The purpose of my study was to find out about the newly arrived students’ views and perceptions of the Swedish high school, how this vision and perception looked like before they moved here, and if it has changed. I also wanted to find out how they perceived the meeting with the Swedish school, and if they believed that this meeting should or could be improved. In this study, I used a qualitative research method, the phenomenological method, in which I have used qualitative research interviews to collect the empirical data and detect patterns in my research. The theory I used is cultural encounters, and with it, I try to understand how people with different cultural backgrounds create interactions to work together in communities. I also wanted to understand how the students thought and acted, based on their cultural backgrounds. What I concluded was that in all, the newly arrived students’ views and perceptions of the Swedish school before they moved here was relatively positive. The views and perceptions of most of the students consist quite well with the ones they have today. But for those that it doesn’t, the explanations could be many. One of the reasons was how they hade been treated by the school, another was the lack of existence of Swedish speaking students, that forced the newly arrived ones to associate with the ones that spoke the same mother tongue. Also, the educational level seemed to be too low for some students. The treatment they all received looked similar, but some of the students mentioned that the Swedish school needed to develop the introduction classes so that the students with similar expertise could develop in the same rate. It is to be mentioned that the title of my research is a quote from one of the students I interviewed.

This thesis is about the provisioning of development assistance, as a major component of foreign aid. Conventional approaches to the subject have tended to focus on the determinate interactions of discrete agents as the principle units of analysis. This necessarily obscures the functional role development assistance fulfills in relation to the global politico economic order, however. This study, by contrast, properly situates individual programs of development assistance as belonging to a much larger historical pattern, or system of coordinated politico-economic behavior. The objective, therefore, is to apprehend the systematic and functional interrelations existing (i) among the various agents engaged in the transfer of assistance, on the one hand, and (ii) between these institutions and organizations as an aggregate and the global order itself, on the other. ‘Regime analysis’ is utilized as the preferred method of analysis. The basis of the argument is that the regime for the provision of development assistance functions as a regulative-control mechanism, ancillary to the prevailing economic arrangements and relations within the global political economy. Altogether, I argue that regime apparatuses have been configured so as to (i) forestall cataclysmic instabilities in the global politico economic order, and (ii) to induce compliance among developing nations to the order’s organizing principles and-or logic. This is revealed in phases in the liberalization and-or illiberalization of access to external financing over different global-historical epochs and during periods and in contexts of either instability or stability. I find that during periods and in contexts of instability, development assistance has been initiated or expanded in geo-strategic ways so as to regenerate markets and, thereby, obviate, or thwart the anticipated metastasization of adversarial politico-economic organizational frameworks. During periods and in contexts of relative stability, conversely, I find that the provision of development assistance becomes contracted, or made less expansive, as well as increasingly driven by conditionalities. Consequently, the functioning of the regime structurally conditions the developmental orientations and prospects of peripheral nations and regions and, thereby, also contributes to the overall evolution of the global politico-economic order.

Thesis--Toulouse, 1914. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [227]-232).

Bakgrund: Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplever övergången från student till yrkesutövningen som skrämmande. Det är av vikt att de praktiska utbildningsplatserna till studenterna ska finnas tillgängliga med resurser för praktisk utbildning och handledning. Syfte: Att belysa nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av sitt första år i sin yrkesutövning. Metod: Allmän litteratur studie, där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades. Resultat: Sex kategorier framkom: Farhågorna i den nya yrkesrollen; Att känna sig redo i den nya yrkesrollen; Arbetskläder- ökad status; Otillräcklig erfarenhet; Stressig arbetsmiljö och Brist på stöd och handledning. Diskussion: De tre viktigaste fynden var otillräcklig erfarenhet, stressig arbetsmiljö samt brist på stöd och handledning. Att vara oerfaren i den nya rollen upplevdes som en jobbig period. Konflikter i teamet ledde till stress och hälsoproblem. De nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskorna uttryckte en önskan om bättre handledning och stöd. Slutsats: Nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor behöver stöd och handledning i form av introduktionsprogram under första året. / Background: Newly qualified nurses are experiencing the transition from student to profession as appalling. It is important that the training places to students shall be available resources for training and introduction. Aim: To highlight the newly graduated nurses ' experiences of their first year in their profession. Method: General literature study in which 14 scientific articles were reviewed Findings: Six categories were found: Fears of the new professional role; To feel ready in the new professional role; Uniform- increased status; Insufficient experience; Stressful work environment and Lack of support and tutoring.Discussion: The three most important findings was insufficient experience, stressful work environment and lack of support and tutoring. Being inexperienced in the new role was perceived as a tough period. Conflicts in the team led to stress and health problems. The newly graduated nurses expressed a desire for better guidance and support. Conclusion: Newly graduated nurses need support and guidance in the form of introduction program during the first year.

