<p>In today’s economical world, companies realize the importance to build corporate strategies on innovation to sustain a continuous profitability. Innovation is a crucial issue to develop a competitive advantage. In our networked economy, companies can not only rely on in-house activities anymore to raise creative and come up with breakthrough innovations they need to collaborate with actors from the external environment. Firms have to think outside their own boundaries to leverage the complementary resources and capabilities needed to innovate. Partnerships help to ensure firms’ future successes.</p><p>The purpose of our study is to understand how companies, operating in the automotive industry, integrate ‘Open and Networked Innovation’ concepts in their corporate strategy to enhance their environmental friendly profile. As far as the EV market is concerned, our study will also lead to determine the Key Factors of Success and the barriers that companies have to face when they want to launch an electric car in the market.</p><p>Various theoretical approaches have been developed over the time about Open Innovation and Networked Innovation. The dilemma of paradoxical organization needs of radical innovation, exposed by Dr Sigvald Harryson, is our theoretical starting-point to analyze company’s ability to find the right equilibrium between exploration and exploitation and absorptive capacity. Further on, we explore the question of absorptive capacity to know how firms identify, acquire, transfer and transform knowledge.</p><p>Thereafter, the theoretical framework is confronted with empirical data based on a qualitative and abductive approach of two case studies – Tesla and Renault. Interviews with Tesla, located in the Silicon Valley, California, USA, have been conducted. We also met two key employees in Renault’s headquarter, Paris, France. Interpretation and explanation of the data collected is reported in our analysis of each case as well as in the cross-case analysis. A presentation of our recommendations and conclusions conclude our master thesis.</p>

Thesis (MScEng (Industrial Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Organisations are continuously striving to attain and maintain a competitive advantage over their peers. The innovation process provides an excellent vehicle for driving this sustained quest for competitiveness, whether on product, process or strategic level. However, in reality the increased availability and adoption of technology force organisations to increase the speed and effectiveness of their innovation processes to match not only those of their competitors, but to deal with the ever-increasing power of the individual – the empowered, consuming, producing “prosumer”. The innovation process itself should therefore undergo dramatic alterations to cope with – and include – these empowered prosumers. It is for this reason that the evolution of the innovation process has undergone changes, and is now moving towards the notion of Open Innovation. Although Open Innovation has been adopted by various organisations, it was found that a wellformulated, standardised set of Open Innovation models is lacking from existing literature. This research bridges the gap between the previous innovation models and the notion of an open approach to internal innovation, to improve the speed and effectiveness of the innovation process. It does this by investigating two primary research fields: innovation and Open Innovation, and then merging the two fields to provide a standardised framework to incorporate Open Innovation in the standard innovation process. The fundamentals of innovation are investigated, whereafter the focus moves to understanding a specific, existing innovation process framework, the Fugle Innovation Process Model. The second field (Open Innovation) is introduced, whereafter various literature sources (real-life examples, case studies and interviews) are used to develop (categorise, define and describe) five standard Open Innovation models. The five developed Open Innovation models are then allocated to the investigated, standard innovation process, according to what is needed in that particular phase of the innovation process and the beneficial offerings of each Open Innovation model. The allocated models therefore provide a potential substitute for the existing internal activity associated with each of the specific phases. The result is an existing innovation process model, populated with implementable Open Innovation models to increase not only the value of the innovation process model, but also the value to organisations who wish to deploy Open Innovation. