Este trabalho discute os neologismos usados na obra modernista da literatura turca, Tutunamayanlar, de Oğuz Atay (1934-1977). Tais neologismos devem ser entendidos sob o pano de fundo da revolução linguística que teve início na década de 30 na Turquia, e que, em poucos anos, alterou substancialmente a língua turca. O autor faz uma crítica dos excessos dos reformadores turcos através da paródia de neologismos virtuais, não-dicionarizados. Após análise etimológica e morfológica do neologismo, além do cotejo com as duas traduções da obra turca existente, a saber, em holandês e alemão, sugeriremos um neologismo equivalente em português, com base nas técnicas de criação de palavras usadas por tradutores como Haroldo de Campos e Odorico Mendes, além de escritores como Guimarães Rosa. Dentre tais técnicas, demos ênfase à busca da etimologia, preconizada por Campos em suas traduções, como na do Qohélet, e o recurso ao latim e o grego clássico para cunhar palavras, e a diversidade dos neologismos criados por Rosa em suas obras. Os neologismos sugeridos pretendem reproduzir em língua portuguesa um impacto de estranheza semelhante ao causado no leitor turco, ou seja, a força motriz por detrás da criação dos neologismos é o estrangeirismo, que tem como objetivo fazer com que essas palavras atraiam atenção para si. / This thesis deals with the neologisms as used in a modernist work of the Turkish litera-ture, Tutunamayanlar by Oğuz Atay (1934-1977). Such neologisms should be understood with the background of the Turkish Language Revolution that started in the 30\'s in Tur-key, and that, in a matter of a few years, changed substantially the Turkish language. The author criticizes the excesses of the Turkish reformers by using virtual neologisms, not found in any dictionary as a way of parody. After the etymological and morphological analysis of the neologism, not to mention a comparison with the two existing translations so far, namely, Dutch and German, we offer our own suggestion of an equivalent neolo-gism in Portuguese, basing ourselves on the techniques used by translators to coin words, such as Haroldo de Campos and Odorico Mendes, besides writers like Guimarães Rosa. Among such techniques, we gave special emphasis to the etymology of words, as Harol-do de Campos did in his translations, especially in the Qohélet, by resorting to Latin and Ancient Greek to coin new words and also by using Guimarães Rosa as a model for the creation of neologisms. The suggested neologisms aim at reproducing in Portuguese a foreignizing effect similar to the one that the Turkish readers have, i.e., the driving force behind the creation of neologism is foreignization, emphasized by Lawrence Venuti, and which has the purpose of drawing attention to the words themselves.

This paper presents a reflection on some particularities of written French in Algeria and Ivory Coast. French language was implanted and imposed in both countries at the time of the colonization. Today written French, in Algeria and Ivory Coast, does not always follow standardized French. Some writers like Ahmadou Kourouma and Yasmina Kadra have added new expressions, neologisms and metaphors in order to better convey their messages and place their work in their cultural contexts. The main purpose of this study is to classify some of the different characteristics of Ivorian and Algerian French according to previous studies, then to identify those features in Ahmadou Kourouma’s novel Les soleils des indépendances and Yasmina Khadra’s Les agneaux du seigneur and finally to compare the features of their works. We realize, through those writers, that Ivorian and Algerian French have some convergences and divergences. We noticed that the characteristics of both works exhibited similarities on the derivational morphology level and on the semantic level. But they have some divergences on the syntactic, phonetic and morphologic level. Keywords: French, lexical particularities, neologisms, borrowings of words, new expressions, French characteristics, convergences, divergences, derivational morphology, semantics, syntax, phonetics, morphology

