The presence of German immigrants - especially the German orphans of 1948, was a known phenomenon to the South African community during the 20th century. After the Second World War, South Africa’s economy developed rapidly and the skills shortage drew immigrants from all over the world. For Germans, South Africa became a prime destination. They were mostly welcomed with open arms. Many of them also played an important role in South African society. Knowledge regarding these Germans, especially those who immigrated between 1945 and 1980, is fading in the 21st century, a century of dramatic changes and challenges. It appears that very little is known with regard to the contribution these German immigrants made towards the development of South Africa and how they integrated into the South African community. Each immigrant brings his own identity, worldview and concepts of how institutions should function. They bridge national borders and entered a new society with its own identity, or in the case of South Africa, multi ethnic identities. The immigrants have to integrate and adapt to the new culture and ways, while they still retain their old cultures. In the process, they develop a new identity, a trans nationality. They influence their environment and the people they came into contact with. In the 1970‟s, it was especially the German historians who developed a new historiography, known as transnational history writing. After the Second World War, the relationships of the Germans and the French became intertwined in Europe. This necessitated a new approach to the communal coexistence of communities in a fast - changing Europe. Previously history was largely written within the context of the national state and within geographic borders. Now history was developing over national borders and people of different nations were starting to live shared lives. By making comparisons and emphasizing differences, a new theory and principles of transnationalism and trans nationality surfaced. This study approaches transnationalism from the context of a family history, with a biographical case study of a single citizen who emigrated from Germany to South Africa. The focus is on how Wolfgang Wehrmeyer was transplanted to a new country and how he developed a transnational identity. This biographical case study is incorporated into a prosopography with the personal experiences of fellow German immigrants in order to gain a comprehensive insight on trans nationality. The findings are analysed and synthesised to come to a comprehensive conclusion as to how German immigrants experienced transnationalism. The purpose of the study is to make a contribution to our knowledge of transnational historiography in South Africa, as well as to our knowledge about the German immigrants and their experiences.

The presence of German immigrants - especially the German orphans of 1948, was a known phenomenon to the South African community during the 20th century. After the Second World War, South Africa’s economy developed rapidly and the skills shortage drew immigrants from all over the world. For Germans, South Africa became a prime destination. They were mostly welcomed with open arms. Many of them also played an important role in South African society. Knowledge regarding these Germans, especially those who immigrated between 1945 and 1980, is fading in the 21st century, a century of dramatic changes and challenges. It appears that very little is known with regard to the contribution these German immigrants made towards the development of South Africa and how they integrated into the South African community. Each immigrant brings his own identity, worldview and concepts of how institutions should function. They bridge national borders and entered a new society with its own identity, or in the case of South Africa, multi ethnic identities. The immigrants have to integrate and adapt to the new culture and ways, while they still retain their old cultures. In the process, they develop a new identity, a trans nationality. They influence their environment and the people they came into contact with. In the 1970‟s, it was especially the German historians who developed a new historiography, known as transnational history writing. After the Second World War, the relationships of the Germans and the French became intertwined in Europe. This necessitated a new approach to the communal coexistence of communities in a fast - changing Europe. Previously history was largely written within the context of the national state and within geographic borders. Now history was developing over national borders and people of different nations were starting to live shared lives. By making comparisons and emphasizing differences, a new theory and principles of transnationalism and trans nationality surfaced. This study approaches transnationalism from the context of a family history, with a biographical case study of a single citizen who emigrated from Germany to South Africa. The focus is on how Wolfgang Wehrmeyer was transplanted to a new country and how he developed a transnational identity. This biographical case study is incorporated into a prosopography with the personal experiences of fellow German immigrants in order to gain a comprehensive insight on trans nationality. The findings are analysed and synthesised to come to a comprehensive conclusion as to how German immigrants experienced transnationalism. The purpose of the study is to make a contribution to our knowledge of transnational historiography in South Africa, as well as to our knowledge about the German immigrants and their experiences.

