Introduction: When enrolled nurses upgrade to newly-qualified professional nurses, they are considered more prepared to adapt to professional nurse roles and are expected to "hit the floor running". However, transitioning from enrolled nurse to newly-qualified professional nurse has been found difficult and stressful due to the shift from enrolled nurses' familiar dependent practitioner role to the less known professional nurses' independent practitioner role. Currently there is no official programme to address the transition support needs of newly-qualified professional nurses who upgrade from enrolled nurses in Mpumalanga private hospitals. In the Mpumalanga private hospitals, for the period 2012-2013, the estimated average turnover rate for newly-qualified professional nurses was 33-47%. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how newly-qualified professional nurses who upgraded from enrolled nurses experienced transition support during the transition period in private hospitals in the Mpumalanga Province. Research design: A qualitative holistic multiple case study research design was utilised to explore and describe how newly-qualified professional nurses who upgraded from enrolled nurses experienced transition support during the transition period in private hospitals in Mpumalanga Province. Method: Ten newly-qualified professional nurses, who graduated in 2012-2015 with a minimum of six months' and a maximum of four years' work experience in two private hospitals in Mpumalanga Province, participated in this study. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted and an inductive approach was utilised for content analysis of verbatim transcripts and field notes. Findings: The study found that at the private health care level, there is minimal understanding and recognition of the transition support needs of the newly-qualified professional nurse making the transition to clinical healthcare practice in private hospitals as professional nurses. Consequently, there is no newly-qualified professional nurse transition support programme during the transition period. Moreover, the newly-qualified professional nurse needs transition support mostly during the first two stages of the transition period. / Dissertation (MCur)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Nursing Science / MCur / Unrestricted

PhD (Health Sciences) / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / Introduction: For newly graduated midwives to function effectively with regard to provision of quality midwifery services, successful transition from student status to professional status should be enhanced. It is therefore important that transition support programmes be put in place in order to provide a baseline for guidance and support of newly graduated midwives. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a transition support programme to enhance effective support of newly graduated midwives during their transition period in Limpopo Province, South Africa. Setting: The study was conducted in maternity units of selected regional hospitals and a tertiary hospital in all the districts of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: Phase 1: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive design was used for the study. The population comprised of all newly graduated midwives who have undergone a comprehensive nursing programme (R425 of 19 February 1985, as amended) and qualified as nurses (General, Psychiatric and Community) and Midwifery from the universities and nursing colleges; as well as all professional nurses working at selected hospitals. A non-probability, purposive sampling method was used to select five newly graduated midwives who have been working for a period less or equals to one year following their successful completion of training, and were working in maternity units of the selected hospitals. Five professional nurses qualified as midwives and have been working in maternity units of the selected hospitals for at least five years, were also sampled through a non-probability, purposive sampling method. Data were collected through in-depth individual face-to-face interviews; a ABSTRACT vii voice recorder was used to capture information shared by participants, and field notes were also taken. An open-coding method was used to analyze data. Ethical principles and measures to ensure trustworthiness were considered. Major themes, themes and sub-themes were identified from the analyzed data. The following major themes emerged from data analysis: Experiences of being a newly graduated midwife in labour ward, Support provided by experienced midwives, Relationship between experienced and newly graduated midwives in labour ward, Expectations of experienced midwives from newly graduated midwives as well as Newly graduated midwives’ views related to placement in the labour ward. Empirical findings revealed that newly graduated midwives viewed labour ward as a traumatic environment as it is very busy with serious shortage of staff. Graduates also expressed a professional nurse’s role as stressful as it demands high level of responsibility and accountability which they did not have, resulting in frustration and anger. Newly graduated midwives felt that the support they received from the experienced midwives was ineffective, as they were neither mentored nor properly supervised and the environment was not conducive for learning. The relationship between graduates and experienced midwives was poor and some experienced midwives displayed negative attitudes towards the graduates. Results showed that graduates failed to meet experienced midwives’ expectations as they were unable to function independently, resulting in failure to reduce the workload. Newly graduated midwives recommended that their placement in maternity ward be extended from a period of six months to a year in order for them to build confidence in midwifery practice. Phase 2: Results of phase 1 of the study revealed transition support gaps which led the researcher to analyze ‘effective transition support’ as a core concept. Concept analysis was done in accordance with Walker and Avant’s method; in order to clarify its meaning. The findings of both phase 1 and concept analysis guided the ABSTRACT viii development of a transition support programme aimed to enhance effective support of newly graduated midwives during their transition period. Development of a transition support programme was based on Duchscher’s transition theory as well as ADDIE’s model for training and instructional design, the steps of which were: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. A developed transition support programme was validated using a quantitative approach, whereby exploratory and descriptive designs were employed. The main aim was to validate for effectiveness and applicability of a developed transition support programme. Validation was conducted in a similar setting as in phase 1, with the same population. Puposive sampling method was used to select participants who met inclusion criteria. A sample consisted of twelve (12) newly graduated midwives, thirty eight (38) experienced midwives of which thirteen (13) were operational managers. A self developed questionnaire was used for data collection. The validation process was based on a framework for programme evaluation in public health by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. According to the validation results, the developed transition support programme met the standard as it can be easily implemented, it is practical, utilizable, appropriate and will benefit patients, family members, health care facilities and the community at large. Recommendations: The developed transition support programme addressed the major challenges identified in the findings of the main study. Only aspects of the results which were not addressed by the developed transition support programme were covered in the recommendations. Recommendations were directed to the nursing education, nursing practice as well as future research. / NRF

Uppsatsen tar sin grund i frågeställningen varför elever med annat modersmål än svenska verkar ha det svårare att förvärva de ämneskunskaper och språkliga färdigheter i sitt nya språk som krävs för att kunna lyckas i det vanliga klassrummet.    För att försöka komma fram till en förklaring på detta görs en litteraturstudie och genomgång av forskningsläget kring kopplingen mellan kunskapsnivå i modersmålet, språklig färdighet i det nya språket och förvärvandet av ämneskunskaper i ett klassrum där undervisningen sker på det nya språket.    Resultatet redovisas i två delar kopplade till elevernas och lärarnas inställning till närvaron av modersmålet i det vanliga klassrummet och visar att skillnaderna mellan elevernas upplevda behov av modersmål och känslan när de tillåts använda det för att visa sina färdigheter och lärarnas upplevelse av förlorad kontroll av undervisningssituationen.    Den bild av modersmålets betydelse för kunskapsinhämtning på ett nytt språk som framträder presenteras och problematiseras i viss mån från ett undervisningsperspektiv men också ur ett resursperspektiv och jämlikhetsperspektiv.  Slutsatsen är att den klassiska tron på att utveckling av det nya språket och därigenom ökad kunskapsinhämtning i specifika ämnen på det nya språket inte har förutsättningarna att ge optimalt resultat utan att tillgången till modersmålsundervisning säkerställs då dessa framstår som kopplade till varandra.

Sammanfattning Sverige har sedan 2015 tagit emot en större mängd nyanlända ensamkommande barn. Då dessa barn har rätt enligt svensk lag att gå i svensk skola, har skolorna fått utvecklas och anpassas för att de nyanlända barnen ska få en så bra skolgång som möjligt. Det finns trots detta inget tydligt ramverk för hur skolor ska anpassa ordinarie undervisning för nyanlända elever, så att de blir inkluderade, vilket innebär att skolor i Sverige agerar olika beroende på hur organisationen ser ut. Syfte Kunskapsöversikten syftar till att ta reda på vad som karaktäriserar forskningen kring hur nyanlända elever inkluderas inom svenskämnet. För att uppnå detta syfte besvaras frågeställningarna Hur definieras begreppen integrering och inkludering?, Vilka anpassningar görs för nyanlända elever i svenskämnet?, Hur utformas undervisningen i svenskämnet för att inkludera nyanlända elever? och Vilka svårigheter och brister uppstår i arbetet med nyanlända elever i svenskämnet? Metod Genom en systematisk litteratursökning gjordes ett urval av studier i databaserna ERIC och Primo. Dessa sökningar dokumenterades och sorterades utifrån relevans, genom att läsa titel och abstract utifrån vad denna kunskapsöversikt skulle syfta till. Sju vetenskapligt granskade artiklar valdes slutligen från dessa databaser utifrån urvalskriterier som var förutbestämda. Studierna skulle vara gjorda i svensk skola och innehålla orden nyanländ, newly arrived, inkludering och anpassning samt vara publicerade mellan år 2014 och 2020. Resultat Utifrån kartläggning av studierna framkom det tydligt att studiehandledare i modersmål är till stor hjälp när det kommer till inkludering av nyanlända elever. Lärare behöver arbeta utifrån ett transspråkande arbetssätt där elevernas modersmål synliggörs i undervisningen och används som ett redskap. Vid anpassning av ordinarie undervisning med hjälp av transspråkande arbetssätt inkluderas de nyanlända eleverna och får en känsla av sammanhang och acceptans. Studierna påvisar positiva effekter av transspråkande arbetssätt, men problematiserar också att studiehandledare ofta används på fel sätt, samt att det inte alltid genomsyrar en positiv attityd till flerspråkighet i ordinarie undervisning. Studierna problematiserar att det inte finns ett tydligt organisatoriskt ramverk som säger hur länge nyanlända elever ska vara i förberedelseklass innan de börjar i ordinarie klass.