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Maatskappye is voortdurend besig om ’n mededingende voordeel bo hulle mededingers te probeer verkry en te handhaaf. Die innovasieproses bied ’n uitstekende metode om hierdie doel na te streef, hetsy op produk-, proses- of strategiese vlak. Die realiteit is egter dat die tempo waarmee tegnologie aangeneem en aanvaar word, en sodoende vrylik gebruik word, konstant toeneem. Dit dwing maatskappye om die spoed en effektiwiteit van hulle innovasieproses volhoubaar te verbeter, nie net om by te hou by hulle mededingers nie, maar ook om die maatskappy korrek te posisioneer ten opsigte van die moderne, bemagtigde verbruiker. Die innovasieproses moet dus self ’n gedaanteverwisseling ondergaan om ruimte te bied vir die insluiting van hierdie bemagtigde verbruikers. Daarom verander die evolusionêre progressie van die innovasieproses voortdurend en is dit besig om in die rigting van “Oop Innovasie” te beweeg. Alhoewel Oop Innovasie reeds deur verskeie maatskappye toegepas word, is daar gevind dat goed geformuleerde, standaard-, implementeerbare prosesse (of modelle) steeds in die literatuur ontbreek. Hierdie navorsings oorbrug dus die leemte tussen die meer konvensionele “geslote innovasie” en die nuwerwetse neiging na “Oop Innovasie”, om sodoende die spoed en effektiwiteit van die interne innovasieproses te verbeter. Dit word bereik deur die twee kernnavorsingsvelde te ondersoek: innovasie en Oop Innovasie, en dan die twee velde te kombineer om ’n gestandaardiseerde model te skep wat Oop Innovasie by die standaard-innovasieproses insluit. Die metodiek fokus eerstens op die kernaspekte van innovasie om ’n beter begrip van die veld te ontwikkel. Daarna verskuif die klem na die beskrywing van ’n reeds bestaande innovasieprosesmodel, die Fugle-innovasieprosesmodel. Hierna word Oop Innovasie bekend gestel, waarna vyf implementeerbare Oop Innovasie-modelle ontwikkel word aan die hand van verskeie werklike voorbeelde, gevallestudies en onderhoude, om sodoende die modelle te groepeer, te definieer en te beskryf (voordele, nadele en vereistes). Die vyf Oop Innovasie-modelle word hierna toegedeel aan die verskillende fases van die innovasieprosesmodel deur ’n vergelyking te tref tussen die behoeftes van elk van die fases en die proposisie wat elk van die Oop Innovasie-modelle bied. Die resultaat is dus ’n bestaande innovasieprosesmodel waarvan die waarde verhoog is deur die insluiting van implementeerbare Oop Innovasie-modelle. Dit voeg waarde toe vir organisasies wat graag ’n Oop Innovasieproses wil instel.

For the past decades, sustainability enhancement has become a necessity for ensuring a brighter future for the coming generations. Promoting technologybased innovation is seen as the main path for reaching the ambitious sustainable development goals. However, the academic literature about innovation highlights the need for an open innovation approach because sustainable innovations require consideration of complex issues throughout the entire product life cycle. Building on previous research on external collaboration and radical sustainability-oriented innovation, this qualitative single case study aims at extending the knowledge by particularly focusing on collaborative capabilities in the early development stages of publicly funded networks. The empirical findings were obtained through nine semi-structured interviews, and they were supported by available documentation, from the selected European research and development consortium within smart paper-based electronics. The outcome of the thesis is a framework summarizing success factors and challenges for the identified themes; capability, expectation, disposition, communication, management, commitment, and experience. Furthermore, the findings suggest that decision-making, preconditions, resourcing, and commitment, are the four main differences when comparing to collaborative capabilities in small and medium-sized enterprises, and large companies. Concerning managerial implications, top-level managers should carefully consider the strategic objectives of participating in networks, to guarantee organizational and personal commitment. / Under de senaste decennierna har hållbarhetstänket blivit en nödvändighet för att säkerställa en ljusare framtid för kommande generationer. Att främja teknikbaserad innovation ses som en huvudväg för att nå de ambitiösa målen för hållbar utveckling. Akademisk litteratur om innovation framhäver emellertid behovet av en öppen innovationsstrategi, eftersom hållbara innovationer kräver överväganden av komplexa problem under produktens hela livscykel. Med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning kring externt samarbete och radikal hållbarhetsinriktad innovation, syftar denna kvalitativa fallstudie till att utöka kunskapen genom att särskilt fokusera på samverkansförmågor i de tidiga