一九八○年代迄今，對英美語系和歐陸等先進工業民主國家的政府部門而言，是一個治理模式變革的年代。值得注意的是，這一波政府改革運動的持續力和影響層面是歷史上少見的，驅動改革的相關理念亦有脈絡可循，並且已經浮現出若干明顯的新治理模式。可惜的是，這一波政府改革風潮雖然有著許多不同而動人的稱號（如新公共管理運動、政府再造運動），以及眾多令人目眩神迷的改革策略（如顧客導向的服務、簽約外包、組織精簡等），但是針對各類新的治理模式或各種改革方略所進行的分析及評估卻不多。本文將嘗試由治理（governance）概念發展出一套評估性的分析架構，以作為檢驗這些新的治理模式或改革策略的工具。這一套評估性的分析架構包括三個部分：治理工具的選擇、治理過程的互動關係及治理能力的評估指標。 目 錄 第一章 導論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥1 第一節 研究動機與目的 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥2 第二節 研究方法與途徑 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥8 第三節 研究範圍與流程 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥11 第四節 治理概念的界定 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥13 第五節 研究限制 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥19 第二章 西敏寺型式的改革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22 第一節 西敏寺民主模式的特徵及其困境 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22 一、西敏寺模式的主要特徵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥22 二、西敏寺模式的困境 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥24 第二節 柴契爾革命的背景 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥29 一、經濟和社會的壓力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥30 二、政治和行政的困局 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥34 三、歐洲化的衝擊 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥35 四、柴契爾個人的意志 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37 第三節 新右派的改革理念 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥37 一、自由主義和保守哲學 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥38 二、奧地利學派和芝加哥學派 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥40 三、公共選擇理論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥42 四、管理主義 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥49 第四節 保守黨政府的改革行動 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥53 一、改革紀事（1979-1997） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥53 二、改革歷程及其重點 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥57 第三章 治理概念的分析架構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60 第一節 治理概念途徑的內涵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60 一、治理概念的七種用法 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥60 二、治理和新公共管理之間的差異 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥64 三、治理概念的五個命題 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥66 第二節 治理工具的類型 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥71 一、從政策工具到治理工具 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥71 二、四種治理工具 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥72 三、四種治理工具的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥77 第三節 治理關係的層次 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥79 一、從政府統治到多層治理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥79 二、三個層次的治理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥81 第四節 治理能力的指標 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥85 一、善治的參考指標 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥85 二、動態指標的建構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥88 第五節 研究架構的提出 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥92 第四章 財務管理改革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥94 第一節 績效責任導向的財務管理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥94 一、效率稽核 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥95 二、財務管理方案 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥96 三、市場測試 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥98 四、績效責任審計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥99 五、強化會計功能 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥101 第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥102 一、層級節制為體，市場機制為用 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥103 二、官僚經驗與管理文化的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥104 第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥109 一、官僚與廠商的競爭 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥109 二、內部審計重於外部審計 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥111 三、中央集權與地方分權的拉鋸 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥112 第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥114 一、從政治理性出發的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥114 二、柴契爾優越的統理能力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥115 三、仍須強化的回應力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥116 四、改革效益大於改革成本 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥119 第五章 組織結構的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥124 第一節 市場模式的組織結構 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥124 一、民營化 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥125 二、續階計畫 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥127 第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥133 一、從層級節制到市場機制 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥133 二、組織經濟學的論證 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥135 第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥138 一、國家空心化（hollowing-out） ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥139 二、行政執行機關與部會的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥140 第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥144 一、特定系絡下的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥144 二、梅傑與柴契爾在統理能力上的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥145 三、回應力與反作用力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥147 四、效益遞減、成本遞增 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥148 第六章 文官制度調整 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥152 第一節 人力資源管理取向的文官制度 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥152 一、富爾頓報告的遺緒 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥153 二、人事行政機關的改組 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥155 三、雇用制度的變革 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥157 四、訓練制度的發展 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥163 五、文官員額精簡 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥166 第二節 治理工具的選擇 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥167 一、從人事管理到人力資源管理 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥168 二、人力資源管理的內涵 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥170 三、策略性人力資源管理的省思 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥171 第三節 治理過程的互動關係 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥173 一、部長責任制與文官政治中立 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥173 二、政治控制與文官特權 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥174 三、續階計畫與行政課責 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥175 四、核心主管部門與高級文官的決策角色 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥177 第四節 治理能力的評估 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥179 一、難以周全的問題診斷 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥179 二、梅傑與柴契爾在統理態度上的比較 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥181 三、遲來的回應力 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥182 四、潛在的成本與潛在的效益 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥183 第七章 結論 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥187 第一節 研究發現 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥188 第二節 研究建議 ‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥‥200