The purpose of this report is to investigate what research says about what different types of support that the teacher has to benefit to support newly arrived students' learning in the social studies subject. With a focus on clarifying why the subject of social studies is important in school for both newly arrived students as well as for native students. To answer the purpose, we started from a question. The question served as an aid and guideline during the course of the work, “What does past research say about different types of support to benefit newly arrived students’ learnings in civics?”. In order to obtain a clearer result based on the research, we demarcated the study from grades 7-9 to secondary school students.   To answer our question, we implemented a search process that has been structured based on three databases we used, Swepub, Libsearch and ERIC via EBSCO.    The result shows that there are different types of support that benefit newly arrived students’ learning in teaching and in social studies teaching, for example, the inclusion of newly arrived students’ first language in teaching, scaffolding, placement and study guidance. The conclusion of this study has given us that it’s important for teachers to be able to master knowledge and skills in how to support newly arrived students’ learning in social studies teaching. Which indicates that it’s an important aspect to highlight for the future teaching profession.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeyrket anses vara viktigt, där erfarenhet utvecklas över tid. Det finns flera förväntningar på sjuksköterskan från patienter, kollegor, anhöriga och den framtida sjuksköterskan. Arbetssituationen kan vara utmanande, med förändrade och varierande arbetsuppgifter. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att arbeta som sjuksköterska under sitt första verksamma år och anpassningen som sker under övergången mot självständighet. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie med ett resultat som baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som erhållits genom databassökning via PubMed och Cinahl. Litteraturstudien analyserade och tematiserade resultatets vetenskapliga artiklar. Huvudresultat: Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplevde svårigheter att komma in i arbetsgruppen, samtidigt kämpade de för att hinna utföra tilldelade arbetsuppgifter. Svårigheter kunde uppstå gällande att leva upp till krav och förväntningar från kollegor respektive arbetsgivare. Relationen till de nya kollegorna kunde påverka övergångsprocessen för nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor, där konflikter och ovänligt bemötande från kollegor påverkade övergångsprocessen negativt. Stöttande kollegor och god handledning kunde emellertid främja övergångsprocessen. Slutsats: Svårigheter i form av osäkerhet, krav och förväntningar framgick i litteraturstudiens resultat. Gemensamt för bearbetade studier i denna litteraturstudie är behovet av stöd och handledning hos de nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskorna, då detta kunde underlätta övergångsprocessen. Många nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplevde svårigheter gällande anpassningen och övergångsprocessen till sin nya roll mot självständighet. Fungerande relationer på arbetsplatsen, tydliga arbetsuppgifter och riktlinjer samt en trygg handledning kunde underlätta övergångsprocessen. / Background: The nursing profession is considered important, where experience develops over time. There are several expectations of a nurse from patients, colleagues, relatives, and the nurses in training. The work situation can be challenging with changing and varying tasks. Aim: To describe the newly graduated nurses´ experiences of working as a nurse during their first year in clinical work and the adaptation that takes place during the transition to independence. Method: A descriptive literature study which include 12 scientific articles in the result. The articles were found through the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The literature study analyzed and thematized the articles of the result. Main result: Newly graduated nurses experienced difficulties in participating with the working group, at the same time they struggled keeping up with assigned tasks. Difficulties could arise in terms of living up to the demands and expectations of colleagues and employers, respectively. The relationship with the new colleagues could affect the transition process for newly graduated nurses, where conflicts and unfriendly treatment from colleagues had a negative effect on the transition process. However, supportive colleagues and good guidance could promote the transition process. Conclusion: Difficulties in form of insecurity, demands and expectations were evident in the results of this literature study. A common subject in the processed studies in this literature study was the need for support and guidance for the newly graduated nurses, as this could facilitate the transition process. Many newly graduated nurses experienced difficulties regarding the adaptation and transition process towards independence in their new role. Functioning relationships in the workplace, completing tasks and following guidelines but also safe supervision could facilitate the transition process.

