (MLG).Este modeloidentificou os fatores que mais influenciam o índice de exposição e possibilitouquantificar a chance de elevação deste índice quando os fatores de risco estão presentes nos postos de trabalho. O fator indicado como o mais influente foi o fator movimentos bruscos , a presença deste fator aumenta a chance de se elevar o índice de exposição em 2,12 vezes a mais do que quando este fator não está presente.

Orientador: Guilherme de Paula Nogueira / Cooientador: Garcia Neto, Manoel / Banca: Marcelo Vasconcelos Meireles / Banca: Antonio Celso Pezzato / Resumo: Dois experimentos envolvendo 1280 pintos machos Cobb 500, foram conduzidos para avaliar as possíveis interações entre condicionamento termo precoce e balanço eletrolítico da dieta sobre o desempenho de frangos de corte, bem como estudar os efeitos do estresse térmico agudo e crônico. No d 8, as aves foram transferidas para 32 boxes, com raspas de madeira e resíduo desidratado de acerola (proporção ½ a ½ ) como cama, mantendo os mesmos tratamentos com oito repetições cada. Os dados da Exp. 1 (stress agudo) e 2 (stress crónico) foram combinados num arranjo fatorial 2x2x2 (com e sem condicionamento térmico precoce (CTP); dieta com e sem equilíbrio eletrolítico (EE); e estresse térmico agudo ou crônico. A dieta com EE foi calculada como mEq / kg para a Na + K-Cl e o valor da relação (K + Cl) / Na, com 300 mEq / kg e uma proporção de 3: 1, respectivamente. As aves foram alimentadas com: (1) uma dieta tradicional (176 mEq / kg e a relação de 3,36: 1) sem CTP; (2) dieta tradicional com CTP; (3) dieta com EE e sem CTP e (4) dieta com EE e CTP. Ração e água foram fornecidas ad libitum. Metade das aves foram expostas a 36 °C durante 24 horas com a idade de 5, enquanto que a outra metade não foi exposto a CTP. Na idade de 38 d, metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiados por estresse térmico agudo de 36 °C durante 6h e com a idade de 35 a 39 d, outra metade dos pintos foram termicamente desafiado por um estresse térmico crônico de 32 °C por 6h. O consumo de ração, peso corporal (PC)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Two experiments involving 1280 male Cobb 500 chicks were conducted to evaluate the possible interactions between early thermal conditioning and electrolyte balance of the diet on the performance of broiler chickens, as well as studying the effects of acute and chronic heat stress. On d 8, the broilers were transferred to 32 floor pens with wood shavings as litter while maintaining the same treatments with eight replicates each. The data from Exp. 1 (acute stress) and 2 (chronic stress) were combined in a 2x2x2 factorial arrangement [with and without early thermal conditioning (ETC)]; diet with and without electrolyte balance (EB); and acute or chronic heat stress. The diet with EB was calculated as mEq/kg for Na+K-Cl and the value the ratio (K+Cl)/Na, with 300 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3:1, respectively. The birds were fed: (1) a traditional diet (176 mEq/kg and a ratio the 3.36:1) without ETC; (2) traditional diet with ETC; (3) diet with EB and without ETC and (4) diet with EB and ETC. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Half of birds were exposed to 36°C for 24h at the age of 5, whereas the remaining half was not exposed to ETC. At the age of 38 d, half chicks were thermally challenged by an acute heat stress of 36°C for 6h or at the age of 35 to 39 d, another half chicks were thermally challenged by a chronic heat stress of 32°C for 6h. Feed intake, body weight (BW), moisture of feces and abdominal fat deposition were determined at 46 d of age and adjusted feed conversio... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Mary Anne Heidi Dolder / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T21:18:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro_JulianaCastro_D.pdf: 3195959 bytes, checksum: df90aa1ceb6206d4b8d1a040083df0c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este estudo investigou os efeitos da infusão de Heteropterys aphrodisiaca no músculo esquelético, tendão e osso de ratos submetidos ao treinamento de endurance. Ratos Wistar machos foram agrupados da seguinte maneira: CS-controle sedentário, HS-H. aphrodisiaca sedentário, CT-controle treinado, HT-H. aphrodisiaca treinado. O protocolo de treinamento consistiu de corrida em esteira motorizada, cinco vezes por semana, com aumento semanal de velocidade e duração. Os animais dos grupos controle receberam