utvecklingsstadierna av offentligt finansierade nätverk. De empiriska resultaten erhölls genom nio semistrukturerade intervjuer och stöttades av tillgänglig dokumentation, från den utvalda europeiskt forsknings- och utvecklingskonsortium inom smart pappersbaserad elektronik. Resultatet av avhandlingen är ett ramverk som sammanfattar framgångsfaktorer och utmaningar för de identifierade teman; förmåga, förväntning, disposition, kommunikation, ledning, engagemang och erfarenhet. Dessutom tyder resultaten på att beslutsfattande, förutsättningar, resurser och engagemang är de fyra största skillnaderna när det gäller samarbetsförmågor i små och medelstora företag samt stora företag. Vad gäller ledarskap, bör chefer på toppnivå noga överväga de strategiska målen för deltagande i nätverk, för att garantera organisatoriskt och personligt engagemang

Submitted by Rodrigo Bezerra da Silva (bezerra_digo@hotmail.com) on 2016-10-31T12:54:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Texto_do_trabalho_3110 versão final.pdf: 3199820 bytes, checksum: 8f2b8ba6ec336d4337daeee2d95a6d88 (MD5) / Rejected by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br), reason: Boa Tarde, Rodrigo O Titulo do trabalho submetido não é o mesmo do aprovado em ATA, caso tenho sido solicitado alteração a orientadora do grupo deverá encaminhar e-mail informando novo titulo e posteriormente também deverá comparecer na secretaria para anotação do titulo em alta. A ficha catalográfica deve vir na pagina seguinte da contra capa. Peço proceder com as alterações e fazer nova submissão, lembrando que só poderá submeter após e-mail da orientadora informando o novo titulo. Atenciosamente SRA on 2016-10-31T16:33:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Rodrigo Bezerra da Silva (bezerra_digo@hotmail.com) on 2016-11-03T10:43:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE LIVING LABS E SUA GOVERNANÇA POR TEMAS DA CIDADE INTELIGENTE O CASO DA LINHA VERDE EM CURITIBA.pdf: 3309943 bytes, checksum: d6be3ce9b19ddf6ae3f8414772762515 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Fabiana da Silva Segura (fabiana.segura@fgv.br) on 2016-11-03T15:08:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE LIVING LABS E SUA GOVERNANÇA POR TEMAS DA CIDADE INTELIGENTE O CASO DA LINHA VERDE EM CURITIBA.pdf: 3309943 bytes, checksum: d6be3ce9b19ddf6ae3f8414772762515 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T15:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ESTRUTURAÇÃO DE LIVING LABS E SUA GOVERNANÇA POR TEMAS DA CIDADE INTELIGENTE O CASO DA LINHA VERDE EM CURITIBA.pdf: 3309943 bytes, checksum: d6be3ce9b19ddf6ae3f8414772762515 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-06 / The purpose of this work is to elaborate a proposal of Living Labs organization on the region known as 'Linha Verde' urban zone of road BR 116, that crosses Curitiba and became the sixth structuring axis of the city. As an old road, it provides low added-value services and has social demands pending of solution, as the same time as it is passing by an urban requalification process aiming the change in this scenario. It is believed that, by transforming this route in a sustainable innovation center, the attractiveness of this zone will be increased, bringing in companies and services intensive in technology and of higher complexity. To accomplish the change in 'Linha Verde' in aaccordance with the Reference Term presented by the City Hall of Curitiba to Fundação Getulio Vargas, a study on Living Labs was conducted – real life experimentation labs that target the creation of innovative products and services through public-private-personal partnerships. The research methods applied in the formulation of the present thesis proposal were national and international experience collection through literature revision, semi-structured interviews with key players of 'Linha Verde' project material analysis and field visits. The Strategic Situational Planning was used to realize scenario diagnosis and proposals to the solution of the case. The proposal developed in the work consists of mapping potential Living Labs for 'Linha Verde' detaling important aspects apprehended in bibliographical review (coordination, participation and network formation and implementation method). It was made the option of suggesting them according to the six interest areas of a smart city (smart environment, smart mobility, smart living, smart people, smart economy and smart governance) given the fact that Curitiba already adopts this concept. In addition to that, the creation of a structure of governance and innovative ideas capitation was suggested, based on researched international experiences. Possible externalities that the Living Labs may bring to the city are also