Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T19:24:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Maira_Moura.pdf: 30957776 bytes, checksum: e0ff4cced3cbe165233684b6434e4ce9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-06-18T19:47:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Maira_Moura.pdf: 30957776 bytes, checksum: e0ff4cced3cbe165233684b6434e4ce9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T19:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Maira_Moura.pdf: 30957776 bytes, checksum: e0ff4cced3cbe165233684b6434e4ce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / A água é um recurso natural indispensável à vida e primordial ao desenvolvimento econômico de uma região. Devido às mudanças climáticas, associadas às ações antrópicas e ao crescimento populacional, a ocorrência de problemas relacionados a cheias em bacias hidrográficas tem aumentado. O estudo de cheias em bacias hidrográficas permite a quantificação da magnitude das vazões de pico e do hidrograma de escoamento superficial direto oriundos de um ou mais eventos de chuva. No entanto, tais estimativas dependem de dados de séries históricas, o que pode ser problemático nos países em desenvolvimento devido a existência de um número insuficiente de seções com monitoramento fluviométrico, tornando a modelagem hidrológica de cheias uma ferramenta imprescindível. Diferentes métodos para estimativa de cheias vêm sendo apresentadas e utilizadas na literatura, com destaque para a do Hidrograma Unitário (HU), a do Hidrograma Unitário Instantâneo (HUI) e a do Hidrograma Unitário Instantâneo Geomorfológico (HUIG). Um modelo de HUI amplamente utilizados é o de Nash (HUIN), para o qual diversas propostas geomorfológicas vêm sendo desenvolvidas, estabelecendo relações para seus parâmetros a partir da caracterização física da bacia hidrográfica e da rede de drenagem. Durante a caracterização de bacias hidrográficas em softwares de geoprocessamento, a principal informação é a do relevo, obtida a partir de um Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE), que pode ser obtido a partir de cartas topográficas, ou de imagens de radar (ex. SRTM) e sensor (ex. ASTER). O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade e confiabilidade de diferentes fontes e escalas de informação do relevo visando à modelagem de cheias através do modelo de HUIN fundamentado em parâmetros geomorfológicos, tomando como base cinco bacias hidrográficas experimentais de diferentes características fisiográficas e dotadas de monitoramento hidrológico. Os MDEs utilizados foram obtidos de cartas topográficas na escala 1:50.000, de imagens SRTM com 30m e 90m, de imagens do banco de dados TOPODATA, de imagens ASTER, e somente para a menor bacia, de dados de um levantamento planialtimétrico. Foram selecionadas quatro propostas geomorfológicas para o HUIN, sendo duas delas baseadas na teoria do HUIG, e as outras duas em estudos empíricos realizados em diferentes bacias hidrográficas. Com base nos resultados obtidos para as bacias analisadas, as principais conclusões deste estudo foram: a) os parâmetros mais impactados pela fonte e escala da informação do relevo são a declividade do curso d’água principal e as razões de Horton e de Schumm; b) as bacias planas são mais suscetíveis a erros altimétricos e estes aumentam conforme a área da bacia diminui; c) não é possível observar uma combinação de proposta-MDE que descreva melhor ou pior o conjunto de bacias analisadas, nem levando em consideração a declividade, nem o tamanho da área das bacias; d) as propostas geomorfológicas que não dependem de informação da velocidade do escoamento apresentaram bons resultados em relação as baseadas na teoria do HUIG; e) a combinação de diferentes propostas permite estimar de forma satisfatória o comportamento do hidrograma de escoamento superficial direto e o tempo e a vazão de pico nas bacias estudadas. / Water is a natural resource indispensible to life and essential to regional economic development. Due to climate change, anthropic interferences, and rapid population growth, the occurrence of flood-related natural hazards in watersheds has increased. Watershed flood-related studies allow the estimation of peak streamflow and direct surface runoff hydrograph resulting from single or multiple rainfall events. However, such estimations are directly dependent on existing streamflow historical series, which might be troublesome in developing countries due to the lack of streamflow gauging stations. In this context, indirect flood estimation methods stand out. Among the different flood estimation methods presented in the literature, the Unit Hydrograph (UH), Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH), and Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) have caught researchers’ attention. The