Meno kolektyvai yra sociokultūrinės aplinkos reiškiniai, kurių puoselėjimas ir išsaugojimas ypač ryškiai atspindi tautiškumą, jo koreguojamas nūdienos kultūros raidos tendencijas. Šiuo požiūriu meno kolektyvai svarbūs vertinant ir aplinkos kultūros raidą. Kitaip tariant, meno kolektyve atsispindi aplinkos kultūros ypatybės, tarp jų ir tautiškumo samprata. Tautoje, o multikultūrinėje aplinkoje ypač svarbu išvengti vertybių niveliacijos ir sudaryti palankias sąlygas kultūros savitumo puoselėjimui, išgryninimui. Puoselėjimo galimybės ypač ryškios ir aktualios meno kolektyve, kuris ir atspindi aplinkos kultūrą, ir ją veikia. Todėl tautiškumo puoselėjimas meno kolektyve kaip multikultūrinės aplinkos veiksnys yra aktuali pedagoginė problema. Tyrimo objektas – tautiškumo puoselėjimas meno kolektyve kaip multikultūrinės aplinkos veiksnys. Tyrimo tikslas – atskleisti tautiškumo puoselėjimą meno kolektyve kaip multikultūrinės aplinkos veiksnį. Tyrimas grindžiamas humanistine teorija, atspindinčia toleranciją ir pagarbą kultūrų įvairovei, raidai, tautinių bruožų puoselėjimui. Tyrimu atskleistas meno kolektyvo vaidmens puoselėjant tautiškumą multikultūrinėje aplinkoje modelis. Jis grindžiamas etninių grupių kolektyvų įvairove, meno kolektyvo savitumu, kutūrinių renginių sistema regione, asmens interesais meno kolektyve. Išskirtos multikultūrinių tendencijų meno kolektyve ypatybės, nacionalinės kultūros reikšmė sociokultūrinės integracijos procese. Atskleistos tautiškumo puoselėjimo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Art groups are phenomena of socio – cultural environment and their nurturance and preservation reflect nationality very clearly as well as tendencies of today’s cultural development. In this aspect, art groups are very important when evaluating the cultural development of particular environment. In other words, an art group reflects cultural features of the environment as well as the conception of nationality. In the nation, especially in the multicultural environment it is essential to avoid the leveling of values and to create openings for nurturing and purification of cultural distinction. The possibilities of purification are especially clear and actual inside the art group, which reflects and influences the culture of the environment. That is why the nurturance of nationality in the art group as a factor of multicultural environment is an actual pedagogical issue. The object of the research is the nurturance of nationality in the art group as a factor of multicultural environment. The aim of the research is to reveal the nurturance of nationality in the art group as a factor of multicultural environment. The research is based on the humanistic theory reflecting tolerance and respect towards the diversity of cultures, development, and nurturance of cultural features. The research displays the model of the role of art groups in nurturing nationality in multicultural environment. It is based on the diversity of ethnic groups, the distinction of an art group, the system of... [to full text]

Syftet är att undersöka hur personal arbetar med samverkan och hur vårdnadshavare i förskolans verksamhet  beskriver samverkan mellan hem och förskola i mångkulturella verksamheter. I förskolans läroplan (Lpfö98/2010) står det att förskolan ska ge vårdnadshavare delaktighet och inflytande i samspel med den individuella familjens behov. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning där vi har intervjuat personal och vårdnadshavare vad de tycker är betydelsefullt för en god samverkan. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av medvetna öppna frågor följt av följdfrågor. Resultaten har jämförts mellan personal och vårdnadshavare för att undersöka respektives perspektiv på samverkan. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att majoriteten av personal och vårdnadshavare har en klar bild av vad samverkan är för dem och gav under intervjuerna intressanta förslag på olika samverkansformer. I resultatet framkom det att den övergripande samverkansformen var den dagliga kontakten som verkade vara den mest uppskattade samverkansformen mellan hem och förskola. Undersökningen syftar till att kunna bidra till en praktisk kunskapsproduktion för personer som arbetar och vistas i en mångkulturell verksamhet. / The purpose of the study is to investigate how staff works with collaboration and how the caretakers describe the interaction between home and preschool on three multicultural activities. The purpose and research question is to find out how staff and caretakers relate to collaboration work in preschool. According to the revised curriculum (Lpfö98/2010) the pre-school should provide caretakers involvement and influence in interaction with the individual family needs. We have through qualitative interviews asked staff and caretakers what they think is important for a good collaboration. The survey was conducted by means of conscious open-ended questions followed by supplementary questions. The results between staff and caretakers have been compared to take part of both staff and caretakers perspectives on collaboration. The results of the survey show that the majority of staff and caretakers have a clear picture of what collaboration is for them and gave during the interviews interesting proposals on forms of collaboration and what it means for them. The result showed that the overall form of cooperation was the daily contact that proved to be the most valued form of cooperation between home and preschool. Participants in the survey said that the daily contact was the most important because it was seen as a quick and easy way to be able to both give and receive information on the individual child's stay in preschool. The study aims to contribute to a practical knowledge production for people who work and participate in the multicultural activities. / <p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>