presented. Lastly, the steps of the proposal implemetation are presented. The initiatives presented here can contribute to make the 'Linha Verde' a social and economic development area serving as a laboratory of innovative urban solutions. / O objetivo desse trabalho consiste na elaboração de proposta para estruturação de Living Labs na região da Linha Verde, trecho urbano da BR 116, que cruza Curitiba, e que se tornou o sexto eixo estruturante da cidade. Por ser antiga rodovia, apresenta serviços de baixo valor agregado, com demandas sociais a serem resolvidas, e passa por um processo de requalificação urbana, visando mudar esse cenário. Acredita-se que transformar essa via num centro de inovações urbanas sustentáveis aumentará a atratividade da região, trazendo empresas e serviços intensivos em tecnologia e de maior complexidade. Para realizar essa mudança na Linha Verde, atendendo ao Termo de Referência apresentado à Fundação Getulio Vargas pela Prefeitura de Curitiba, realizou-se estudo de Living Labs – laboratórios de experimentação na vida real, cujo objetivo é criar produtos e serviços inovadores por meio de parcerias público-privada-pessoais. Os métodos de pesquisa utilizados para formulação da proposta dessa dissertação foram: revisão de literatura com levantamento de experiências nacionais e internacionais, entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores do projeto da Linha Verde, análise de materiais e visitas de campo. Utilizou-se o Planejamento Estratégico Situacional para diagnóstico do cenário e proposição das soluções para o caso. A proposta elaborada no trabalho consiste no mapeamento de potenciais Living Labs para a Linha Verde, com detalhamento de aspectos importantes identificados na revisão bibliográfica (coordenação, participação, formação da rede e método de implementação). Optou-se por sugeri-los de acordo com as seis áreas de interesse de uma cidade inteligente (smart environment, smart mobility, smart living, smart people, smart economy e smart governance), visto que Curitiba já adota esse conceito. Adicionalmente, sugeriu-se a criação de estrutura de governança e de captação de ideias inovadoras, baseadas em experiências internacionais pesquisadas. Apresentam-se também possíveis externalidades que os Living Labs podem trazer à cidade. Por fim, apresentam-se as etapas de implantação da proposta. As iniciativas aqui propostas podem contribuir para tornar a Linha Verde uma área de desenvolvimento econômico e social, servindo como um laboratório de soluções urbanas inovadoras.

Sous la pression croissante de l'innovation, les entreprises sont plus que jamais obligées de s’occuper de la gestion de l'innovation, et plus particulièrement la génération systématique et la sélection des idées. Ceci s’applique en particulier aux secteurs technologiques tels que l'automobile.L’idéation signifie la procédure de la génération et sélection des idées pour les innovations de nouveaux produits, services où modèles d’affaires avec un potentiel commercial sur le marché. Elle se situe au début de la phase floue amont (« fuzzy front-end », FFE) du processus de l'innovation et détermine le processus de développement de nouveaux produits (« New Product Development », NPD).Dans ce contexte, cette thèse vise à répondre à la question de recherche suivante: « Comment est-il possible de créer une approche structurée qui fait de l’idéation la tâche principale de la FFE et l’implémenter comme processus dans un environnement d'entreprise pour faciliter la gestion de l'innovation? » À cet objectif, la principale contribution de ce travail est un modèle « étape – points de décision » (« stage-gate » en anglais) d’un processus d’idéation de référence qui est basé sur un ensemble des facteurs clés de succès identifiés dans la littérature et des entrevues d'experts.Le modèle de processus d’idéation de référence proposé s’appuie sur l’intégration forte et systématique des acteurs internes et externes dans l'idéation et intègre ainsi intrinsèquement le paradigme modern de l'Innovation Ouverte. Il a été conçu de manière qu’il puisse être intégré dans les processus d'innovation existants avec des efforts raisonnables, et qu’il assure l’alignement des activités d'idéation avec la stratégie commerciale de l'entreprise.La validation du modèle de processus de référence proposé a été faite chez le sous-traitant automobile allemand KSPG Automotive Group essentiellement par la dérivation d'un processus spécifique à cette entreprise à partir du processus de référence. Ce processus dérivé prend en compte le contexte spécifique de l'innovation et l'idéation chez cette entreprise et facilite par conséquence son intégration dans la culture organisationnelle de l'entreprise et son paysage de processus.