The study explored the relationship between program placement policies regarding the education of recently immigrated students and selected outcomes for these newcomers in urban high schools located in Texas under the implementation of NCLB. In an effort to better understand the impact of such policies on immigrant learning opportunities, this research investigated how newcomers’ identification and promotion, which were based upon English language proficiency testing, affected recent immigrant students’ program placement, course completion and educational achievement. In addition, this study used secondary data analysis to examine how newcomers’ background characteristics were associated with their grade retention rates. Finally, the relationship between students’ background characteristics and newcomers’ academic performance in language arts and mathematics subject areas were examined. This research attempted to answer questions including: 1) How do newly arrived youth students enrolled in newcomer programs, schools, and those enrolled in traditional English as a Second Language (ESL) programs differ with regard to characteristics, such as race, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), course completion, grade retention, and language spoken at home?, 2) How do the differences in characteristics of newly arrived youth students relate to grade retention?, 3) What is the relationship between the growth in academic achievement and newly arrived youth students’ demographic characteristics while enrolled in different programs?, and 4) What kinds of learning opportunities and educational supports are provided by traditional ESL programs, newcomer programs, and newcomer schools for newly arrived youth students in northern and central Texas? Findings indicated newly arrived immigrant adolescents are consistently the most disadvantaged group due to their later start age with limited English proficiency facing a new culture. In general, recently arrived immigrant youths appear to benefit more from teachers with ESL certification as well as even much more experience for serving immigrant adolescents in a safe and caring environment, newcomer schools. / text