Nash’s IUH (NIUH) is one of the most widely used IUH models. Several geomorphological approaches have been developed for NIUH, thus relating its parameters to watershed and drainage network physical characteristics. During the characterization of watersheds in geoprocessing softwares, the main information is that of relief obtained from a Digital Elevation Model (MDE) which can be obtained from topographic maps or from radar images (e.g. SRTM) and sensor images (e.g. ASTER). The main objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability and reliability of different relief data sources and scales for determination of geomorphological parameters required to estimate floods from NIUH. This study took into account data sets from five experimental watersheds with different physiographical characteristics, which have hydrological monitoring. The DEMs analysed in this study were obtained from topographical maps in the 1:50,000 scale, SRTM images with 30 and 90-meter spatial resolution, TOPODATA database, ASTER images. For the smallest watershed, an in situ topographic survey was also carried out for DEM derivation. Four geomorphological approaches for the NIUH were selected; two of them were based on the GIUH theory, whereas, the others were adjusted from empirical studies conducted in different watersheds. Based on the results obtained for the analysed watersheds, the main conclusions were: a) the main watercourse’s slope and Horton’s and Schumm’s ratios are the most sensitive parameters to relief data sources and scales; b) flat watersheds are the most susceptible to altimetry errors, which increase as the watershed area decreases; c) it is not possible to identify any combinations of geomorphological approach-DEM that better or worse describe all the analyzed watersheds when assessing watershed slope or drainage area independently; d) the geomorphological approaches which do not depend on streamflow speed information presented satisfactory results when compared to those based on GIUH theory; and e) the combination of different approaches enables to satisfactorily estimate the behavior of direct surface runoff hydrographs and their peak streamflow and time in all the considered watersheds.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-13T17:26:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavoclaudianomartins.pdf: 2268990 bytes, checksum: 3af6cbda5f5e456a9df5be3a1e831072 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T21:17:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavoclaudianomartins.pdf: 2268990 bytes, checksum: 3af6cbda5f5e456a9df5be3a1e831072 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T21:17:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gustavoclaudianomartins.pdf: 2268990 bytes, checksum: 3af6cbda5f5e456a9df5be3a1e831072 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a experiência religiosa das vítimas da catástrofe natural ocorrida na região serrana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, em 2011. Para tanto, parte-se do convívio do pesquisador com as vítimas desde a época da tragédia e também de entrevistas realizadas com cinco delas, que perderam parentes, amigos e bens materiais. Assim, observamos as percepções sobre o fenômeno natural, mas sobretudo nos deparamos com a religiosidade que emerge no contexto do caos instaurado, das perdas e sofrimentos. Busca-se compreender a religião, como questão de sentido de vida, que conduz os indivíduos por uma outra realidade possível, apesar da fatalidade e da brutalidade da tragédia. A religião se apresenta no desejo e nostalgia por um paraíso eterno que produz esperança e força, e encoraja o ser humano a assumir a responsabilidade pela sua vida e pela dos outros. Desse modo, a pesquisa visa compreender os processos de significação religiosa de vítimas de catástrofes naturais. / This research aims to examine the religious experience of victims of the natural disaster in the Rio de Janeiro State mountainous region, in 2011. It is based on the researcher's contact with the victims since the tragedy time and also on interviews with five of them, who have lost relatives, friends and possessions. Thereby, we observed perceptions about the natural phenomenon, but above all we faced a religiosity that emerges in a context of chaos, loss and suffering. This research tries to understand religion as a matter of meaning of life, which leads individuals to another possible reality, despite the fatality and brutality of the tragedy. Religion appears in the desire and nostalgia for an eternal paradise that produces hope and strength, and encourages the human being to take responsibility for his/her life and for the life of others. Therefore, the research aims to understand the processes of religious significance of victims of natural disasters.