Orientador: Rosa Attié Figueira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:20:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_CamilaRossetti_M.pdf: 1468460 bytes, checksum: 45a22e6cf33a3bf0d419abd061b367a2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: São inúmeros os casos de palavras não dicionarizadas que surgem na fala dos sujeitos, sejam eles adultos ou crianças. A inovação lexical constitui, nesse sentido, um dos fenômenos mais registrados nas línguas, um poderoso fator de mudança linguística e um importante dado de eleição para a discussão da aquisição de linguagem. Dentro das abordagens teóricas da morfologia, a análise desse tipo de dados oferece dois caminhos distintos: (1) a formulação de regras, dentre se destacam as RFPs (Regras de Formação de Palavras), propostas pela Gramática Gerativa no início da década de 1960 (ARONOFF, 1976); e (2) a analogia. Segundo a primeira perspectiva as palavras seriam formadas por uma operação fonológica sobre uma base especificada dando origem a produtos predizíveis em termos sintáticos e semânticos. Já para a segunda, através da qual as palavras são formadas por comparação a um modelo, sobrariam dados mais singulares, em que não houvesse a necessidade de formular regras. O objetivo desta dissertação é o de verificar o potencial explicativo dessas duas visões antagônicas sobre as inovações lexicais na fala da criança. A primeira se baseia em regras e discorre, portanto, sobre questões como os padrões de regularidade e os limites do possível gramatical dentro da formação de novas palavras no português brasileiro. A segunda é a posição teórica interacionista (DE LEMOS, 2003; FIGUEIRA, 2010), que se filia de modo fundamental ao "ideário saussuriano sobre a formação de palavras" o qual, ao ser baseado no mecanismo analógico, é capaz de oferecer múltiplos caminhos para a explicação da fala infantil. Como material empírico, coletamos dados provenientes da observação longitudinal do sujeito RA cujo corpus está disponível no Projeto de Aquisição de Linguagem Oral (CEDAE/IEL/UNICAMP) e, complementarmente, contaremos com um conjunto de dados de autores que já se dedicaram ao tema. Com isso, pudemos averiguar, em um primeiro plano, a impossibilidade de analisar dados da fala da criança de uma perspectiva teórica que só considere formações que estejam de acordo com uma gramática bem comportada, já que as RFPs, que tem por característica principal dizer de um funcionamento formal da língua, nem sempre sustentam o que ocorre na aquisição da morfologia pela criança, uma vez que é claro um movimento do previsível para o imprevisível. Pudemos também ver que a vantagem de assumir a analogia saussuriana para explicar as inovações lexicais não está somente em dar conta de dados que não se deixam explicar por regras muito bem especificadas, mas também está em reconhecer que a criança está submetida ao funcionamento dos mecanismos fundamentais da língua, relações sintagmáticas e associativas / Abstract: There are countless cases of words, which are not in the dictionary that appear in people's speech, whether they are adults or children. The lexical innovation is in this sense one of the most recorded phenomena in the languages, a powerful element for linguistic change and an important point of choice for the language acquisition discussion. Among the morphology theoretical approaches, the analysis of this data leads us to two distinct paths: (1) the formulation of rules, among them stand out the WRFs (Word Formation Rules), which was proposed by the Generative Grammar in the early 1960s (ARONOFF, 1976); and (2) the analogy. According to the first perspective, the words would be formed by a phonological operation on a specific base originating predictable products in syntactic and semantic terms. As for the latter, words would be made by comparison to a model in which more natural data would be left and there would not need to formulate rules. The aim of this dissertation is to verify the potential impact of these two opposing views on the lexical innovations in the child's speech. The first is based on rules and discusses issues such as patterns of regularity and the limits of the grammar constraints within the formation of new words in Brazilian Portuguese. The second is the interactionist theoretical position (DE LEMOS, 2003; FIGUEIRA, 2010), which is affiliated in a fundamental way to "Saussure ideas on the formation of words" which is based on the analogue mechanism that is able to offer multiple pathways to explain the child speech. As empirical source, we collected data from longitudinal observation of the subject RA whose corpus is available in Oral Language Acquisition Project (CEDAE / IEL / UNICAMP) and in addition, we will have a set of authors who have dedicated themselves to the subject. Therewith, we could determine in a foreground the failure to analyze the child's speech data from a theoretical perspective that only considers the formations that are in accordance with formal grammar since the WRFs whose main characteristic is to talk about the formal operation of the language, which does not always maintain what occurs in the child¿s morphology language acquisition, once the movement from predictable to unpredictable is clear. It was also possible to notice the advantage taken by assuming the Saussure analogy to explain that lexical innovation is not only to account data that it is not explained by well-specified rules but also to recognize that the child is subjected to language fundamental mechanisms, syntagmatic and associative relations / Mestrado / Linguistica / Mestra em Linguística

This thesis examines the French translation of the 224 neologisms in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, the seventh book in J.K. Rowling’s fantasy series. By analyzing the original neologisms and their French equivalents, this research compares the word formation processes used by both the author and the translator, Jean-François Ménard. Additionally, to categorize Ménard’s translation techniques, this study adapts a framework designed by Jacqueline Henry to classify translations of word play. While Ménard uses the same types of word formation as Rowling to create his lexicon, this study reveals that he often chooses a different neological process or distinct lexemes to recreate the effect of the original neologism. To achieve this, Ménard relies on his own creativity and embraces the norms of the French language to give his audience a reading experience comparable to that offered to the readers of the original text. / Graduate