água, enquanto HS e HT receberam infusão de H. aphrodisiaca, diariamente, por gavagem durante 8 semanas, correspondente ao período de treinamento. O sangue foi coletado para dosagem de testosterona. O músculo extensor longo dos dedos (EDL), tendão calcanear e a tíbia foram congelados para análises histoquímicas, bioquímicas, biomecânicas e para Western Blot, ou preservados em fixador Karnovsky, sendo posteriormente processados para análises morfométricas e estereológicas utilizando microscopia de luz e eletrônica. O conteúdo de hidroxiprolina, a tensão máxima e o módulo de elasticidade aumentaram (p<0,05) nos tendões dos animais do grupo HT. A atividade da metalopeptidase-2 foi reduzida significativamente nos tendões dos animais do grupo HT. A região de compressão dos tendões dos animais do grupo HT apresentou intensa metacromasia, o que sugere aumento na concentração de glicosaminoglicanos nessa região tendão. Foi observada intensa birrefringência nas regiões de tensão e compressão dos tendões dos animais do grupo HT, o que pode indicar maior nível de organização dos feixes de colágeno. Os níveis de testosterona plasmáticos e a concentração de receptores de andrógeno no músculo esquelético aumentaram significativamente nos animais do grupo HS. A área média de secção transversa das fibras musculares dos animais do grupo HT foi semelhante à área das fibras dos animais sedentários, e aumentou significativamente quando comparados com os animais do grupo CT. A vascularização intramuscular e a densidade volumétrica de mitocôndria foram significativamente maiores nos animais do grupo HT. Nenhuma alteração foi observada nos tipos de fibras musculares para todos os grupos. Os animais do grupo HT mostraram significativo aumento de força e tensão no limite elástico durante o teste biomecânico da tíbia. O conteúdo de colágeno e os dados morfométricos da tíbia não foram alterados nos diferentes grupos. A força e tensão máxima, rigidez e módulo de elasticidade da tíbia foram semelhantes em todos os grupos experimentais. As microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou aumento de lacunas e canais de Havers nos ossos dos animais treinados, além disso, os ósteons estavam mais desorganizados quando comparados com os ossos dos animais sedentários. Essas alterações podem indicar que os ossos dos animais treinados estavam sendo remodelados. Portanto, com oito semanas de treinamento não foi possível verificar alterações nas medidas morfométricas, composição e nas propriedades mecânicas (rigidez e módulo de elasticidade) dos ossos dos animais treinados e/ou tratados com a infusão da planta. Por outro lado, a associação do treinamento de endurance com H. aphorodisiaca resultou em tendões mais resistentes para suportar as altas cargas geradas pelas contradições musculares repetidas, aumentou a área de secção transversa das fibras musculares, a densidade volumétrica de mitocôndrias e a vascularização do músculo, assim, sugerindo um aumento da capacidade de endurance dos animais. / Abstract: This study investigated the effects of Heteropterys aphrodisiaca infusion on the skeletal muscle, tendon and bone of rats under endurance training. Male Wistar rats were grouped as follows: CS- control sedentary, HS- H. aphrodisiaca sedentary , CT-control trained, HT- H. aphrodisiaca trained. The training protocol consisted in running on a motorized treadmill, five times a week, with weekly increase in treadmill velocity and duration. Control groups received water while the HS and HT groups received H. aphrodisiaca infusion, daily, by gavage for the 8 weeks of training. The blood was collected for testosterone dosage. Extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, Achilles tendons and tibiae were frozen for histochemical, Western Blotting, biochemical and biomechanical analylis or preserved in Karnovsky's fixative, then processed for morphological analysis by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Biomechanical analysis showed significant increase (p<0.05) in maximum stress and modulus of elasticity of the tendons of the HT animal. The metalloproteinase-2 activity was reduced in the HT tendons. The compression region of tendons of HT animals had a stronger and more intense metachromasy, which suggests increase in glycosaminoglycan concentration in this region of the tendon. The most intense birefringence was observed in both compression and tesion regions of the tendon of HT animals, which may indicate a higher organizational level