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, la faisabilité de l'approche globale ainsi que le processus d'idéation lui-même ont été validés, et un concept pour l'introduction du nouveau processus a été établi. Sur cette base solide sont données des perspectives pour les prochaines activités de recherche qui sont directement liées à l'introduction et l'amélioration du processus, ainsi que la détermination de l'applicabilité de l'approche dans d’autres secteurs industriels. / Under the rapidly increasing innovation pressure, companies are forced—more than ever before—to deal with the subject of innovation management, particularly with systematic idea generation and selection. This is especially true in technology-driven sectors such as automotive.Ideation denotes the procedure of idea generation and selection for innovations of products, services or business models with commercialisation potential on the market. It is located in the very beginning of the fuzzy front-end (FFE) of the entire innovation process and sets the course for New Product Development (NPD).In this context, this work attempts to answer the following research question: “How is it possible to create a structured approach which makes ideation the core task of the FFE, and to implement it as a process in a corporate environment such that it facilitates innovation management?” To this aim, its principal contribution is an ideation stage-gate reference process model based on a set of key success factors identified from literature and expert interviews.The proposed ideation reference process model capitalises on the strong and systematic involvement of internal and external stakeholders in ideation, and therefore follows intrinsically the modern paradigm of Open Innovation. It is designed in a way that can be integrated in existing innovation processes with reasonable effort, and it assures the alignment of ideation activities with the company’s business strategy.The validation of the proposed reference process model has been done at the German automotive supplier KSPG Automotive Group based on the derivation of a company-specific ideation process from the reference process. This derived process takes into account the company’s specific context of innovation and ideation, and is consequently focused on facilitating its integration into the company’s organisational culture and process landscape while introducing a fundamentally new approach to systematic ideation activities.In the scope of this thesis, the feasibility of the total approach as well as the ideation process itself has been demonstrated, and a concept for the broad introduction of the new process has been established. On this solid basis, perspectives for future research activities directly linked to the introduction and the improvement of the process, as well as to the determination of the applicability of the approach in different industry sectors are given.

Background: Innovation and collaboration are deemed popular terms that are widely used and agreed on. It is implied that innovation without collaboration seems to be unlikely (Deichmann et al., 2017, Haanæs et al., 2018, Innov8rs, 2018). However, the meaning behind innovations of disruptive, incremental, or radical character remains vague and presumably differs between practitioners, just as it differs among scholars. Also, the literature only implies how collaboration can be used effectively for innovation, whilst focussing more on what forms of collaborations are existing.   Research questions: How is innovation understood in the CIC? How does the CIC work together in order to realise cross-industry collaborations for innovation?   Purpose: This study aims at investigating the variety of innovation understanding and how it is applied in collaborations, based on the views of practitioners from different companies that are part of the Cross Industry Club.   Method: This research is designed as an exploratory case study and follows a qualitative strategy with abductive reasoning. Data is collected through nine semi-structured interviews with representatives from five different companies.   Conclusion: The study revealed that practitioners have other aspects in mind which define their understanding of innovation compared to scholars. By that, the usage of innovation terminology is rather arbitrary in practice. The influence of innovation frameworks on the understanding of innovation and the collaborative work have been revealed. Innovation in a cross-industry collaboration, in its purpose and characteristics, is similar to the work of communities of practice. Challenges that appear during the emergence of a collaboration like the CIC, and values that affect the initial work towards cross-industry projects, have been identified.