Au Québec, depuis les 25 dernières années, l’enjeu de la privatisation dans le secteur de la santé revient constamment dans le débat public. Déjà dans les années 1980, lorsque le secteur de la santé a commencé à subir d’importantes pressions, faire participer davantage le privé était présenté comme une voie envisageable. Plus récemment, avec l’adoption de la loi 33 par le gouvernement libéral de Jean Charest, plusieurs groupes ont dénoncé la privatisation en santé. Ce qui frappe lorsque l’on s’intéresse à la privatisation en santé, c’est que plusieurs textes abordant cette question ne définissent pas clairement le concept. En se penchant plus particulièrement sur le cas du Québec, cette recherche vise dans un premier temps à rappeler comment a émergé et progressé l’idée de privatisation en santé. Cette idée est apparue dans les années 1980 alors que les programmes publics de soins de santé ont commencé à exercer d’importantes pressions sur les finances publiques des États ébranlés par la crise économique et qu’au même moment, l’idéologie néolibérale, qui remet en question le rôle de l’État dans la couverture sociale, éclipsait tranquillement le keynésianisme. Une nouvelle manière de gérer les programmes publics de soins de santé s’imposait comme étant la voie à adopter. Le nouveau management public et les techniques qu’il propose, dont la privatisation, sont apparus comme étant une solution à considérer. Ensuite, par le biais d’une revue de la littérature, cette recherche fait une analyse du concept de privatisation, tant sur le plan de la protection sociale en général que sur celui de la santé. Ce faisant, elle contribue à combler le flou conceptuel entourant la privatisation et à la définir de manière systématique. Ainsi, la privatisation dans le secteur de la santé transfère des responsabilités du public vers le privé dans certaines activités soit sur le plan: 1) de la gestion et de l’administration, 2) du financement, 3) de la provision et 4) de la propriété. De plus, la privatisation est un processus de changement et peut être initiée de manière active ou passive. La dernière partie de cette recherche se concentre sur le cas québécois et montre comment la privatisation a progressé dans le domaine de la santé au Québec et comment certains éléments du contexte institutionnel canadien ont influencé le processus de privatisation en santé dans le contexte québécois. Suite à une diminution dans le financement en matière de santé de la part du gouvernement fédéral à partir des années 1980, le gouvernement québécois a privatisé activement des services de santé complémentaires en les désassurant, mais a aussi mis en place la politique du virage ambulatoire qui a entraîné une privatisation passive du système de santé. Par cette politique, une nouvelle tendance dans la provision des soins, consistant à retourner plus rapidement les patients dans leur milieu de vie, s’est dessinée. La Loi canadienne sur la santé qui a déjà freiné la privatisation des soins ne représente pas un obstacle suffisant pour arrêter ce type de privatisation. Finalement, avec l’adoption de la loi 33, suite à l’affaire Chaoulli, le gouvernement du Québec a activement fait une plus grande place au privé dans trois activités du programme public de soins de santé soit dans : l’administration et la gestion, la provision et le financement. / For the last 25 years, the issue of health care privatization has frequently been a subject of public debate in Québec. Already during the 1980s, when the health sector was starting to be under pressure, the use of the private sector was presented as a possible alternative. More recently, with the adoption of bill 33 by the liberal government of Jean Charest, many groups in the civil society have denounced the privatization of health care. What is striking when we study health care privatization is that the concept is rarely clearly defined. Through a closer look at the Quebec case, this research first recalls how the idea of health care privatization has emerged and progressed. This idea appeared during the 1980s when health care public programs started to represent important pressures on the public finance of states that were also experiencing an economic crisis. At the same time, neoliberalism and its questioning of the welfare state was slowly eclipsing keynesianism. A new way of managing health care public programs seemed necessary. New public management and the techniques it proposes, privatization being one of them, appeared to be the solution to consider. Then, through a literature review, this research analyzes the concept of privatization, in the realm of social protection in general but also more specifically in health care. Through this process, the research clarifies the concept of privatization and defines it systematically. Thus, privatization in the health care sector transfers responsibility from the public to the private in different areas. These areas are: 1) management and administration, 2) financing, 3) provision, 4) ownership. Adding to this definition, privatization is a process of change and can be initiated actively or passively. The last part looks more particularly at the Québec case and shows how privatization has evolved in the Québec health care sector. It also highlights how some aspects of the Canadian institutional context have influenced health care privatization in the province. Québec has not been impervious to privatization. After the cuts in health care funding by the federal government that began in the 1980s, the Québec’s government reacted by actively privatizing some complementary health services through de-insurance. It has also put in place the ambulatory shift policy, which has lead to a passive privatization of health care. The ambulatory shift represented a new trend in health care provision that consists in sending patients home more quickly after their hospitalization. The Canadian Health Act, considered as an obstacle to privatization, does not limit this kind of privatization. Finally, with the passing of bill 33, after the Chaoulli case, the Québec’s government has actively opened the door to the private sector in three health care activities: administration and management, provision, and financing.