of collagen bundles. The tendon hidroxyproline content increased significantly is HS animals. The EDL mean cross-section area of HT group was similar to sedentary groups and increased significantly when compared with CT group. The intramuscular vascularization and mitochondria volume density were significantly greater in the HT group compared with other groups. No alterations were observed in the muscle fiber composition for all groups. The HT group showed significantly higher yield load and yield stress in the tibiae three-point bending test. The tibiae collagen content, morphometrical data were not significantly different for the four groups. The maximum load, stiffness, maximum stress and elastic modulus were statistically similar for all for the experimental groups. Scanning electron microscopy showed more lacunae and Havers canals in the bone of trained animals, moreover the osteons were more disorganized, when compared with sedentary groups. These alterations may indicate that the bone of trained animals was being remodeled. Possibly, the duration of training in this study was not sufficient to alter the bone morphometrical measurements, composition and mechanical properties (stiffness and modulus of elasticity) of the trained and treated animals. On the other hand, the association of endurance training with H. aphrodisiaca resulted in more resistant tendons to support high loads from repeated muscle contraction. Also, the association of H. aphrodisiacaI and the exercise protocol increased the mean area of muscle fiber, mitochondrial volume density and muscular vascularization , suggesting an increase of the endurance capacity of these animals. / Doutorado / Biologia Celular / Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Estudo farmacolÃgico do Ãleo essencial de Croton nepetaefolius Baill. sobre o mÃsculo liso traqueal e vascular e sobre as propriedades eletrofisiolÃgicas de neurÃnios fÃsicos de gÃnglio celÃaco. Pedro Jorge Caldas MagalhÃes, Tese de Doutorado em Farmacologia, UFC, 2002. Croton nepetaefolius Baill à um arbusto aromÃtico do Nordeste brasileiro, conhecido como âmarmeleiro sabiÃâ, utilizado na medicina popular como antiespasmÃdico e carminativo. Os principais constituintes do seu Ãleo essencial sÃo 1,8-cineol, metil-eugenol, xantoxilina e terpineol. Recentemente, demonstraram-se propriedades antiespasmÃdica intestinal, hipotensiva, antiinflamatÃria e analgÃsica para o Ãleo essencial do Croton nepetaefolius (OECN). Neste trabalho, caracterizamos os efeitos farmacolÃgicos do OECN sobre o mÃsculo liso respiratÃrio e vascular de rato e cobaio e sobre o funcionamento elÃtrico de neurÃnios de gÃnglio celÃaco de cobaio. Usamos preparaÃÃes in vitro de vasos sanguÃneos de ratos e cobaios machos (aorta e vasos mesentÃricos) e anÃis de traquÃia, mantidos em soluÃÃo nutridora, aerada, pH 7,4, a 37 oC, para registro isomÃtrico das contraÃÃes musculares. Usamos tambÃm gÃnglios celÃacos intactos de cobaios, mantidos em temperatura ambiente in vitro, para os registros eletrofisiolÃgicos pela tÃcnica do microeletrodo intracelular. In vivo, avaliamos as aÃÃes do OECN sobre a pressÃo arterial mÃdia e alguns parÃmetros cardÃacos, respiratÃrios e hematolÃgicos em ratos. O OECN (0,1 - 1000 microgrma/ml) relaxou o tÃnus basal (5 mM [K+]) e o tÃnus aumentado por K+ (60 mM) em traquÃia de cobaio, de maneira dependente de concentraÃÃo (CE50 de 4 e 63 micrograma/ml, respectivamente). Em tecidos de cobaios previamente sensibilizados, o OECN (300 e 600 micrograma/ml), reduziu a contraÃÃo induzida pela apresentaÃÃo do antÃgeno sensibilizante (ovalbumina). Na faixa de concentraÃÃo de 100 a 400 micrograma/ml, bloqueou as contraÃÃes induzidas por histamina e PGF2 alfa. O OECN inibiu as contraÃÃes induzidas por histamina, carbacol e KCl com CI50 na faixa de 100 - 130 micrograma/ml. Em aorta de rato e cobaio, relaxou a contraÃÃo induzida por 60 mM de K+ (CI50 de 32 e 200 micrograma/ml, respectivamente). Em rato, mas nÃo em cobaio, este relaxamento foi parcialmente inibido pela retirada do endotÃlio vascular ou pela adiÃÃo de 100 micrograma M de L-NAME. Em aorta de cobaio, o OECN inibiu as contraÃÃes independentes de Ca2+, induzidas por dibutirato de forbol e por K+ hiperosmolar na soluÃÃo nutridora. O OECN diminuiu preferencialmente a pressÃo arterial em ratos DOCA-sal do que em ratos nefrectomizados e, bloqueou mais potentemente as contraÃÃes induzidas pela fenilefrina em aorta de rato DOCA do que dos animais nefrectomizados. O OECN, metil-eugenol