Orientador: Ricardo Luiz Coltro Antunes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T13:01:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Seguy_Franck_D.pdf: 12325038 bytes, checksum: 5a8200079f0b441c718672de85637ef1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Esta tese apresenta uma análise da formação social haitiana no contexto do terremoto que abalou o país, no dia 12 de janeiro de 2010. Partindo das promessas de reconstrução do país e das políticas implementadas pela Internacional Comunitária, a tese procura mostrar que, na verdade, está vigorando no Haiti atualmente uma realidade de tipo colonial, qual, à luz do que já estava acontecendo no país, deixa tudo encaminhado para que apenas as estruturas cujo papel é administrar essa ordem de condenação à precariedade sejam (re)construídas pela ajuda internacional. Para tal demonstrar, a tese procura desvelar as raízes históricas das relações internacionais no Haiti tentando reconstituir o processo e analisar as condições pelas quais se operou o deslizamento do país na tamanha degradação e desumanização da vida das quais padece hoje. Num segundo momento, a pesquisa busca estudar as raízes ontológico-filosóficas desse estado de coisas, examinando principalmente a categoria de modernidade e seu papel na estruturação da sociedade haitiana, realçando principalmente seu lado camuflado ¿ o lado colonial, explorador, como outra parte constitutiva de seu projeto civilizatório dito emancipador. Desta maneira, o estudo estabelece a participação da chamada Comunidade internacional na construção sócio-histórica da catástrofe de janeiro de 2010 que afundou ainda mais as trabalhadoras e os trabalhadores haitianos na mais desumana precariedade imposta, entretanto, como norma de existência. A partir desse ângulo de visão, é argumentado nesta tese que o desastre de 2010 merece ser inscrito no continuum do que é o Haiti: uma anomalia histórica impensável no âmbito do pensamento moderno/colonial/escravista ocidental, uma vez que o Haiti representa o único exemplo na Historia de um povo escravizado que rompeu com os suas correntes e forçou pelas armas uma grande potência colonial/moderna a recuar / Abstract: This thesis presents an analysis of the Haitian social formation in the context of the earthquake that rocked the country on January 12, 2010. Based on the promises of reconstruction and the policies implemented by the International Communitary, the thesis seeks to show that, in fact, is currently in force in Haiti a colonial type of reality, which, in light of what was already happening in the country, lets all routed so that only those structures whose role is to administer this order of condemnation of precariousness may be (re)constructed through international aid. To demonstrate this, the thesis seeks to reveal the historical roots of international relations in Haiti trying to reconstruct the process and analyze the conditions under which has been operated a sliding of the country in such degradation and dehumanization of life which suffers today. In the same purpose, the research seeks to study the ontological-philosophical roots of this state of things, mainly examining the category of modernity and its role in the structuring of Haitian society, particularly highlighting his camouflaged side ¿ the colonial one, explorer, as another constituent part of its civilizing project, called emancipator. Thus, the study establishes the participation of the international communitary called on the socio-historical construction of the January 2010 disaster that sank even more Haitian workers in the most inhuman precariousness imposed, however, as standard of their existence. From this angle of view, it is argued in this thesis that the 2010 disaster should be entered in the continuum that is Haiti: an unthinkable historical anomaly in the context of modern/colonial/western slavery thought, since Haiti is the only example in history of an enslaved people who broke with his chains and forced by arms a great modern/colonial power to retreat / Doutorado / Sociologia / Doutor em Sociologia

Orientador: Arlêude Bortolozzi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T23:32:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berenguel_OrlandoLeonardo_D.pdf: 7205307 bytes, checksum: 9c3e6f69a2b881a24b2f3e661baf7a46 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Os chamados desastres naturais, se por um lado são acontecimentos que se associam aos efeitos das mudanças ambientais, por outro, e de forma mais frequente, dizem respeito à administração pública. Resultantes de decisões falhas, insuficientes ou inadequadas, quando da ocorrência desses eventos. Assim sendo, esta pesquisa tem origem na constatação do aumento dos desastres causados pelas enchentes no Brasil e na necessidade de analisar as políticas públicas instituídas para o enfrentamento dessas questões no país. O estudo parte do avanço da urbanização desordenada, característica comum das cidades brasileiras e do aumento das chuvas, que deflagram desastres que acabam por expor o modelo socioespacial segregacionista e excludente do território brasileiro. O Sistema Nacional de Defesa Civil - SINDEC configura-se como uma macrodiretriz de abrangência territorial federal que organiza e orienta