擺盪在兩岸間博弈賽局的「壓力球」；壓力為兩岸關係潛在危機因子，透過菁英集體腦力激盪，突破台共勢不兩立界線；兩岸關係從軍事恫嚇武戰、拉攏外交擺盪至今，為利搭橋簽訂ECFA圖在世界舞台經濟發球權。 值此，文官躍上國際舞台創兩岸關係新紀元；我國陸委會為兩岸對話窗口，行政院動員所屬部會展開跨域治理架構。國家經貿外交希冀公務員拉抬國際高度與總體經濟廣度，謀國家利益榫接國際市場。 政府引進新公共服務與新公共管理理論雙軌運行，行組織再造之勢，這攸關國家競爭力，考驗公務員角色如何從儀式主義(ritualism)變身為管理者及資源分配者角色，更須背負活化組織、創新發展之責。本研究關心公務員角色在面臨國家利益、組織期待與家庭經營等三方壓力，個體如何管理壓力？又如何擁有足夠的「能力」去「抗壓」、「解壓」甚至是「化壓」？。 本研究藉由個案組織為例，旨揭為組織進化並研究組織吸納壓力變相間關係。組織潛規則經由層級節制建置制度，正向組織效能為軟知識以溝通、休閒為工具，以調和壓力與增強自我效能。意識形態之建置，從老莊思想「圖難為大」啟迪我們立志、勵志；莊子逍遙遊則說「且夫水之積也不厚，則其負大舟也無力；風之積也不厚，則其負大翼也無力。」水不深難以乘舟，壓力是助力激發潛能，效能排除阻力以乘風、大鵬展翅；研究建議組織應樹立價值觀為管理基礎，警鐘式策動公務員滋養自我效能建立遠大目標，須知千里之行始於足下。

This thesis studies three major reforms in the public sector of Norway. The sectors studied are the police, higher education, and primary schools. The main motive for studying these reforms are of a theoretical nature, the reason to study them is to produce general knowledge about reforms. The study aims to answer two main questions. One is about the possibilities and limitations contained in using reforms to change organizations. The second is about how organizations can promote the ideals of representative democracy. In its efforts to attain answers to these questions the thesis blends empirically-oriented research with aspects of organization theory and political theory. The thesis is divided into four different parts. First, there is a descriptive presentation of the three reforms. Secondly, there is a discussion of various theories of reforms and organizations. The primary aim of this analysis is to illuminate and explain the empirical data, but this discussion should also provide its own answers to the main questions asked in the thesis. Thirdly, these theories are applied to analyze data from the three reforms. And finally, the study concludes with a summary of what general insights about the reforms we are left with after studying the Quality Reform, The Police Reform 2000, and the Knowledge Reform. The study shows that reforms have both policy and content aspects, and that it is important to distinguish between the two in order to analyse and understand them. The policy aspect is that reforms are a strategy for change - they are tools for implementing change in organizations. The content aspect is that reforms have a specific content - they have certain objectives that they want to realize. The study concludes that in order to understand this complex and fascinating phenomenon, we need to understand reforms both as instrumental tools, institutional adaptations and symbols.

No description available.