Det råder brist på forskning som utgår ifrån nyanlända elevers perspektiv. Syftet med undersökningen var att göra två nyanlända elevers röster hörda och återge deras berättelser om hur de lärde sig det svenska språket. För att belysa detta syfte observerades två nyanlända elever under en skoldag och intervjuades en timme vardera. Eleverna bidrog till insamlandet av empiri genom att fotografera under en skoldag och berätta om sina möten med det svenska språket. Empirin tolkades utifrån en hermeneutisk kunskapssyn och med hjälp av en narrativ analys skapades nya berättelser utifrån elevernas perspektiv. De två nyanlända eleverna har genomgått en stor resa för att komma till Sverige och upplever att lärandet av svenska är viktigt men samtidigt en utmaning. Det har funnits nyckelpersoner i deras möte med det svenska språket. Elevernas sociala, kulturella och personliga historia tas inte tillvaro på eller bekräftas i undervisningen, vilket är viktigt för att främja elevernas inlärning av det svenska språket. Nyanlända elever bär på stora berättelser som är viktiga att lyssna till. / There is little research done about newly arrived students in Sweden, even less based on newly arrived students’ perspectives. The aim of this survey was to raise the voice of two newly arrived students and retell their stories about how they learned Swedish. In this survey, two newly arrived students were observed during one school day and interviewed for one hour. The students participated actively in the survey by photographing what happened during one school day and telling their stories of their encounter with the Swedish language. The empirical facts were interpreted through a hermeneutical perspective and by using a narrative analytical approach new stories from the students’ perspective were formulated. These students have made a big journey coming to Sweden and they perceive learning Swedish an important but challenging task. Learning Swedish there have been key figures such as friends or family supporting the students. In school, the students’ social, cultural and personal history are not recognized or seen as a resource, which is important to promote their learning of Swedish.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av deras första yrkesverksamma år och om utbildningen ger en tillräcklig förberedelse inför yrket. Metod: Åtta nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor intervjuades om deras upplevelser och innehållet analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Sju kategorier och 19 subkategorier framkom. Resultat: Studien visar att de nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskorna var förväntansfulla inför sitt nya yrke men kände samtidigt rädsla och oro inför det stora ansvaret och kraven som ställs inom sjuksköterskans profession. Arbetet upplevdes som stressigt och svårt men med hjälp av stöd och gott bemötande från kollegor och arbetsledare kunde arbetet underlättas och sjuksköterskan kunde känna trygghet. Utbildningen gav grundläggande kunskaper men deltagarna ansåg att kraven och nivån var för låg i utbildningen. De upplevde att de saknade kunskap för det specifika kirurgiska verksamhetsområdet de arbetade inom samt för akutsjukvård. Vissa kurser ansågs som för omfattande medan andra kunde utökas. Slutsats: En bättre förberedelse under utbildningen samt ett bra stöd till nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor kan underlätta övergången från student till yrkesverksam sjuksköterska och därmed bidra till en högre patientsäkerhet. / Aims: The aims of this study was to investigate newly graduated nurses' experiences of their first professional year and if the nursing education provides enough preparation for the profession. Method: Eight newly graduated, registered nurses were interviewed about their experiences and the content was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Seven categories and 19 subcategories revealed. Results: The newly graduated, registered nurses were excited about their new profession, but also felt fear and concern about the great responsibility and demands of the nursing profession. The work was perceived as stressful and difficult but with the support and good treatment from colleagues and supervisors could simplify the work and the nurse could feel more confident. The education provided basic knowledge but the participants felt that the demands and the standards were too low. They felt that they lacked specific knowledge of the ward and for emergency care. Some courses could be considered too wide while others could be expanded. Conclusion: A better preparation and a good support for the newly graduated, registered nurses can ease the transition from student to professional nurse and thereby contribute to greater patient safety.

Syfte: Undersöka hur nyutexaminerade sjuksköterskor upplever sin första yrkesverksamma tid och om utbildningen upplevs ge en tillräcklig förberedelse inför yrket. Metod: En deskriptiv kvalitativ studie. Åtta sjuksköterskor som arbetat mellan åtta och 18 månader på en medicinsk avdelning intervjuades med semistrukturerade frågor. Alla var kvinnor och i åldrarna 24-36 år. Analysmetoden som användes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Det upplevs som en stor omställning att börja arbeta som sjuksköterska. Det var mycket nytt att lära och de upplevde yrket som ansvarsfullt, vilket kunde kännas skrämmande. Successivt upplevde de att de blev tryggare i sin roll. Upplevelser av skräck och osäkerhet inför att börja arbeta var vanliga men arbetskamraterna upplevdes vara ett stort stöd. Att börja arbeta möttes med blandade känslor och den grundläggande omvårdnaden upplevdes vara det lättaste. Det som upplevdes vara mest relevant från utbildningen var kurserna med medicinskt innehåll inklusive den verksamhetsförlagda utbildningen. Det sjuksköterskorna upplevde var mindre relevant i utbildningen var den vetenskapliga metodiken samt pedagogikkurserna. Slutsats: Det kan upplevas vara en stor omställning att gå från student till legitimerad sjuksköterska och möts ofta med blandade känslor. Det finns flera delar i utbildningen som skulle kunna omarbetas för att bättre förbereda sjuksköterskan inför yrket. / Aim: Investigate newly graduated nurses experiences of their first period as nurses and if the education are perceived to provide a sufficient preparation for the nursing profession. Method: Descriptive qualitative study. Eight registered nurses who had worked between eight and 18 months at a medical ward were interviewed using semi-structured questions. All participants were female in the ages between 24-36 years. The analytical method used was qualitative content analysis. Results: It’s perceived as a major adjustment beginning to work as a nurse. There were many new things to learn and they perceived the profession as a great responsibility, which could be frightening. Gradually they experienced that they became more comfortable in their role. Experiences of fear and uncertainty were common before starting their work but their colleagues were a great support. Starting to work was met with mixed emotions and the basic nursing care was perceived to be the easiest thing. The courses with medical content and the clinical education were perceived to be relevant during the education. They felt that the scientific methodology and the pedagogical courses were less relevant. Conclusion: Going from student to registered nurse could be perceived as a big adjustment and is often met with mixed emotions. There are several elements in the education that could be revised to better prepare nurses for the profession.