The perspectives of Brazil, in terms of Research and Development are not optimistic, since the investments are still low. Such picture of innovation scarcity is even more noticeable in companies of small- sized. Among the possible alternatives of innovation, glimpses a open innovation (OI). In Brazil, that already exist some initiatives related to the disclosure, promotion and adoption of Open Innovation, however, it is perceived that the focus of the research hovers in the look of the large companies, thus, it is understood the relevance of the study of the thematic in a doctoral thesis ,since the reality that is proposed to be studied, that is,companies small-sized, still lacks studies. Thus, this study has as a research question: how is open innovation adopted in companies of small-sized in the information and communication technology sector? Therefore, the study is characterizing itself as a qualitative approach research, of exploratory nature, and the research strategy is configured as a multiple case study. The analysis corpus covers organizations linked to the Local Productive Arrangement of the Information and Communications Technology Sector, located in the city of Santa Maria/RS, called Software Center. Among the main results, evidenced that organizations are considered young, since the average time in the market refers to six or eight years, they count, on average, with about seventeen employees in its functional framework. It was possible to identify that most managers do not have conceptual knowledge of Open Innovation, however, this does not prevent organizations from to leave to practice on openness initiatives, in reference of the reasons for the opening, stands out the fact the organizations belong to the sector of Information and Communications technology, what forecasts close relationship with the clients in the daily processes and the culture of openness, are preponderant reasons for the adoption of Open Innovation. In addition, among the main partners of Open Innovation include clients and the innovations raise from the opening processes, being Characterizing itself mainly as incremental stamp innovations. Curiously, the managers point out that being part of the Local Productive Arrangement Software Center does not influence the process of opening the company. At the end of the study, the contribution of the thesis concerns a theoretical framework proposal, which is intends to generate insights and guide managers in the adoption of open innovation in companies of small-sized. / As perspectivas do Brasil, em termos de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (P&D), não são otimistas, visto que os investimentos ainda são baixos. Tal quadro de escassez de inovação é ainda mais perceptível nas empresas de pequeno porte. Dentre as alternativas possíveis de inovação, vislumbra-se a open innovation (OI). No Brasil, já existem algumas iniciativas relacionadas à divulgação, promoção e adoção da OI, entretanto, percebe-se que o foco das pesquisas paira no olhar das grandes empresas, assim, entende-se a relevância do estudo da temática em uma tese de doutorado, uma vez que a realidade que se propõe a ser estudada, ou seja, empresas de pequeno porte, ainda carece de estudos. Desse modo, este estudo tem como questão de pesquisa: Como a inovação aberta é adotada em empresas de pequeno porte do setor de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações? Para tanto, o estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, e a estratégia de pesquisa configura-se como um estudo de casos múltiplo. O corpus de análise abrange as organizações vinculadas ao arranjo produtivo local (APL) do setor de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicações (TIC), localizado na cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Dentre os principais resultados, evidenciou-se que as organizações são consideradas jovens, visto que a média de tempo no mercado refere-se a seis ou oito anos, contam, em média, com cerca de 17 colaboradores no seu quadro funcional. Foi possível identificar que grande parte dos gestores não possui conhecimento conceitual de OI, entretanto, isso não impede que as organizações deixem de praticar iniciativas de abertura. No que tange aos motivos da abertura, destaca-se que o fato das organizações pertencerem ao setor de TIC, o qual prevê relacionamento estreito com os clientes nos processos diários e a cultura de abertura, são motivos preponderantes para a adoção de OI. Ademais, entre os principais parceiros de OI figuram os clientes e as inovações oriundas dos processos de abertura, caracterizando-se principalmente, como inovações de cunho incremental. Curiosamente, os gestores apontam que fazer parte do APL Centrosoftware não influencia o processo de abertura da empresa. Finalizando o estudo, a contribuição da tese diz respeito a uma proposta de framework teórico, que tem a intenção de gerar insights e guiar os gestores na adoção da inovação aberta em empresas de pequeno porte.