This master's thesis deals with problematics of loanwords from French language in today's Czech media and it is divided in two parts: theoretical and practical part. First part, dedicated to theoretical explanation of the problematics on one hand, describes history of the development of the Czech language with regards to borrowing of foreign lexemes, especially focusing on French loanwords. On the other hand, it defines essential terms and provides linguistic basis for research that follows. Practical part first introduces detailed results of the research, which was lexical and semantic analysis of loanwords excerpted from three of this year's issues of Gurmet, a gastronomical magazine. Concerning methodology, a variety of lexicological and semantical publications or web tools were used to compose this thesis. Analysis attests that more than a half of given loanwords come from 19th century. Also, in the text material, there were found 17 borrowed lexical units with significant foreign traits and those were later lexicographically elaborated into a dictionary of neologisms. Furthermore, research and analysis that followed imply that from all of 207 excerpted lemmas only a small number of the examined Gallicisms adapted semantically into the system of Czech language, and on the opposite, all lexemes...

Данная магистерская диссертация посвящена изучению проблем перевода английских социально-политических неологизмов на русский язык. Рассмотрены основные теоретические особенности понятия «неологизм»: его трактование и классификации. В работе также представлены основные способы перевода неологизмов в целом. Поскольку данная магистерская диссертация изучает особенности перевода социально-политических неологизмов, была дана подробная характеристика социально-политическому дискурсу. Для того, чтобы проверить, с какими проблемами сталкивается переводчик при работе с данной лексикой, было проведено исследование, в котором нами было отобрано 104 неологизма, появившихся после 2018 года и не закрепленных в словарях, и 161 вариант их перевода. В результате можно отметить, что на сегодняшний день не существует универсального способа, который подходил бы для перевода незакрепленного социально-политического неологизма. Кроме этого, существует большая вариативность полученных при переводе результатов, возникают трудности при передаче сложной структуры неологизма и зачастую отсутствует точное понимание значения нового слова. Это говорит о том, что проблема перевода неологизмов является одной из ключевых проблем современного переводоведения. / This master’s thesis is devoted to the study of the problems of translation of socio-political neologisms from English into Russian. The main theoretical features of the concept «neologism» such as interpretation and classification have been considered. The paper also presents the main methods of translation of neologisms. In this paper a detailed description of socio-political discourse was given because this master’s thesis studies the peculiarities of translation of socio-political neologisms. To understand which problems the translator faces when he works with this lexis we conducted a research where we have selected 104 neologisms, which appeared after 2018 and were not fixed in the dictionaries, as well as 161 versions of their translation. As a result, it can be noted that today there is no universal method that would be suitable for the translation of every socio-political neologism. Moreover, there is a huge translation variability. Also, there are difficulties in transmitting the complex structure of neologism and often there is no clear understanding of the meaning of the new word. Therefore, the problem of translation of neologisms is one of the key problems of modern translation science.

The graduate's thesis deals with analysis of anglicisms as neologisms on the border of 20th - 21st century in Czech and Russian. In this thesis, the explanation of the causes of the intensive adoption of loanwords from English has been presented. The analysis of anglicisms from the viewpoint of stucture, morphological adaptation and word-forming has been carried out. The secondary aim of this analysis is to trace the manners of integration of anglicims into the Czech language system in comparison with the Russian language.