My study is about a preparation class in a selected municipality. It is based on the child¹s perspective, and it tries to highlight the school situation of new arrivals in a school where the majority of the pupils are of Swedish origin. The purpose of my study is to visualize how the education for newly arrived children is organized in the municipality, and to get an understanding of a range of student’s view of the schooling in the preparation class as an introduction to a regular class. To reach my goal, I have used qualitative methods, based on qualitative interviews. The interviews were made with six newly arrived pupils, and one interview was made with the deputy head of the school, which is in charge of immigrant education in the municipality. The results show that the four primary schools in the municipality have two preparation classes located in a school for year 1-5 and 6-9. The interviewed pupils are between 13 and 15 years old. The interview reveals deficiencies in different areas, concerning the newly arrived children. The pupils are relatively segregated in school and they have no opportunities to form relationships with other pupils, which can lead to stigma. The education is characterized by lower expectations, and it is not ideal for the children’s cognitive development. The pupils also receive mother tongue education, and a few of them get student consolation. Most of them prefer student consolation, where the education is in Swedish simultaneously with their native language. The mother tongue education is not yet suited to the pupils’ abilities and needs, and the teachers in mother tongue language have a lack of qualifications.

Bakgrund: Det krävs en god och genomtänkt introduktion för att nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor ska komma in i arbetet på den nya arbetsplatsen. Syfte: Syftet med pilotstudien var att beskriva nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av introduktionen till den nya yrkesrollen. Metod: Fyra nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor med mellan 9 månader till 21 månaders erfarenhet av operationssjuksköterskeyrket har intervjuats. Intervjuerna har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Planering och struktur där det visade sig att det funnits en plan för introduktionen av nyanställda operationssjuksköterskor men att den följdes olika och skilde sig åt beroende på vilken operationsavdelning det var. Eget ansvar där det, allt eftersom tiden gick, lades mer och mer ansvar på den nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskan att själv ansvara för det som behövde läras in. Kollegors förväntningar där nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor efter en tid in i introduktionen kände en stress av att leva upp till outtalade förväntningar från både läkar- och operationssjuksköterskekolleger att kunna och förstå saker de ännu inte fått genomgång av. Kollegialt stöd där det visade sig att det var en trygghet för de nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskona att de kände en acceptans då de hade mycket frågor och funderingar kring den nya yrkesrollen. Resultatet från pilotstudien kan vara till hjälp på operationsavdelningar vid utveckling av rutiner så att introduktionen av nyutexaminerade operationssjuksköterskor ska kunna bli så optimal som möjligt. / Background: It requires a good and deliberated introduction to the newly graduated theater nurses to begin to work in the new workplace. Aim: The aim of this pilot study was to describe newly graduated theatre nurses' experiences of the introduction to the new professional role. Method: Four theatre nurses with 9 months to 21 months of experience in the theatre nursing profession were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: Planning and structure where it turned out that there was a plan for introduction of newly graduated theatre nurses, but it differed depending on the operating theatre. Personal responsibility where it was shown that as time passed it was the nurses´ own responsibility to find out what was necessary to learn. Colleagues' expectations where the newly graduated theatre nurses experienced that after a time into the introduction they felt stressed to meet the unspoken expectations from both surgeons and theatre nursing colleagues to know and understand things they had not been shown. Collegially support where it was shown that the newly graduated theatre nurses felt acceptance from colleagues when they had lots of questions and concerns in the new professional role. The results of the pilot study can be helpful in surgical wards in the development of procedures to make the introduction of new graduate theatre nurses to be as optimal as possible.