as ações de defesa civil, as quais devem ser providas pelos estados e municípios brasileiros. Esse Sistema é apresentado pela Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Civil como um eixo condutor para ações de prevenção, preparo e socorro em situações de emergência. Dentre suas atribuições, destaca-se o trabalho empreendido para o enfrentamento e redução dos impactos das enchentes nos municípios. Esta tese dedicou-se a analisar as relações, influências e interseções do SINDEC no caso do Município de Capivari - SP. A pesquisa utilizou documentos oficiais publicados pelo Ministério da Integração Social, da Secretaria Nacional de Defesa Civil, documento oficial da administração pública local entrevista com os moradores e representantes do poder público. Também buscaram entrecruzar as contribuições do SINDEC no planejamento das ações que resultaram na remoção de famílias que habitavam áreas vulneráveis nos bairros pesquisados. O resultado da pesquisa demonstrou que todo o aparato organogramático e organizativo proposto pelo SINDEC só poderá ser efetivo se houver uma atuação dos órgãos de defesa civil na escala local. É a dimensão humana da atuação do SINDEC na escala municipal que poderá ser o elo integrador na busca de uma gestão integrada do território para as questões das enchentes urbanas / Abstract: The natural disasters are events associated with the effects of environmental changes but it relates to public administration. Insufficient and inadequate decisions result in failure in the event of a natural disaster. This is the main point of study in this thesis. Thus, this research is based on the observation of the increased number of disasters caused by floods in Brazil and the need to analyze public policies instituted to face these issues. The increase of rainfall which cause disasters that ultimately expose the socio segregationist and exclusionary model of the Brazilian territory, along with the sprawling of unplanned urbanization are the initial points of this thesis. The National System of Civil Defense - SINDEC configures itself as a territorial scope of federal rules that organize and guide the actions of civil defense, which should be provided by the states and municipalities. This system is presented by the National Civil Defense as a driving force for prevention, preparedness and relief in emergency situations. Among its responsibilities, we highlight the work undertaken to confront and reduce the impact of floods in municipalities. This thesis is devoted to analyze the relationships, influences and intersections of SINDEC in the Municipality of Capivari - SP. The research was based on official documents published by the Ministry of Social Integration, National Secretariat of Civil Defense, official documents of the local public administration, interviews with residents and government representatives. It also highlights the contributions of SINDEC in planning the removal of families living in vulnerable surveyed areas. The research results showed that the apparatus proposed by SINDEC's organizational chart can only be effective if the civil defense agencies would act on a local scale. It is the effectiveness of the human element at SINDEC at the municipal level that may be the link in search of the integrated management of urban flooding issues / Doutorado / Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial / Doutor em Ciências

This study investigates the temporal, spatial and impact characteristics of severe convective storm hazard and risk in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Using historical data on severe convective storms dating from 1897, patterns of the hazard threat and risk to various geographic populations were investigated. A conceptual framework that emphasises the combined role hazard and vulnerability play in defining risk was used for the study. A methodology for ranking the severity of the storms in the historical dataset, based on recorded damage/impact, was specifically developed for the study. It is intended that this methodology will have a potentially wider application and may be adapted to a range of hazard impact and risk studies in South Africa and internationally. The study was undertaken within the context of the South African Disaster Management Act of 2002. Findings of the study show that severe convective storms can occur throughout the province, but there are clearly demarcated areas of higher frequency and concentration. The impact of storms is particularly severe on impoverished and vulnerable rural populations in the eastern parts of the province, where there is an urgent need for building capacity in disaster risk management. A major outcome of the study is the production of a severe convective storm hazard/risk map of the Eastern Cape, which it is hoped will be of benefit to a number of stakeholders in the province, particularly disaster management, but also the South African Weather Service, agricultural organisations, development/planning authorities, educational authorities and risk insurers. It is hoped that this map and the study in general will assist in guiding the operational responses of the various authorities, especially in terms of those interventions aimed at disaster risk reduction in the Eastern Cape.

