Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur musikhögskolestudenter med inriktning gitarrpedagog läser a prima vista. För att undersöka detta gjordes ett experiment där jag skrev tre olika notexempel som tre blivande gitarrpedagoger ur årskurs 1 på en musikhögskola fick spela. Detta observerades genom videoobservationer för att kunna analyseras med utgångspunkt i variationsteorin i efterhand. Som bakgrund för studien har jag tagit fram forskning om bland annat gitarrens uppbyggnad, gehör, notläsningsstrategier och notläsning i jämförelse med läsinlärning. Resultatet visade bland annat att förmåga att utläsa tonhöjd och att välja fingersättning var det som informanterna hade mest problem med. I diskussionsdelen diskuteras resultatet i förhållande till bakgrunden men även ur ett didaktiskt perspektiv.

Den föreliggande studien ämnade undersöka sångelevers erfarenheter av att använda noter inom musikämnena på gymnasiet. Problematiken som föranledde studien var att sånginstrumentet sitter inuti människokroppen, vilket gör sånginstrumentet till ett speciellt instrument som kan ha svårare att pricka rätt noterade toner än andra instrument som är utomkroppsliga. Detta leder till att sångare behöver öva och få erfarenheter av att musicera via noter för att lättare kunna känna och pricka de noterade tonerna med hjälp av sina röster. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sångelevers erfarenheter av att använda noter i sitt musicerande. De frågeställningar som använts i studien har berört hur sångeleverna använder noter i sitt musicerande, hur sångeleverna erfarit notskrift som ett komplext redskap i sitt musicerande samt vilken betydelse som noter har för deras musicerande. Frågeställningarna för studien konstruerades efter ett sociokulturellt perspektiv som var den vetenskapliga ansatsen för studien. Sex kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med sångelever på en gymnasieskola. Datan analyserades sedan genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys där sociokulturella teman bildades, exempelvis i vilka musikaliska hur de använde noter och betydelsen av att kunna använda noter i sitt musicerande. Resultatet visade att sångeleverna använde noter i många av musikämnena i gymnasieskolan, men att det förekom vissa skillnader i notanvändningens omfattning mellan ämnen samt användningen av noter i skolan och på fritiden. Notanvändning var något som sångeleverna förknippade med skolan och noter beskrevs som tråkigt men användbart i musicerandet. Resultatet av studien visade att sångelever helst använde noter när de skulle lära sig ett nytt stycke, men lämnade helst noterna när de lärt sig stycket för att inte bli för låsta vid noterna.

<p>This study examines how to translate digitally composed symphonic music to note script and how it gets readable and playable. With the help of professional musicians from the Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, teachers from Kulturskolan in Norrköping as well as other musicians, I have learned how I can improve each individual stem in my composition. I also learned how to write for a real musician. My score have been analyzed by composers and a conductor which have given me a more in depth insight into composing symphonic music.</p><p>The theory section describes important MIDI aspects, score preparation and note editing techniques. Thereafter is a section about the symphony orchestra and its instruments’ history and how the situation is today. Furthermore the work process of the conductor and the choral conductor are described as well as the interpretation of the musician. The theory section concludes with a survey on musical factors in relation to experienced emotions.</p><p>The execution section describes how I first worked with the composition to adjust MIDI values in the sequencer program Nuendo 3, then how to write correct note script in the note script program Finale 2009. Thereafter the adjustments I needed to make after interviewing musicians as well as composers and a conductor are described and eventual problems that occurred meanwhile.</p><p>The result section sums up the thoughts and suggestions made by the professional musicians, composers and conductor about the individual parts’ playability and readability. It turned out that the stems were written in the wrong time signature and had a few graphical flaws. The result of the survey on the digital composition experienced by the musicians as well as the composers is described. Most people experienced the piece as warlike.</p><p>The discussion section and conclusion discuss what could have been done differently, what compromises had to be made and what were most difficult to execute. MIDI related issues are discussed that take place in composing digital music and during the translation to note script. Then my opinion regarding how well this method works in translating MIDI to note script is discussed as well as what I would do different in an upcoming project. Lastly I speak about suggested topics for future research.</p>

This study examines how to translate digitally composed symphonic music to note script and how it gets readable and playable. With the help of professional musicians from the Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, teachers from Kulturskolan in Norrköping as well as other musicians, I have learned how I can improve each individual stem in my composition. I also learned how to write for a real musician. My score have been analyzed by composers and a conductor which have given me a more in depth insight into composing symphonic music. The theory section describes important MIDI aspects, score preparation and note editing techniques. Thereafter is a section about the symphony orchestra and its instruments’ history and how the situation is today. Furthermore the work process of the conductor and the choral conductor are described as well as the interpretation of the musician. The theory section concludes with a survey on musical factors in relation to experienced emotions. The execution section describes how I first worked with the composition to adjust MIDI values in the sequencer program Nuendo 3, then how to write correct note script in the note script program Finale 2009. Thereafter the adjustments I needed to make after interviewing musicians as well as composers and a conductor are described and eventual problems that occurred meanwhile. The result section sums up the thoughts and suggestions made by the professional musicians, composers and conductor about the individual parts’ playability and readability. It turned out that the stems were written in the wrong time signature and had a few graphical flaws. The result of the survey on the digital composition experienced by the musicians as well as the composers is described. Most people experienced the piece as warlike. The discussion section and conclusion discuss what could have been done differently, what compromises had to be made and what were most difficult to execute. MIDI related issues are discussed that take place in composing digital music and during the translation to note script. Then my opinion regarding how well this method works in translating MIDI to note script is discussed as well as what I would do different in an upcoming project. Lastly I speak about suggested topics for future research.

Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att undersöka vad fyra musiklärare på högstadiet har för musikalisk bakgrund och hur de använder sig av traditionell västerländsk notskrift i undervisningen. Tidigare forskning tar upp noters likhet med skriftspråk, noters roll i musikundervisning och identitet och förebilder i musik. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har sociokulturellt perspektiv använts. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med fyra musiklärare i högstadiet och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultaten visade att noter främst användes i undervisning i trumspel och melodispel på piano och mer sällan i undervisning i sång, gitarr och ackordspel på piano. Det framkom även att de musiklärare som hade en mer populärmusikalisk bakgrund tenderade att använda noter mindre i undervisningen än de med en klassisk bakgrund. Vidare diskuteras ur vilka perspektiv sambandet mellan musikalisk bakgrund och notanvändning kan förstås, praktiska aspekter av att undervisa med eller utan noter och hur musikundervisning speglar noters samhällsstatus. / This study aims to examine the musical background of four music teachers in lower secondary school and how they use traditional Western musical notation in their teaching. Previous research addresses the similarities of musical notation with written language, the role of musical notation in music teaching and identity and role models in music. Socio- cultural perspective has been used as a theoretical starting point. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four music teachers in lower secondary school and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results showed that musical notation is mainly used in teaching drums and melody playing on piano but rarely when teaching singing, guitar and chord playing on piano. The study also showed that the music teachers who had a more pop musical background tended to use musical notation less in their teaching than those with a classical background. Furthermore, it is discussed from which perspectives the connection between musical background and the use of musical notation can be understood, practical aspects of teaching with or without musical notation and how music teaching reflects the social status of musical notation.