e terpineol, aumentam o fluxo de lÃquido pela circulaÃÃo mesentÃrica de rato, sendo este efeito parcialmente inibido pela presenÃa de L-NAME. Em nenhuma dessas preparaÃÃes o OECN produziu hiperpolarizaÃÃo do potencial transmembrana. Em neurÃnios fÃsicos de gÃnglio celÃaco de cobaio, o OECN diminuiu significativamente o aumento da excitabilidade produzido pela histamina sem alterar as propriedades passivas e ativas dos neurÃnios. Em conclusÃo, o OECN relaxa o mÃsculo liso das vias aÃreas, à um agente hipotensor e vasorelaxante e diminui a excitabilidade induzida por histamina em neurÃnios autonÃmicos. Seus efeitos sÃo, provavelmente, intracelulares ou mediados por proteÃna quinase C. / Croton nepetaefolius is an aromatic bush found in brazilian Northeast region, called âmarmeleiro sabiÃâ, and it is used in folk medicine as an antispasmodic and carminative agent. Its essential oil is comprised of 1,8-cineole, methyl-eugenol, xanthoxylin, terpineol and others constituents. Recent studies showed some pharmacological activities of the essential oil of Croton nepetaefolius (EOCN) as an intestinal antispasmodic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. Our aim in this work was to evaluate the effects of EOCN on airway and vascular smooth muscle and also on autonomic neurons. We used in vitro models of rat and guinea-pig isolated vessels and guinea-pig tracheal rings for isometric recording of the smooth muscle contractions. Guinea-pig celiac ganglion, was used for intracellular microelectrode recording of electricophysiological signals. Moreover, mean arterial pressure, cardiovascular, respiratory and hematologic parameters were measured in vivo in rats. EOCN (0,1 â 1000 microgram/ml) relaxed basal and K+-increased guinea-pig tracheal tonus (EC50 = 4 and 63 microgram/ml, respectively), in a concentratation-dependent manner. In ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig tissues, EOCN inhibited the antigen-induced contraction. EOCN (100 - 400 microgram/ml) blocked the histamine- and PGF2alpha -induced contractions. The contractions induced by histamine, carbacol and KCl were inhibited by EOCN with IC50s between 100-130 microgram/ml. In rat and guinea-pig aortic rings, EOCN relaxed the 60 mM K+-induced contractions (IC50 = 32 and 200 microgram/ml, respectively). Only in rat tissues, this EOCN-induced relaxation was partially inhibited by both L-NAME (100 microgram M) or endothelium lack. In guinea-pig aortic rings, EOCN inhibited the Ca2+-independent phorbol esther- and hyperosmotic K+- induced contractions. EOCN, preferably, diminished the mean arterial pressure and inhibited the aortic rings phenylephrine-induced contractions in DOCA-salt treated rats rather than uninephrectomized rats. Both EOCN, methyl-eugenol and terpineol increased the flow through rat mesenteric bed. This effect was partially blocked by L-NAME (50 microgram M). EOCN did not produce hyperpolarization of the transmembrane potential. In celiac ganglion phasic neurons, EOCN signicantly inhibited the histamine-induced increase of the neuronal excitability. In conclusion, EOCN is an airway smooth muscle relaxant, hypotensor and vasorelaxant agent, and it is a blocker of the stimulant histamine activity on autonomic neurons. Its effects are, probably, mediated by an intracellular action or protein C kinase modulation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:07:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Pryscilla Vanesa Rodrigues Goncalves.pdf: 875893 bytes, checksum: bbb773b536fd9ef053f64073f5420e44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-27 / The clinical manifestations of diseases of the locomotor system generates discomfort and pain, which can trigger lesions, the severity of which provides an abnormal distribution of weight, resulting in overloading joints, tendon and ligaments. Imaging studies are presented as a valuable tool to evaluate the degree of impairment of digital anatomical structures. The objectives of this study were carrying out a literature review on the applications of ultrasound in the distal ends of the locomotor limbs cattle and describe the sonographic anatomy of the structures that make up the metacarpo/ metarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, measuring the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) and deep (DDFT) of young cattle during three stages of growth. Were employed nine Nelore calves and seven Girolando. During 120 days, the animals were managed