The overall aim of this study is to contribute with knowledge about newly arrived children’s participation in communicative events and the communicative tools that are being practiced by them. The study takes its starting point in a sociocultural perspective on learning and is informed by Vygotsky´s (1896-1934) thoughts on development, which is learning taking place in interaction between people in a sociocultural context. Through participant observation combined with use of interaction analysis, a number of children´s interactions were observed and analyzed. Two newly arrived children were observed during their daily child-to-child interactions during a period of five months. Ethical considerations according to the Swedish research council have been addressed and the study has been approved by the Swedish Central Ethical Review Board. The result shows how newly arrived children participate by combining different communicative tools as speech, bodily language and materials when they shadow, mix languages, invent languages, use their voice, meta-communicates and use surrounding structures in interaction. The result also shows how the newly arrived children’s practice of communicative tools change from a salient bodily form to a more verbal form in a period of five months. This change in their practice of communicative tools leads to changed participation in communicative events in Swedish preschools. The study contributes with knowledge about how newly arrived children use various ways of approaching a new language (Swedish) and a new cultural context but also children´s informal learning which take place in interaction. / Baksidestext Denna uppsats har finansierats med medel från Nationella forskarskolan för ämnesdidaktik i mångfaldens förskola. Förutsättningar och möjligheter för barns språkliga och matematiska utveckling och lärande (FoBaSM). Diarienummer 729-2011-4652. Inom forskarskolan samarbetar Göteborgs universitet, Karlstad universitet, Linköpings universitet och Malmö högskola, som är värdhögskola. Denna uppsats handlar om två nyanlända barn som är nya i det svenska språket samtidigt som de är nya i den svenska förskolan och deras deltagande i språkliga händelser med barn på förskolan. I studien undersöks hur de nyanlända barnen deltar i språkliga händelser och med vilka kommunikativa redskap. Resultatet visar att nyanlända barn kombinerar olika kommunikativa redskap som verbalt språk, kroppsspråk och material då de skuggar, språkblandar, hittar på språk, gör utrop och känsloyttringar med rösten, metakommunicerar och refererar till strukturer i omgivningen i interaktioner. Resultatet visar också hur de nyanlända barnens praktiserande av kommunikativa redskap, går från en mer framträdande kroppslig form till en mer verbalt språklig form på fem månader. Denna förändring innebär ett förändrat deltagande för nyanlända barn i språkliga händelser i förskolan. Uppsatsen bidrar med förståelse för barns olika sätt att kommunicera när de är nya i en språklig och kulturell kontext men också barns informella lärande i interaktion med varandra. Uppsatsen riktar sig till forskare, förskollärare och andra som är intresserade av nyanlända barn och språk i barninteraktioner.

This study has a two-fold purpose; to examine the conceptions of newly qualified preschool teachers concerning preschool teaching and children’s right to participation, as well as their conceptions of professional implications of the legislation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in January 2020. A lack of professional competence regarding CRC has been noticed in Sweden by the Committee on the Rights of the Child and the Swedish government has both published strategies to strengthen the rights of the child and introduced further training concerning CRC to preschool teachers. Previous research shows that preschool teaching is a complex phenomenon, but a number of didactics has been developed to adapt the concept of teaching to preschool context. A study about research in education about human rights (EHR) shows that EHR tend to focus primarily on participation and agency in early childhood education, whereas other areas such as children’s awareness about their own rights and respect towards the rights seem to be connected to primary school. The study’s theoretical framework is phenomenography and concerns qualitatively different ways to experience different phenomenon in the surrounding world, in this case the conceptions of newly qualified preschool teachers. For this purpose, data was collected in a total of ten semi-structured interviews; nine of them via telephone and sound recorded for later transcription, and one through writing. A phenomenographic analysis of the data collection resulted in a total of six categories of description based on the conceptions referential meaning and limitation towards the context and other conceptions.  The categories in the first part, relating to conceptions about the relation between teaching and participation are: Participation as a base for preschool education, Participation through experience-based teaching and The child’s awareness about its right to Participation by reflection. The qualitative differences resided in the level of didactic perception and reasoning about participation. The categories in the second part, relating to conceptions about one’s own didactic competence regarding CRC as well as professional implications of the legislation of the CRC, are: The need for didactic competence regarding the CRC; The mission to actualize the CRC and The need to reflect upon contradictions.  The following conclusions are drawn: participation can be viewed from a preschool didactics perspective in order for the child to develop its participation as well as an awareness about its right to participation; further didactic discussions in relation to education about CRC are needed in both preschool teacher education and preschools in order to actualize CRC in a preschool context. There is also a need for discussions about the implications of the legislation of CRC in relation to individual preschools.