There is near unanimous agreement in the scientific community that global mean temperatures will increase by several degrees Celsius by the end of the century. This could lead to dramatic consequences, especially for the poor in the developing world. In many countries climate change will manifest itself through reduced rainfall, greater temperature variability, a rise in sea levels, and a higher frequency of weather shocks. These effects constitute threats to people’s ability to continue to live where they are living today, and more generally to their economic security, and may lead to higher levels of migration away from areas vulnerable to climate change.While environmental change may lead to an increase in migration, in most cases it may not be feasible to identify pure environmental migrants because of the complexity of the push and pull factors involved. The aim of this dissertation is to assess the extent to which households are vulnerable today to environmental change and weather shocks in selected areas of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and in South Asia’s Sundarbans, whether households are able to cope with weather shocks and adapt to changing environmental conditions, and whether climatic conditions and weather shocks are leading to higher rates of migration. The dissertation relies in large part on the analysis of new households surveys recently implemented in areas affected by weather shocks and changing climatic conditions in seven countries: Algeria, Bangladesh, Egypt, India, Morocco, Syria, and Yemen. While the MENA countries are affected mostly by droughts, and to a lower extent floods, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India are affected by cyclones, sea water surges, and salinity intrusions. The ways in which households are affected by extreme weather events are very different in the MENA and South Asia regions. Yet as the dissertation demonstrates, while circumstances and contexts differ between the two sets of countries, many of the findings are actually similar in both regions. The first part of the dissertation provides background for the empirical work. After a review of the literature, a set of 10 questions are asked together with hypotheses to be tested. The second part of the dissertation provides the empirical results, with three chapters focusing on (1) household perceptions about their environment and the impact of weather shocks on households; (2) the coping mechanisms and adaptation strategies deployed by households; and (3) migration decisions, in most cases by individual household members. The findings from the dissertation suggest that individuals from households more seriously and negatively affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment are slightly more likely to migrate temporarily, but not permanently. This is possibly due to the cost of migration and the fact that environmental change and weather shocks may result in large losses in income and assets for vulnerable groups, making migration less affordable for them. Thus, some population groups may well be in a situation of "relative trappedness" in comparison to other households less affected by weather shocks and changes in their environment._____________La communauté scientifique est quasi unanime sur le fait que les températures mondiales moyennes devraient augmenter de plusieurs degrés Celsius d'ici la fin du siècle. Cela pourrait avoir des conséquences dramatiques pour les populations, en particulier pour les pauvres dans les pays en voie de développement. Dans de nombreux pays le changement climatique va se manifester par une diminution des précipitations, une plus grande variabilité de la température, une élévation du niveau de la mer, et une fréquence plus élevée des chocs climatiques. Ces effets constituent des menaces pour la capacité des populations de continuer à vivre là où elles vivent aujourd'hui, ce qui pourrait par conséquent entraîner des mouvements migratoires importants.Cependant, même si les chocs climatiques pourraient mener à une augmentation de la migration, dans la plupart des cas il n’est pas possible d'identifier des migrants environnementaux dits purs en raison de la complexité des facteurs influençant la migration. Dans ce contexte, l'objectif de la thèse est triple. La thèse cherche à évaluer (1) dans quelle mesure les ménages sont vulnérables aujourd'hui aux changements environnementaux et aux chocs climatiques dans certaines régions de l'Afrique du Nord, du Moyen-Orient, et de l’Asie du Sud (Sundarbans) ;(2) si les ménages sont en mesure de faire face aux chocs climatiques, et (3) si les conditions environnementales et les chocs