intensively, they were weighed and subjected to clinical, radiographic and ultrasound with eight, ten and twelve months. In the clinical evaluation of the 64 distal ends, it was found that 37 (57%) showed horizontal lines of stress. Radiography of the three moments revealed no bone lesions. The measures taken by ultrasonography cross-sectional thickness of the SDFT and thickness and width of DDFT were similar (p &#8805; 0.05) between the breeds, and SDFT for the minimum and maximum values observed for Nelore (lateral: M0 = 1.98 ± 0.24 mm, M2 = 2.83 ± 0.27 mm and medial M0 = 1.98 ± 0.20 mm, M2 = 2.66 ± 0.13 mm) and for Girolando (lateral: M0 = 1 , 97 ± 0.20 mm, M2 = 2.54 ± 0.14 mm and medial M0 = 1.90 ± 0.13 mm, M2 = 2.57 ± 0.12 mm). For DDFT the following minimum and maximum values observed for Nelore (lateral thickness: M0 = 5.53 ± 0.76 mm, M2 = 7.07 ± 0.36 mm/lateral width: M0 = 12.98 ± 1.18 mm; M2 = 15.33 ± 0.40 mm/medial thickness: M0 = 5.38 ± 0.68 mm, M2 = 7.21 ± 0.31 mm medial/width: M0 = 13.49 ± 1.10 mm, M2 = 15, 52 ± 0.50) and for Girolando (lateral thickness: M0 = 5.23 ± 0.78 mm, M2 = 6.93 ± 0.18 mm/lateral width: M0 = 12.57 ± 0.93 mm, M2 = 15 , 46 ± 0.46 mm/medial thickness: M0 = 4.70 ± 0.43 mm, M2 = 7.00 ± 0.37 mm medial/ width: M0 = 12.84 ± 0.98 mm, M2 = 15.28 ± 0 56). The structures visualized by ultrasound examination of the dorsum of the distal epiphysis of the metacarpus/ tarsus, were longitudinal growth plate, the condyles of the metacarpal/tarsal bones, joint capsule, common extensor tendon of the third finger and the joint space. In the interphalangeal region was observed the extensor tendon of the third finger and medial extensor, proximal, middle and distal phalanges and the joint space. In the palmar/plantar portion of metacarpal/ tarsophalangeana joint were observed the median and metatarsal plantar arteries, SDFT, DDFT, digital tendon sheaths, joint recesses and interosseous muscle. Distal to the dorsal region of dew claw was observed the annular digital distal ligament and in reversal of the positioning between the SDFT and DDFT. The sonographic characteristics observed on examination of the distal end of bovine Nelores and Girolandos aged between eight months and one year are indicated for satisfactory identification of these structures for cattle with similar characteristics, as well as measurements of thickness and width of the SDFT and DDFT values are reference to cattle of these ages. / As manifestações clínicas das doenças do sistema locomotor geram desconforto e dor, podendo desencadear lesões, cuja gravidade proporciona distribuição anormal de peso, resultando em sobrecarga articular, tendínea e ligamentosa. Os exames de imagem se apresentam como ferramenta valiosa para o conhecimento sólido do grau de comprometimento das estruturas anatômicas digitais. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho foram proceder uma revisão de literatura sobre as aplicações do exame ultrassonográfico nas extremidades distais dos membros locomotores de bovinos e descrever a anatomia ultrassonográfica das estruturas que compõem as articulações metacarpo/metarsofalângicas e interfalângicas, mensurando os tendões flexores digitais superficiais (TFDS) e profundos (TFDP) de bovinos jovens, durante três fases de crescimento. Empregaram-se nove bezerros da raça Nelore e sete da raça Girolando. Durante 120 dias, os animais foram manejados intensivamente, os mesmos foram pesados e submetidos aos exames clínico, radiográfico e ultrassonográfico com oito, 10 e 12 meses. Na avaliação clínica das 64 extremidades, verificou-se que 37 (57%) apresentaram linhas de estresse horizontais nos cascos. As radiografias três momentos não revelaram lesões ósseas. As medidas realizadas por meio da ultrassonografia em corte transversal da espessura dos TFDS e espessura e largura dos TFDP foram semelhantes (p&#8805;0,05) entre as raças, sendo para os TFDS os valores mínimos e máximos observados para Nelores (lateral: M0=1,98±0,24mm; M2=2,83±0,27mm e medial: M0=1,98±0,20mm; M2=2,66±0,13mm) e para os Girolandos (lateral: M0=1,97±0,20mm; M2=2,54±0,14mm e medial: M0=1,90±0,13mm; M2=2,57±0,12mm). Para os TFDP, os seguintes valores mínimos e máximos observados para os Nelores (lateral espessura: M0=5,53±0,76mm; M2=7,07±0,36mm/lateral largura: M0=12,98±1,18mm; M2=15,33±0,40mm/medial espessura: M0=5,38±0,68mm; M2=7,21±0,31mm/medial largura: M0=13,49±1,10mm; M2=15,52±0,50) e para os Girolandos (lateral espessura: M0=5,23±0,78mm; M2=6,93±0,18mm/lateral