Background: Most of the existing literature regarding innovation and innovation strategies focus on high-tech industries. In contrast low- and medium-technology industries are receiving very little attention despite the category is making up the largest part of the manufacturing industries in OECD countries. The phenomenon could be the result of misconceptions regarding innovation process in low- medium-tech industries and existing pre-eminence of linear model of innovation. Investigating the realities of innovation strategies in the low- and medium technology industries would help crystallise the understanding of innovation strategies within low- and medium technology industries uncovering key factors for innovation under the industry category. Research question: How do organisations under low- and medium-technology industry category innovate and what is the impact the chosen innovation strategy or a combination of innovation strategies have on the organisation? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand which innovation strategies (open, closed, exploitative, explorative or a combination of these strategies) organisations under low- and medium technology industry implement and how such innovation strategies impact the organisation. The aim of the study is to crystallise the understanding in how LMTs innovate, which innovation strategies they select and what influences the selection of innovation strategy. Method: Abductive research approach is used for the study. Qualitative research method is a primary source of data gathered from 8 organisations operating under low- and medium- technology industry category. The data was gathered via semi-structured interviews with C- level executives and management responsible for innovation initiatives. Theoretical framework: The literature will present knowledge based view and outline the link between knowledge and open, closed, exploitative and explorative innovation strategies. Findings &amp; conclusion: Ability to identify relevant knowledge and assimilate it drove innovation within the LMTs assessed. Innovation strategies were selected based on understanding of additional information requirements and market environment in their respective markets. Various combinations of innovation strategies were used at the assessed organisations. Some of the assessed organisations used more open or more closed innovation strategies based on business circumstances. Open innovation strategies enabled fast knowledge accumulation and problem solution discovery. Organisational cultures influence the choice of innovation strategies. Peoples’ knowledge drives performance.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O atual debate sobre a funÃÃo social da universidade tem evoluÃdo em torno do seu papel empreendedor, entendido como uma atuaÃÃo mais direta e participativa, voltada ao desenvolvimento social e econÃmico por meio do incentivo à interaÃÃo com o setor industrial e da produÃÃo e comercializaÃÃo de tecnologias. Neste sentido, a cooperaÃÃo entre universidade e indÃstria para pesquisa e inovaÃÃo assume papel fundamental, e à o objeto de estudo desta pesquisa. A despeito da extensa literatura nacional e internacional dedicada ao tema, nÃo foram identificados estudos que se destinassem a mapear a percepÃÃo dos gestores acadÃmicos de pesquisa acerca do fenÃmeno, o que se mostra oportuno pelo nÃvel estratÃgico em que eles atuam e pela relevÃncia das decisÃes que tomam. Destarte, o objetivo geral do trabalho foi verificar a relaÃÃo entre os fatores antecedentes da cooperaÃÃo universidade-indÃstria e a propensÃo da universidade a cooperar, a partir da perspectiva dos gestores acadÃmicos de pesquisa. Primeiramente foram desenvolvidas escalas de mensuraÃÃo para cada determinante identificado na revisÃo de literatura. Em seguida, foi realizada uma survey com uma amostra de 125 gestores acadÃmicos de pesquisa, de 109 universidades e institutos federais brasileiros, em que apenas duas unidades da federaÃÃo nÃo estiveram representadas. Por meio de anÃlises fatoriais exploratÃria e confirmatÃria, as escalas foram validadas, viabilizando o teste de um modelo estrutural explicativo da propensÃo à cooperaÃÃo com uso de modelagem de equaÃÃes estruturais. Os resultados confirmaram (i) a influÃncia positiva dos benefÃcios da cooperaÃÃo â incorporaÃÃo de novas informaÃÃes aos processos de ensino e pesquisa, obtenÃÃo de recursos financeiros adicionais e aumento do prestÃgio dos pesquisadores e suas instituiÃÃes â sobre a propensÃo da universidade à cooperaÃÃo com a indÃstria; (ii) a influÃncia positiva da solidez da parceria, medida em funÃÃo do comprometimento dos pesquisadores, da confianÃa no parceiro industrial e de adequados processos de comunicaÃÃo; e (iii) a influÃncia negativa das diferenÃas culturais e institucionais entre universidade e indÃstria sobre esta propensÃo. NÃo foi validada a influÃncia positiva (iv) da reputaÃÃo em pesquisa e transferÃncia de tecnologia e (v) da captaÃÃo de recursos para pesquisa aplicada sobre a propensÃo à cooperaÃÃo. Adicionalmente, atravÃs de uma anÃlise de regressÃo linear mÃltipla, verificou-se que (vi) o acompanhamento do desempenho das parcerias pelos gestores acadÃmicos, (vii) a confianÃa no parceiro da indÃstria, e (viii) o prestÃgio do pesquisador sÃo variÃveis explicativas da propensÃo da universidade à cooperaÃÃo com a indÃstria. Considerando a distribuiÃÃo geogrÃfica da pesquisa acadÃmica brasileira, o estudo traz à tona um abrangente panorama da percepÃÃo dos gestores de pesquisa das principais instituiÃÃes de ensino superior do Brasil acerca das parcerias