climatiques conduisent à des taux de migration plus élevés parmi les membres des ménages les plus affectés comparativement aux ménages moins affectés. La thèse repose en partie sur une analyse de nouvelles données d’enquêtes auprès des ménages mises en œuvre dans des zones touchées par les chocs climatiques dans sept pays :l’Algérie, le Bangladesh, l’Egypte, l’Inde, le Maroc, la Syrie et le Yémen. Alors que les pays du Moyen Orient et d’Afrique du Nord sont touchés principalement par des sécheresses, et dans une moindre mesure par des inondations, la zone géographique dite des Sundarbans au Bangladesh et en Inde est touchée principalement par des cyclones.Bien que les chocs climatiques dans les deux régions soient différents, la thèse montre que les implications pour les ménages sont similaires. Les groupes vulnérables sont fortement et négativement affectés par les chocs climatiques et ils ne sont souvent pas capables de faire face et de s’adapter efficacement à ces chocs. De plus, il semble que les ménages les plus affectés n’aient pas de taux de migration permanente parmi leurs membres plus élevés que les ménages moins affectés, même si les taux de migration temporaire sont légèrement plus élevés. En ce sens, il apparait que les groupes vulnérables pourraient être en termes comparatifs pris au piège (« relative trappedness ») dans les zones vulnérables aux chocs climatiques comme d’autres études l’ont suggéré. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of evacuation from Hurricane Andrew in August of 1993 and subsequent relocation following the storm on the young children of six families from Homestead Air Force Base, Florida. Interviews were conducted over a three-month period; these were supplemented with samples of the children's drawings and observations of the children at play. The resulting case studies illustrate various coping strategies utilized by the six families to deal with the loss of home, goods, and community in the wake of the storm and the ways in which these impacted the young children in each family. Parental coping styles were an influence on the children's ability to make the adjustments necessary during this especially stressful transition.

Canada coordinates its responses to natural disasters abroad through implementing its ‘whole-of-government’ policy framework. The two largest natural disasters that struck in 2010 were the January earthquake in Haiti and the flooding in Pakistan seven months later. In contrast to the fast and robust earthquake relief provided to Haiti, Canada’s response to the Pakistan floods was minimal, especially when considering the extent of damage sustained. This dissertation applies a public administration lens to trace factors that led to the Government of Canada’s 2010 disaster-relief decisions. It develops a multi-level theoretical framework to holistically explore the role of problem-definition in shaping decision-making. It applies historical institutionalism at the macro level; recognizes the role of case-specific details and arenas at the meso level; and uses the logic of appropriateness to identify informal institutions affecting individual action at the micro level. Analysis of interviews, government documents and media coverage indicates that bureaucratic actors involved in the whole-of-government approach recognize that their role is ultimately removed from final disaster-relief decisions. There is an informal acceptance that political will, more than needs in the disaster-affected region, shapes implementation decisions. Consequently, technical assessment is inadvertently affected, and recommendations reflect what is deemed most in line with ministerial disposition to assist. The primary motivators for Government of Canada action are found to be the gaining of public support or the need to subdue targeted criticisms. Findings indicate that as a result of its media appeal, there was a strong incentive for the deployment of military assets in response to the earthquake in Haiti, even when doing so was not in the best interest of the affected region. Where Canada could respond only with non-military means, there was less incentive for action. This leads to supply-driven relief rather than a needs-based humanitarian response. With the developed theoretical framework, process-mapping and media analysis methodologies, and the actor-centred approach adopted, the dissertation makes theoretical and empirical contributions to existing public administration literature on decision-making and problem definition. It also presents a hitherto unexplored perspective on donor behaviour for consideration by international relations and development scholars.