largura: M0=12,57±0,93mm; M2=15,46±0,46mm/medial espessura: M0=4,70±0,43mm; M2=7,00±0,37mm/ medial largura: M0=12,84±0,98mm; M2=15,28±0,56). As estruturas visibilizadas ao sonograma da região dorsal da epífise distal do metacarpo/tarso, em corte longitudinal foram placa de crescimento, cabeça do metacarpo/tarso, cápsula articular, tendão extensor comum dos dedos e cavidade articular. Nas articulações interfalângicas proximais foi observado o tendão extensor do dedo três e extensor digital lateral, falanges proximal, média e distal e cavidade articular. Na porção palmar/plantar da articulação metacarpo/tarsofalângicas foram observadas as artérias mediana e digital comum III, TFDS, TFDP, bainhas digitais tendíneas, recessos articulares e músculo interósseo. Na região dorsal, distal aos paradígitos se observou o ligamento anular digital distal e a inversão no posicionamento entre os TFDS e TFDP. As características sonográficas observadas ao exame da extremidade distal dos membros de bovinos Nelores e Girolandos com oito a 12 meses são indicadas para a identificação satisfatória destas estruturas, assim como as medidas de espessura e largura dos TFDS e TFDP são valores de referência para bovinos com estas idades.

Dans certaines conditions de vol, les aéronefs à voilure tournante souffrent parfois de l’émergence d’oscillations indésirables, phénomènes potentiellement instables connus sous le nom de Couplages Pilote-Aéronef aéroélastiques (CPA). Ces phénomènes affectent de manière critique la sécurité et la performance des aéronefs. Par conséquent, il est important d’être capable de prédire l’émergence de tels phénomènes dynamiques, le plus tôt possible dans le processus de conception des hélicoptères. Une revue de la littérature révèle que ces phénomènes sont le résultat d’interactions entre les comportements biodynamique du pilote et aéroélastique des hélicoptères. Afin d’avoir une plus grande modularité et granularité dans le processus de modélisation de systèmes complexes, une approche par bond graphs est adoptée. Un modèle aéromécanique d’hélicoptère et un modèle neuro-musculo-squelettique d’un des membres supérieurs du pilote sont développés en bond graphs. Parmi les représentations proposées, trois sont originales, notamment afin de modéliser : des efforts aérodynamiques quasi-statiques, la liaison traînée-battement-pas entre pale et moyeu rotor, et les efforts musculaires à partir d’un modèle de Hill qui tient compte d’une boucle de rétroaction neuromusculaire. Des résultats encourageants sont obtenus lorsque l’on compare la transmissibilité, entre l’angle de manche de pas cyclique imposé par le pilote et des accélérations latérales de la cabine, calculée à partir du modèle biodynamique, et à partir des résultats expérimentaux tirés de la littérature. Un modèle du système bioaéroélastique homme-machine est linéarisé, au voisinage d’un vol stationnaire, et analysé en termes de stabilité. L’étude révèle, comme conjecturé dans la littérature, que le mode régressif de traînée peut être déstabilisé. De plus, il apparaît que le mode progressif de traînée peut également être déstabilisé lors d’un CPA sur l’axe latéral-roulis. Un critère d’analyse de la stabilité d’un équilibre d’un système dynamique à partir d’un modèle linéaire limite la possibilité de prendre en compte certains comportements non-linéaires et donc réduit l’espace de conception. Les premières pierres vers une méthode basée sur des fonctions de Chetaev sont posées, afin de déterminer si l’équilibre d’un système dynamique est instable, directement à partir d’un modèle mathématique non-linéaire de grande dimension, à un coût de calcul potentiellement intéressant. Afin d’illustrer la pertinence de la proposition, le cas de la résonance sol d’un hélicoptère est présentée. / Under certain flight conditions, rotorcrafts might suffer from the emergence of undesirable oscillations, potentially unstable phenomena, known as aeroelastic Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings (RPCs). These phenomena critically affect the safety and performance of rotorcraft designs. Therefore, there is an important interest in being able to predict the emergence of such dynamic phenomena, as soon as possible during the design process of helicopters. A review of the state-of-the-art reveals that these phenomena are the result of interactions between pilots’ biodynamics and helicopters’ aeroelastic behaviors. In order to provide more modularity and granularity in the