The dynamic interpretation of EU citizenship as a 'fundamental status of all Member State nationals' has opened the door for more horizontal conceptions of equality in European Union law. At the same time, the meaning and purpose of equal treatment in the case of economically inactive and dependent EU citizens has remained ambiguous. The objective of this study is to clarify what normative justifications, other than to eradicate the obstacles to the internal market, can be offered for more just and equal relationships between EU citizens within the existing constitutional order of the EU. What defines EU citizenship as an equal status is how those individuals who hold this status are treated in relation to one another. The thesis discusses in detail how the rationale for discrimination analysis under Article 18 TFEU has changed in parallel with the evolution of EU citizenship. The question of how unlawful discrimination differs from legitimate differential treatment under the so-called 'real link' case law leads to a more theoretical question of what philosophical justifications underlie the EU principle of equality. The democratic theory of equality is used to support the argument that the current bias in favour of 'activity' at the expense of ‘status’ in EU equality law is rooted in a narrow and individualistic view of agency. The thesis, then, argues that recognizing the inherent connection between EU citizens' agency and their subjectivity can provide a justification for a more relational conception of equality even in the absence of a full democratic pedigree in EU law. This analysis contributes a perspective which is usually not there by examining how EU citizenship can benefit from the psycho-dynamic theories of subjectivity that underlie the feminist critique of 'citizenship as agency'.

This paper examines the effect of executive board-level national culture and board nationality diversity on corporate social performance (CSP). The sample constitutes of 130 executive boards of non-financial firms from Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK over the time period 2010-2014. Based on the upper echelon theory and the notion of national culture, board-level national culture is determined across Hofstede’s dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity and power distance. In this paper, no evidence is provided of a significant relationship between board-level national culture and the corporate social performance of the firm. In addition, nationality diversity as a double-edged sword could both enhance and hamper CSP. In this research, no significant relationship between board nationality diversity and CSP is found. In conclusion, alterations of the board composition in terms of nationality in order to foster CSP seem unjustified based on the results of this paper.

The film representation of the Sámi people has evolved during the last century from the ethnographic portrayals that reproduce a romantic stereotype of the good savages, to feature and documentary films that discuss the Sámi identity and its colonial history. In recent years a new generation of Sámi and Swedish documentary directors have focused their work on analysing the impact that multiple structures of power actually have in the production of the Sámi identity and culture. In this research I explore the intersections of such structures in the documentary road movies Sámi Daughter Yoik (2007) by the Sámi-Swedish director Liselotte Wajstedt, and The Only Image of My Father (2004) by the Swedish director Kine Boman. The main purpose of the research is to examine the discussions of identity that these films propose and to analyse the strategies with which the directors question the simplistic representation of the Sámi people. Based on the postcolonial and intersectional perspectives, the text offers a critique of the discourses of authenticity that confine the Sámi identity into the frame of ethnicity. The study gives special attention to the different layers that the directors' identities involve and their role in the construction of alternative representations of the Sámi people. A relevant finding is that the directors have succeeded in representing the Sámi people as complex and heterogeneous, helped by their choices on genre, authorship and their own approach to identity as a performative, multidimensional and dynamic process.

Thesis advisor: Ali Banuazizi / Thesis advisor: Sarah Babb / This dissertation focuses on the intersection of global and indigenous advocacy strategies in feminist women&rsquo;s movements in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). I explore strategies of resistance and innovation in three contexts: (1) Globally, I analyze a sample of MENA NGOs in a transnational women&rsquo;s rights network, Women&rsquo;s Learning Partnership (WLP) and their interactions in the international funding sphere; (2) Domestically, I examine a local Moroccan NGO&rsquo;s strategy development process and their domestic and regional partnerships when organizing to reform the Moudawana (1999-2004); and (3) Regionally, I analyze inter-organizational collaboration and coalition building between three NGOs in the Campaign to Reform Arab Women&rsquo;s Nationality (2001-2008). I locate the dissertation in a feminist activist framework and draw from diverse data sources, including years of fieldwork with WLP (2004-2008); participant observation and notes from five transnational women&rsquo;s rights meetings (2005-2008); a content analysis of a sample of international funders&rsquo; and MENA feminist NGOs&rsquo; websites; and two in-depth case studies with data derived from historical analysis, three months of fieldwork in Morocco, interviews with Moroccan, Lebanese, and regional activists, and secondary document analysis. The findings provide deeper clarity into the strategic action of MENA feminist movements and the variety of social, political, and economic forces that shape their discourses and practices for achieving social change and gender equality. The findings contribute to the scholarly literature on transnational feminism and social movements and its intersection with the law. / Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology. / Discipline: Psychology.