The aim was to study how school professionals working with newly arrived immigrant children and youth experience how these students integrate into the school. The study is a qualitative research conducted in Sweden. The first part of the research focused on studying what factors affect the integration of newly arrived immigrant in schools while the second part focused on what strategy is used to ensure their integration. The findings of the study were thematically analyzed using the ecological systems theory as a framework of analysis. Through semi-structured interviews, four teachers and a counsellor expressed their perception on the integration of newly arrived immigrants’ student into schools. The result showed that the teachers are the core agent for integration within schools. It was shown that past experiences, family, social connections, educational background, school system, migration policies, culture are important factors that affect the integration process of these students.

Bakgrund: Anestesisjuksköterska är ett avancerat yrke som ställer höga krav på kompetens och självständighet. Forskning visar att nyexaminerade anestesisjuksköterskor upplever stress och otrygghet i sin nya profession. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva hur nyexaminerade anestesisjuksköterskor upplever sin första tid på en operationsavdelning. Metod: Deskriptiv design med kvalitativ ansats. Totalt tio anestesisjuksköterskor, från två medelstora och ett litet sjukhus i Mellansverige, inkluderades i studien. Studien har använt ett ändamålsenligt urval. Genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med utgångspunkt från samlades data in. Data har analyserats med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Huvudresultat: Ur anestesisjuksköterskornas beskrivningar framkom fyra huvudkategorier; den nya professionen, personlig utveckling, erfarenhet och organisatoriska faktorer och totalt tio subkategorier; att vara ny anestesisjuksköterska, att uppleva ansvar, att ha prestationskrav, känna tilltro till egen förmåga, att känna arbetsglädje, att utvecklas, brist på erfarenhet, erfarenhet skapar trygghet, brist på stöd från organisationen samt stöd från organisationen. Studien visar att anestesisjuksköterskorna upplevde sin första tid på en operationsavdelning som påfrestande men även som intressant och utvecklande. Nya arbetsuppgifter och stort ansvar upplevdes som betungande i början. Bristen på erfarenhet var stundtals påfrestande men stöd från kollegier bidrog till att majoriteten av anestesisjuksköterskorna upplevde trygghet. Då bristande stöd ökade deras upplevelse av otrygghet och ensamhet, framkom en önskan om mentorskap och mer handledning under anestesisjuksköterskornas första tid. Slutsats: Föreliggande studie beskriver nyexaminerade anestesisjuksköterskors upplevelse och resultatet visar att stress och en känsla av ensamhet präglade den första tiden. Bristande erfarenhet kunde vara påfrestande men med stöd från kollegier upplevde de en ökad trygghet. Resultatet visar att det fanns en önskan om mer stöd i form av mentorskap och handledning under anestesisjuksköterskornas första tid. Överlag ger studien en ökad förståelse för hur nyexaminerade anestesisjuksköterskor upplever sin första tid. / Background: To be a Nurse Anesthetist is advanced and involves high demands for competence and independence. Research has shown that newly graduated nurse anesthetists experience stress and insecurity in their new profession. Aim: The study was aimed to describe how newly graduated nurse anesthetists experience their first time at a surgical ward. Method: Descriptive design with qualitative approach. A total of ten nurse anesthetists from two middle-sized and one small hospital in Sweden were included in the study. Purposive sampling has been used. The data were collected by semi-structured interviews with help from an interview guide. The data have been analyzed with a qualitative content analysis. Findings: The nurse anesthetist’s descriptions in the interviews were sorted in to four main categories and ten subcategories. The main categories were; The new profession, Personal development, Experience, and Organizational elements. The subcategories were: Newly graduated nurse anesthetist’s, To have responsibility, Performance anxiety, Belief in own ability, Job satisfaction, To progress, Lack of experience, Experience creates security, Lack of support from the organization and Support from the organization. The nurse anesthetists describe their first period at the surgical ward as demanding but also interesting and stimulating. New assignments and the large responsibility were described as burdensome at first. The lack of experience was at times hard to deal with but the support from the organization increased their feelings of security. In the study, nurse anesthetists’ wanted more support in the form of mentorship and coaching, as lack of support increased their feelings of insecurity and loneliness. Conclusion: The study describes how newly graduated nurse anesthetists’ experience feelings of stress and loneliness during their first period in a surgical ward. Lack of experience was demanding at first but with support from colleagues their feelings of security increased. The results show that newly graduated nurse anesthetists’ wanted more support in the form of mentorship and coaching. The study provides a deeper understanding of how newly graduated nurse anesthetists’ experience their first period in a surgical ward.