La première partie de cette thèse décrit l’aménagement terminologique en France et démontre que cet aménagement fait la suite d’une longue série d’interventions par l’État en matière linguistique. Tirant profit des études s’intéressant aux résultats d’autres entreprises d’aménagement terminologique dans domaines et langues différents, une variété de facteurs supposés exercer une influence sur l’implantation des termes spécialisés est identifiée. Les méthodologies développées dans les études précédentes sont mises au point pour permettre des appréciations plus nuancées et fiables de l’implantation terminologique. La première partie de cette thèse se conclut par l’énonciation de notre hypothèse principale, de nos hypothèses spécifiques et de la justification du choix du domaine spécialisé auquel appartiennent les termes étudiés. Dans sa deuxième partie, cette thèse décrit les corpus terminologique et documentaire constitués ainsi que la méthodologie par laquelle ils sont exploités et les données obtenues, gérées et analysées.La troisième partie de cette thèse décrit l’influence de nombreux facteurs sur l’implantation des termes recommandés des sciences et techniques spatiales. Après avoir comparé les tendances générales dans les données avec celles des autres études, l’influence des facteurs terminologiques, socioterminologiques et procéduraux est étudiée à tour de rôle. Plusieurs facteurs de chaque type sont impliqués dans l’implantation réussie de certains termes recommandés. Il est également démontré que certains facteurs favorisent l’implantation contrairement aux constats d’autres études. Aucun des facteurs examinés n’est, à lui seul, capable de garantir l’implantation d’un terme recommandé, l’implantation dépendant de nombreux facteurs, leurs interactions et les compromis qu’ils engendrent. / This thesis examines the effects of the concerted language policy that was developed and implemented by successive French governments in the second half of the 20th century. As a response to the perceived threat of the pre-eminence of the English language in so many different areas of modern life, the French state has, for nearly half a century, sought to secure the place of the French language in the present and the future by developing a series of commissions charged with recommending French technical terms to supplant borrowed or native forms considered to be inadequate, or name new inventions and concepts. The first part of this thesis describes the terminological planning undertaken in France and demonstrates that it is the product of a long series of interventions by the French state in matters of language. This thesis seeks to evaluate the real-world efficacy of terminological planning carried out in France, by identify the factors that facilitate or hinder the implantation of recommended terms. Drawing on similar studies on the real-world results of terminological planning activities in various specialised domains and involving different languages, a variety of different factors supposed to influence the implantation of specialised terms is identified. Methodologies developed in the literature are enhanced to provide a more nuanced and reliable appreciation of the implantation of recommended terms. The first part of this thesis concludes with the enunciation of the general and specific hypotheses and the justification of the choice of the specialised domain to which the studied terms belong. The second part of this thesis then describes the terminological and documentary corpora compiled and details the methodology by which the corpora are exploited, and the results gathered, managed and analysed.This thesis then describes the influence of different factors on the implantation of the recommended terms of space sciences and technologies. After comparing the global trends observed in the data with those observed in other studies, the influences of terminological, socioterminological and procedural factor are studied in turn. Several factors of each type are found to be involved in the successful implantation of some recommended terms, and certain factors studied are found to favour to the implantation of recommended terms, previous studies having found or supposed the opposite. No single factor examined is found to be sufficient to guarantee, alone, the successful implantation of a recommended term, implantation depending on numerous factors, their interplay and their trade-offs.

Dans le cadre de nos travaux, nous définissons 1a lexicographie collaborative – en nous appuyant sur Cotter et Damaso (2007), Meyer et Gurevych (2012), Granger 2012, etc. – comme un genre dictionnairique qui intègre les contributions d’une communauté et qui crée, via l’internet, un espace virtuel où les contributeurs se soutiennent, collaborent et coopèrent dans la rédaction. Nous nous focalisons sur les dictionnaires collaboratifs généraux monolingues, un terrain qui semble très peu exploité actuellement. Nous nous concentrons en particulier sur les dictionnaires français La Parlure, Le dictionnaire collaboratif du français parlé et le dictionnaire slovène Razvezani jezik, Slovar žive slovenščine. Nous proposons une analyse en trois parties. Dans la première partie, nous décrivons les dictionnaires collaboratifs du point de vue lexicographique, énonciatif et sociolinguistique. Nous explorons également la question de la néologie et de la norme ainsi que les moyens de régulation du contenu. La deuxième partie est consacrée à des phénomènes linguistiques, qui s’inscrivent de façon particulièrement intéressante dans le contexte de la lexicographie collaborative : le métalangage, le nom propre, le figement et la métaphore. Dans la troisième partie, nous étudions la place du genre (gender) dans les dictionnaires collaboratifs, à travers les différentes désignations – métaphoriques et autres – relevant du genre et de la sexualité. Les trois axes explorés nous mènent à la conclusion que nous sommes confrontés à un objet novateur, un nouveau phénomène dans l’histoire de la lexicographie qui n’a pas encore été exploré et qui ouvre de nombreuses pistes prometteuses. / In the scope of our research, I define the collaborative lexicography – following Cotter and Damaso (2007), Meyer and Gurevych (2012), Granger 2012, etc. – as the dictionary genre that integrates the contributions of a community and creates, through the internet, a virtual space where contributors collaborate and cooperate in writing the dictionary articles. I have focused on general monolingual collaborative dictionaries, a subject which seems to have captured very little attention so far. I have concentrated in particular on the French dictionary La Parlure, Le dictionnaire collaboratif du français parlé and the Slovene dictionary Razvezani jezik, Slovar žive slovenščine. I propose an analysis in three parts. The first part describes the collaborative dictionaries from the lexicographical aspect, the aspect of enunciation and the sociolinguistic aspect. I equally explore the question of neologisms, of the norm and different types of content regulation. The second part is devoted to linguistic phenomena that are inscribed in particularly interesting ways into the context of collaborative lexicography: meta-language, proper names, set expressions and metaphors. The third part examines the place of gender in collaborative dictionaries through different designations – metaphoric and other – pertaining to gender and sexuality. The three axes of investigation lead to the conclusion that we are faced with an innovative object, a new phenomenon in the history of lexicography which hasn’t been explored yet, and which opens up numerous promising lines of research.