com a indÃstria, o que lhe conferiu carÃter inovador e permitiu a proposiÃÃo de uma agenda de pesquisas no campo / The current debate on the social function of the university has evolved around its entrepreneurial role, seen as a more direct and participative action, focused on social and economic development by encouraging the interaction with the industrial sector and the production and commercialization of technologies. In this regard, cooperation between universities and industry for research and innovation assumes a fundamental role, and it is the study object of this research. Despite the extensive national and international literature devoted to the topic, studies intended to map the perception of the academic research managers about the phenomenon had not been identified, which seems opportune given the strategic level at which they work and the relevance of the decisions they make. Hence, the general purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the university-industry cooperation antecedents and the university propensity to cooperate, from the academic research managersâ perspective. Firstly, measurement scales have been developed for each determinant identified in the literature review. Then, a survey was conducted by addressing a sample with 125 academic research managers, from 109 Brazilian universities and federal institutes, in which only two Brazilian states were not represented. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the scales were validated, enabling to test an explanatory structural model for the propensity to cooperation, by using structural equation modeling. The results confirmed (i) the positive influence of the cooperation benefits â like incorporating new information to the teaching and research processes, obtaining additional funds and increasing the prestige of the researchers and their institutions â on the university propensity to cooperation with industry; (ii) the positive influence of the partnership solidity, measured by the commitment of researchers, trust in the industrial partner, and appropriate communication processes; and (iii) the negative influence of the cultural and institutional differences between university and industry on such propensity. The positive influences (iv) of reputation in research and technology transfer on the propensity to cooperation has not been validated, as well as (v) that of the fundraising for applied research. In addition, through a multiple linear regression analysis, it was found that (vi) the partnerships performance monitoring by academic managers, (vii) the trust in industry partner, and (viii) the prestige of researcher are explanatory variables for the university propensity to cooperation with industry. Considering the geographic distribution of the Brazilian academic research, the study brings up a comprehensive overview of the perception of research managers from the main higher education institutions in Brazil about the partnerships with industry, which conferred to it innovative character and allowed to propose a research agenda in the field.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-19T11:50:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zattar2011.pdf: 596540 bytes, checksum: 356fb3ebad7553ec509c87285089c3d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / An enlargement of the analytical scope of the open innovation model is proposed in order to highlight the information micro-processes involved in innovation development. With this purpose, an illustrative experiment was conducted taking into account a selected text about open innovation. Information science and other theoretical-conceptual approaches were used to develop a meta-analysis of the text in order to demonstrate the relevance, advantage and complementary nature of this alternative approach. Some aspects of innovation were analyzed, in order to identify its main characteristics and, at the same time, place the analysis focus on the open innovation model. An specific literature related to the knowledge generation, the learning dynamics, information regime and networks was used. From these theoretical and analytical foundations it was possible to identify areas in the open innovation model in which to accommodate a deeper and more detailed analysis of particular aspects, such as the role of the information channels, the information flows through the networks, the actors learning process and the information regime. / Propõe uma ampliação do escopo analítico do modelo de inovação aberta de modo a focalizar os micro-processos de informação envolvidos na inovação. Com esse propósito foi empreendida uma experiência ilustrativa a partir de um texto selecionado sobre inovação aberta, em que são utilizadas abordagens teórico-conceituais da ciência da informação e outras áreas relacionadas, demonstrando a pertinência e a vantagem para o aprofundamento e alcance desse modelo. Foram analisados alguns aspectos da inovação focalizando o modelo de inovação aberta, de modo a identificar suas características principais. Foi também discutida, com base na literatura especializada, as abordagens referentes à geração do conhecimento, às dinâmicas da aprendizagem, ao regime de informação, às redes de informação, entre outros. A partir desse aporte teórico e analítico foi possível identificar os lugares do modelo de inovação aberta que poderiam acomodar uma análise mais profunda e detalhada sobre determinados aspectos como: os canais de informação, o fluxo de informação nas redes, o processo de aprendizagem dos atores, o regime de informação nos ambientes de inovação.