To increase disaster preparedness in immigrants, risk communication and management need to be tailored to their needs and concerns. To this end, research needs to uncover how immigrants construe natural disaster risks and issues in the context of the receiving community’s social environment, and how their experiences compared to the general population. The goal of this thesis was to understand how risk perception and the social environment relate to immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ disaster preparedness. The relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness was investigated in the first study. Analyses of the data from a national survey revealed that both groups shared three core risk perception dimensions: external responsibility for disaster management, self-preparedness responsibility, and illusiveness of preparedness. However, they differed in the salience of five risk perception beliefs. For both groups, external responsibility for disaster management and self-preparedness responsibility were positively associated with preparedness behaviours, whereas illusiveness of preparedness was negatively related to preparedness behaviours. In the second study, the relationship between community social capital and individuals’ preparedness behaviours was investigated. Analyses of two conceptually-linked national surveys revealed that neighbourhood contact and societal trust predicted during-disaster preparedness behaviours in both groups. Interestingly, societal trust positively predicted emergency planning in Canadian-born individuals but the reverse was true for immigrants. To provide a comprehensive social-ecological perspective, twenty-two individual interviews were conducted to explore immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ lived experiences of natural disaster risks and issues. A unifying thread across five emergent themes showed that individuals did not perceive natural disaster risks as a valid threat and disaster preparedness as relevant to their daily lives because they believed that the positive social environment in Canada would mitigate the risks. For immigrants, the immigrant condition and culture shaped how they construed natural disaster risks and issues. Overall, findings suggest that risk communication and management need to focus on building human capital and social capital, use an all-of-society engagement approach, and reframe all-hazards preparedness as relevant for daily stressors. Specific for immigrants, disaster initiatives need to be tailored to the timeline of experience of being an immigrant within the context of their receiving communities.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-04-12T13:33:58Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Final JOSUÉ-PROPAD-2015.pdf: 2774754 bytes, checksum: e765c185831d7508d1b93a9c699551d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-12T13:33:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Final JOSUÉ-PROPAD-2015.pdf: 2774754 bytes, checksum: e765c185831d7508d1b93a9c699551d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-12 / CAPEs / Esta pesquisa analisou como os desastres naturais despertam ou desencadeiam a resiliência através do discurso dos envolvidos na reconstrução de uma cidade atingida por eventos extremos. Palmares foi escolhida por ser uma das cidades mais destruídas pelas enchentes que assolaram Pernambuco em 2010. A pesquisa revelou que cenários de instabilidades e crises são necessários para o despertar das mudanças, e é dentro deste contexto que a resiliência se evidencia, e que apesar de ser uma cidade historicamente atingida por enchentes, Palmares não era resiliente, mas os eventos extremos acontecidos em 2010 na cidade, contribuíram para uma revolução na estrutura de enfrentamento aos desastres. E embora sua resiliência tenha sido construída pelo Governo do Estado, os resultados apontaram que os instrumentos de Governança, através da resposta, Conhecimento, através da Capacidade de Aprender e Compreender os riscos, resultaram naquilo que a pesquisa chamou de resiliência adquirida, que foi a passagem de foco da Resposta para a Adaptação, ou seja, a cidade estabeleceu sua atuação na antecipação e prevenção aos desastres. O estudo também abordou como o Plano Nacional de Gestão de Risco e Resposta a Desastre Naturais foi significado pelo governo na mídia, mostrando que o Plano foi um marco histórico na questão de enfrentamento aos desastres no Brasil, mas que diante da crise dos últimos desastres ocorridos no país estabeleceu sua significação nos investimentos e na eficiência do Estado para responder aos anceios da população e não como um instrumento de inovação e resiliência como principal foco de atuação. / This research examined how natural disasters awaken or trigger resilience through the speech of those involved in the reconstruction of a city hit by extreme events. Palmares was chosen as one of the cities destroyed by the floods that ravaged Pernambuco in 2010. The survey revealed that instability and crisis scenarios are needed for the awakening of the changes, and it is within this context that resilience is evident, and that despite be a city historically hit by floods, Palmares was not resilient, but extreme events that happened in 2010 in the city, contributed to a revolution in the disaster coping structure. And although their resilience has been built by the State Government, the results indicated that the governance instruments, by replying, Knowledge, Learning through capacity and understand the risks, resulted in what the survey called acquired resilience, which was the focus Pass Answer for adaptation, that is, the city established its operations in anticipation and prevention of disasters. The study also addressed as the National Plan for Risk Management and Response to Natural Disaster was meant by the government in the media, showing that the Plan was a landmark in the matter of coping with disasters in Brazil, but before the crisis of the last disasters in the country established its significance in investments and state efficiency to respond to anceios of the population and not as an instrument of innovation and resilience as the main focus.