A presente pesquisa visa uma análise aprofundada da cooperação jurídica internacional no campo da adoção internacional, bem como um estudo sobre os efeitos deste tipo de adoção na nacionalidade da pessoa adotada. Pesquisar os procedimentos e regras que compõe o arcabouço jurídico da cooperação internacional em matéria de adoção, e verificar como Brasil e Japão realizam a integração desta pessoa legalmente em seus sistemas jurídicos. É cada vez mais crescente o número de refugiados em países em constantes crises humanitárias e onde crianças morrem diariamente por motivos como a inanição, doenças sem tratamento e como vítimas de guerras civis intermináveis. A adoção internacional é, portanto, um dos instrumentos internacionais e humanitários que permite a aproximação de casais que buscam constituir ou ampliar uma família, e crianças espalhadas pelo mundo desejosas para terem um lar e uma família, é a aplicação da cooperação jurídica internacional em prol da solidariedade. Diretamente relacionado com o instituto da adoção internacional, a preocupação de qual será a nacionalidade que o adotado terá após a decisão que concederá a adoção em definitivo. Esta análise se torna relevante, pois a pessoa adotada após todos os procedimentos legais da adoção passará a responder e a viver em um novo universo jurídico, com deveres e direitos novos para ela. Fica a preocupação de se os direitos e deveres dessa pessoa serão os mesmos que os demais nacionais do país que a acolheu. / This research aims at a deep analysis of international legal cooperation in the field of international adoption, as well as a study on the effects of this type of adoption at the nationality of the adopted person Research the procedures and rules that make up the legal framework for international cooperation in the field of adoption, and see how Brazil and Japan do the lawfully integration of the person in their legal systems. It is increasingly growing number of refugees in countries listed in humanitarian crises and where children die daily for reasons like starvation, disease and without treatment as victims of endless civil wars International adoption is therefore an international, humanitarian approach which allows couples seeking establish or expand a family, and children scattered around the world willing to have a home and a family, is the application of international legal cooperation for solidarity. Directly related to the institution of international adoption, which will be the concern of the nationality that have adopted after the decision to grant final adoption This analysis is relevant because the adopted person after all legal procedures of adoption will respond and live in a new legal universe, with new rights and duties for her Is the concern about the rights and duties of that person, and if, this rights and duties will be the same as other nationals of the country that welcomed that person

Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa que trata da atuação de imigrantes no Conselho Participativo Municipal de São Paulo, refletindo sobre participação política de migrantes internacionais a luz de uma problemática que revela algumas das limitações da congruência construída entre nacionalidade e cidadania. O estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a atuação dos conselheiros imigrantes no Conselho Participativo Municipal, procurando compreender como se articulam termos como cidadania e nacionalidade, a partir da experiência inédita na qual imigrantes puderam tomar parte, como votantes e votados, em uma eleição no Brasil. A construção teórica se apoia especialmente na literatura sobre cidadania e nacionalidade no contexto do Estado-nação, cidadania e migrações internacionais e em estudos sobre conselhos participativos. O principal instrumento utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados nove conselheiros municipais imigrantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas com uso de mapas dialógicos, organizados em categorias analíticas, que possibilitaram delinear os sentidos da participação no Conselho. As categorias levantadas foram: Experiência no Conselho Participativo Municipal, Vidas em movimento e Cidadania migrante. Os resultados evidenciam as consequências simbólicas e práticas da ausência do direito ao voto e as perspectivas dos imigrantes sobre a experiência no Conselho, participação política e cidadania / The qualitative study about immigrants in the Municipal Participatory Council of São Paulo debates political participation of international immigrants revealing some of the limitations of the congruence built between nationality and citizenship. The study was developed proposing the analysis of immigrant councilors participation the Municipal Participatory Council, seeking to understand how terms such as citizenship and nationality are articulated, based on the unprecedented experience in which immigrants took part, as voters and candidates, in an election in Brazil. The theoretical construction relies especially on the literature on citizenship and nationality in the context of the nation-state, citizenship and international migrations and in studies on participatory councils. The main instrument was the semi-structured interview. Nine immigrants councilors were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using dialogical maps, organized in analytical categories that allowed to delineate the meanings of the participation in the Council. The categories were: Experience in the Municipal Participatory Council, Lives in Movement and Migrant Citizenship. The results show the symbolic and practical consequences of the absence of the right to vote and the perspectives of the immigrants on the experience in the Council, political participation and citizenship