modeling of complex systems, a bond graph based approach is used. A helicopter aeromechanical model and a pilot upper limb neuromusculoskeletal model are developed using bond graphs. Three original bond graph representations are proposed, to model: quasi-steady aerodynamic forces, lag-flap-pitch joint at blades’ roots, and a Hill-type muscle force model that accounts for muscle reflexive feedback. Encouraging results are found when comparing the pilot biodynamic model transmissibility cyclic lever angle to lateral cockpit accelerations computations to literature experimental results. A linear model of the coupled human-machine bioaeroelastic system around hover is analyzed in terms of stability. It reveals not only the regressing lag mode, as conjectured in literature, but also the advancing lag mode can be destabilized during a lateral-roll aeroelastic RPC. Furthermore, a criterion to assess the stability of the equilibrium of a dynamic system from a linear model limits the possibility to take into account nonlinear physical behaviors, reducing the design space. The first blocks towards a method based on Chetaev functions is proposed, to determine if an equilibrium is unstable, directly from its large nonlinear mathematical model, at a potentially interesting computational cost. The helicopter ‘ground resonance’ case illustrates the soundness of the proposal.

Contexte : Le personnel non médical des Etablissements d’Hébergements pour Personnes Agées Dépendantes (EHPAD) est exposé à des contraintes physiques et psychiques élevées du fait de la prise en charge de résidents de plus en plus dépendants et polypathologiques. Notre démarche de recherche s’appuie sur le modèle de santé publique de Green et Kreuter. Il s’agit de préciser l’état de santé physique et psychique du personnel (diagnostic épidémiologique) et d’explorer les conditions de travail perçues par les salariés (diagnostic comportemental et environnemental). Matériels et Méthode : Une étude transversale a été menée par 78 médecins du travail auprès 2649 salariés (706 agents de service, 1565 agents de soins et 378 infirmiers) provenant de 105 maisons de retraite de la Région Rhône Alpes. Plusieurs questionnaires standardisés validés ont été utilisés pour recueillir des informations auprès des salariés. Les analyses statistiques ont été réalisées à partir du logiciel SAS, version 9.3. Résultats : Le personnel interrogé exprime un fort niveau de pénibilité et souhaite recevoir plus fréquemment une formation continue aux soins palliatifs. Il est fortement exposé aux contraintes psychosociales (efforts élevés, récompenses faibles, déséquilibre effort/récompense et surinvestissement). Les plaintes musculo-squelettiques du cou et des membres supérieurs et les signes de détresse psychique de ce personnel sont significativement liées à l’exposition aux contraintes psychosociales. Conclusions : La prochaine étape de recherche consisterait à établir le diagnostic éducationnel en précisant les facteurs organisationnels associés aux contraintes psychosociales de ce personnel / Background: Non-medical staff in nursing homes for the elderly are exposed to high levels of physical and psychological stress related to managing increasingly dependent residents with multiple pathologies. Our research approach is based on Green and Kreuter's public health model. This is intended to describe the physical and mental health (epidemiological diagnosis) and to explore working conditions as experienced by nursing home staff (behavioral and environmental diagnosis). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted by 78 occupational physicians on 2,649 employees (706 housekeepers, 1,565 nursing assistants and 378 nurses) in 105 nursing homes for the elderly in the Rhône-Alpes Region of France. Employee data were collected on several validated questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed on SAS software, version 9.3. Results: Respondents related elevated hardship and desired more continuous training in palliative care. They were highly exposed to psychosocial stress (strong effort, low reward, effort/reward imbalance, overcommitment). Neck and upper limb musculoskeletal complaints and signs of psychological distress were significantly associated with exposure to psychosocial stress. Conclusions: The next phase of the research plan should consist in establishing an educational diagnosis by assessing the organizational factors associated with psychosocial stress in nursing home staff