Submitted by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-02-16T11:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao versaofinalClaudioAlfradique.pdf: 582560 bytes, checksum: 258b2257e6d7f67fedcc5a4742389181 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-02-16T11:59:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao versaofinalClaudioAlfradique.pdf: 582560 bytes, checksum: 258b2257e6d7f67fedcc5a4742389181 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Almeida (maria.socorro@fgv.br) on 2016-02-16T11:59:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao versaofinalClaudioAlfradique.pdf: 582560 bytes, checksum: 258b2257e6d7f67fedcc5a4742389181 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T11:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertaçao versaofinalClaudioAlfradique.pdf: 582560 bytes, checksum: 258b2257e6d7f67fedcc5a4742389181 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Este trabalho pretende descrever como o Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, na perspectiva de uma organização que representa o povo, controlando as finanças públicas, e prestando atenção às crescentes demandas da sociedade poderá enfrentar os novos desafios institucionais em conseqüência de novas atribuições, cada vez mais sujeita as incertezas decorrentes da natureza íntima da Avaliação das Políticas Públicas, em desenvolvimento, em face da auditoria tradicional, que o caracteriza em geral / This work intends to explore how the Court of Auditors of the State of Rio de Janeiro – an organization which represents the people through the control of the Public Accounts and the attention to the demands of the society – will be able to deal with the institutional challenges that comes with the new attributions, and the felling of uncertainty that is intrinsically connected to the core of the Public Policy Evaluation, that is in development, face the traditional audit, which characterizes them in general.

Submitted by ORLANDO MARTELLO JUNIOR (orlandomj@uol.com.br) on 2016-10-05T01:47:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1588971 bytes, checksum: 4949e14c1abe176979f453c6cefe240c (MD5) / Rejected by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br), reason: Boa Tarde, Orlando O trabalho só poderá ser submetido após e-mail da Professora Cibele informando o novo titulo,(conforme informado no e-mail que enviei da versão final) sem e -mail não posso aprovar a submissão on 2016-10-05T17:39:56Z (GMT) / Submitted by ORLANDO MARTELLO JUNIOR (orlandomj@uol.com.br) on 2016-10-05T21:54:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1588971 bytes, checksum: 4949e14c1abe176979f453c6cefe240c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2016-10-05T21:57:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1588971 bytes, checksum: 4949e14c1abe176979f453c6cefe240c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-06T11:16:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação.pdf: 1588971 bytes, checksum: 4949e14c1abe176979f453c6cefe240c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / The initial objective of this thesis was to analyze the organizational structure conceived for the implementation of Results-Based Management by the city of Osasco, in particular in its sectoral units (called 'Local Offices'), which is the main communicative link between the municipal departments and the Department of Planning and Management (SEPLAG) on issues relating to strategic management. It was further noticed that there existed a need to expand the scope of this research, since the sectional units were not sufficiently implemented, a broader discussion of the relationship and the dialogue between SEPLAG and the sectoral bodies was recognized as being indispensable. As a method, a qualitative study of case was used, combining theoretical analysis with empirical investigation. Semi-structured interviews with employees of the Departments of Planning and Management, Works and Services and Health were conducted. After reviewing the bibliography and further literature, the current stage of the debate on the New Public Management and human resources management in the public sector was revealed, especially in the contexts of Results Oriented Management. As a reference of innovative experiments, two case studies were used, one national, the 'Minas Gerais Management Shock', and the other international, the 'Unit of the Prime Minister's Delivery' of the United Kingdom. The diagnosis was built based on a problems tree analysis, which pointed out the main factors contributing to the central problem, which was found to be the low implementation and institutionalization of the management system for results in the sectoral units. In the end, proposals to overcome the central problem were drawn up as well as the presentation of suggestions about the appropriate profiles for the components of the sectoral units were revealed. / O objetivo inicial desta dissertação foi analisar a estrutura organizacional idealizada para favorecer a implementação da Gestão por Resultados (GpR) na Prefeitura Municipal de Osasco, em especial a estrutura dos órgãos setoriais (denominados 'Escritórios Locais'), principal elo de interlocução das secretarias-fins com a Secretaria de Planejamento e Gestão (SEPLAG) em temas relativos à gestão estratégica. Posteriormente, verificou-se a necessidade de ampliação do escopo da pesquisa, em virtude da constatação de que os Escritórios Locais não estavam suficientemente implementados, sendo imprescindível uma discussão mais ampla sobre a relação e a interlocução da SEPLAG com os órgãos setoriais. O método utilizado foi o estudo de caso qualitativo, que permite conjugar análise teórica com investigação empírica. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com servidores da SEPLAG, da Secretaria de Serviços e Obras e da Secretaria de Saúde. A revisão bibliográfica revelou o atual estágio do debate em torno da Nova Gestão Pública e da gestão de pessoas no setor público, especialmente em contextos de GpR. Como referências de experiências inovadoras, utilizaram-se dois estudos de caso: um nacional, o 'Choque de Gestão de Minas Gerais', e um internacional, a 'Unidade de Entrega do Primeiro-Ministro' do Reino Unido. Elaborou-se o diagnóstico com base em uma árvore de problemas, que indicou os principais fatores que concorriam para o problema central, a baixa implementação e institucionalização do sistema de GpR nos órgãos setoriais. Ao final, formularam-se propostas para a superação do problema central, bem como apresentaram-se sugestões sobre os perfis adequados para os componentes das estruturas organizacionais setoriais.

Submitted by Thalita Cristine Landeira Portela Faro (thalita.faro@fgv.br) on 2011-06-21T17:40:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1418003.pdf: 4115702 bytes, checksum: a2c362a5c36ca9073d7d964295740909 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thalita Cristine Landeira Portela Faro(thalita.faro@fgv.br) on 2011-06-21T17:41:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1418003.pdf: 4115702 bytes, checksum: a2c362a5c36ca9073d7d964295740909 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thalita Cristine Landeira Portela Faro(thalita.faro@fgv.br) on 2011-06-21T17:43:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1418003.pdf: 4115702 bytes, checksum: a2c362a5c36ca9073d7d964295740909 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-21T17:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1418003.pdf: 4115702 bytes, checksum: a2c362a5c36ca9073d7d964295740909 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The diffusion of results-oriented management doctrines has been leading the public organizations to make important investments in information technology as a component of transparency for government actions and support for decisionmaking by public administrators. The intensive use of information technology in an increasingly interconnected world exposes the government to new forms of threats and vulnerabilities. In this context, the Courts of Accounts must expand the scope of their acting, performing more stringent controls through specific technics in information technology (IT) audit to ensure the integrity and security of data that travei across networks and information systems. The purpose of this research consisted to identify main improprieties associated with the use of computers in the local public administrations under the jurisdiction of TCE-RJ, by means of the case study of its experience in the accomplishment of performance audit in information technology. The research is based on the literature and analysis of findings from systems audits, showing that this kind of audit has contributed to making local public administration more efficient, effective and transparent. / A difusão das doutrinas de gerenciamento orientadas para resultados no Brasil tem levado as organizações públicas a realizarem investimentos relevantes em tecnologia da informação como um componente de transparência para as ações governamentais e como suporte para a tomada de decisões pelos gestores públicos. O uso intensivo da informática em um mundo cada vez mais interconectado expõe a administração pública a novos tipos de ameaças e vulnerabilidades. Nesse contexto, as entidades de fiscalização devem ampliar sua forma de atuação, realizando controles mais rigorosos por meio de técnicas próprias de auditorias de tecnologia da informação, que visam assegurar a integridade e segurança dos dados que trafegam pelas redes e sistemas de informação. O objetivo da presente pesquisa consistiu em identificar as principais impropriedades associadas ao uso da informática nas administrações municipais sob a jurisdição do TCE-RJ, por meio do estudo de caso de sua experiência na realização de auditorias operacionais em tecnologia da informação. A pesquisa foi realizada com base na literatura e na análise dos achados das auditorias de sistemas, mostrando que este tipo de auditoria tem contribuído para tornar a gestão pública municipal mais eficiente, eficaz e transparente.

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T13:44:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aristóleles Lemos da Silva.pdf: 915720 bytes, checksum: 785fbc1645f295f5b042b88388d1fc83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T13:44:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aristóleles Lemos da Silva.pdf: 915720 bytes, checksum: 785fbc1645f295f5b042b88388d1fc83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-09-21T13:44:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Aristóleles Lemos da Silva.pdf: 915720 bytes, checksum: 785fbc1645f295f5b042b88388d1fc83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-09-21T13:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aristóleles Lemos da Silva.pdf: 915720 bytes, checksum: 785fbc1645f295f5b042b88388d1fc83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / In the last decade, many basic transfer income programs have been implemented in Brazil, but the poverty levels have not decreased at the same rate as the resources invested in those programs. Lack of coordination among government, financial supporters, managers and executors of public policies are the major problems. The program 'cheque cidadão', due to the huge volume of resources spent and the participation of religious institutions in the selection and distribution of its benefits, was under an audit process, in September 2004, by the 'Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro' (TCE-RJ) government agency. The program was also object of an evaluation research by the 'Instituto de Estudo do Trabalho e Sociedade' (IETS), in May 2002, with the intention of to understand the managerial process and its impacts (effectiveness) on the focus population. The purpose of this study is to contextualize these two events in the paradigm of the New Public Management (NPM) with standards of efficiency, affectivity and effectiveness and equity, expecting to insert the TCERJ in the field of performance auditing - accountability of results – and favoring the evaluation of public policies performance as a form of contribution to correspond to the growing social demand for a government oriented toward results. / No Brasil, na última década, vários programas de transferência de renda foram implantados, mas os níveis de pobreza não têm diminuído na mesma proporção do aporte de recursos investidos nos programas. Verifica-se, especialmente, a falta de coordenação entre poderes governamentais, entre órgãos gestores, financiadores e executores de políticas públicas. O programa Cheque Cidadão, dado ao grande volume de recursos distribuídos e à participação de instituições religiosas na seleção e distribuição de benefícios, foi objeto de inspeção realizada pelo Tribunal de Contas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (TCERJ), em Campos dos Goytacazes em setembro de 2004. No ano de 2002, foi tema de pesquisa realizada pelo Instituto de Estudo do Trabalho e Sociedade (IETS), que visava conhecer o programa em seus processos e impacto junto ao público beneficiário. Este trabalho visa à contextualização destes dois eventos nos paradigmas da Nova Gestão Pública (NGP) com indicadores de desempenho de eficiência, eficácia, efetividade e eqüidade, esperando inserir o TCE-RJ no campo das Auditorias Operacionais, e favorecendo a avaliação de políticas públicas como uma forma de contribuição para corresponder à crescente demanda social por um governo orientado para resultados.

Há duas décadas, o PT sustenta uma posição crítica à reforma do aparelho do Estado realizada durante o governo Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB). No discurso tradicional petista, a Administração Pública Gerencial (APG) introduzida no país naquele período é apresentada como um conjunto de políticas de gestão com conteúdo político intrínseco e predefinido – de corte neoliberal e conservador – e não uma iniciativa que pode ser politicamente orientada pela esquerda. Essa posição se mantém ao longo dos anos pela necessidade de sustentar o antagonismo político e eleitoral em relação ao PSDB. O que esta tese mostra é uma revisão do discurso antirreforma petista. Diante dos problemas urbanos das cidades, dos entraves da burocracia pública e do aumento das demandas sociais, há prefeitos do partido implementando políticas normalmente associadas aos tucanos com a finalidade de modernizar a gestão e torná-la mais eficiente e efetiva. Essa mudança de postura não se dá sem constrangimentos, tensionamentos e conflitos com setores da legenda e do funcionalismo público, mas há nela sinais que apontam para a construção de um novo olhar petista sobre a APG. O gerencialismo, associado à participação, torna-se um aliado no fortalecimento da democracia e na busca pelos históricos compromissos sociais da esquerda. / For two decades, PT has held a tough critic regarding the state reform carried out by Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB) during his government. According to PT’s traditional speech, the Managerial Public Administration introduced in the country in that period is considered a set of management policies within a neoliberal and conservative political bias. Through this view, the Managerial Public Administration agenda cannot be politically driven by a left party. This position has been maintained for so long because PT needs to keep the political and electoral antagonism in relation to PSDB. This thesis shows a review of PT's antireform speech. In contact with urban problems, public bureaucracy barriers and increasing of social demands, PT mayors are implementing policies associated with PSDB in order to modernize the management and make it more efficient and effective. This posture change is characterized by constraints, tensions and conflicts with party groups and public servants. But it has signs pointing out to the construction of a new view on Managerial Public Administration by PT. Associated with political participation, managerialism becomes an ally for democracy strengthening and for the pursuit of historical left social compromises.