<p>Syfte och frågeställningar</p><p>Syftet är att undersöka hur naturen påverkar människan, samt på vilket sätt företag kan använda sig av friluftsliv i ett led till ökade ekonomiska och hälsorelaterade vinster. Detta med föresatsen att friluftsliv är en kombination av naturvistelse och fysisk aktivitet.</p><p>• Vilken inverkan har naturen på människan?</p><p>• Hur kan en arbetsgivare tjäna på att erbjuda sina anställa friluftslivsaktiviteter?</p><p>• Hur kan friluftsliv utveckla gruppdynamik?</p><p>Metod</p><p>Forskning och litteratur har granskats för att svara på studiens syfte. En hypotetiskt deduktiv metod för sökning av fakta och forskning kring naturens positiva inverkan på hälsan, kopplingen natur och hälsa samt grupper och grupputveckling har använts. Resultatet av en enkätundersökning kring företags intresse av friluftsliv som friskvård, utgör även det en del i bakgrunden i denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie.</p><p>Sammanfattande diskussion</p><p>Sverige förlorar varje år stora summor pengar på sjukfrånvaro till följd av fysisk inaktivitet. Fysisk aktivitet är sedan länge även det en välkänd hälsoförbättrare samtidigt som många forskningsresultat visar på att naturen påverkar människans hälsa positivt. I och med dessa fakta vore det bra om ett koncept där fysisk aktivitet kombineras med naturvistelse(friluftsliv) kunde erbjudas för företag, som ett alternativ till traditionell friskvård.</p><p>En framtida utmaning är att få företag att se vinsterna med att satsa pengar på att få deras personal mer fysiskt aktiv och därmed öka deras hälsa. Positivt är att enkätundersökningen visar att de vinster företagen själva såg som resultat av deltagande i friluftsaktiviteter var; minskad sjukfrånvaro, gladare, piggare personal, mer motiverad personal samt bättre effektivitet. Detta tyder på att viss kunskap kring vikten av en frisk personal redan finns i arbetslivet.</p> / <p>Aim</p><p>The aim of the study was to investigate how nature affects the human being, and further to examine how companies can benefit, both economically and health wise, by using outdoor recreation as health service. This based on outdoor recreation practised in a nature setting and consisting of physical activity.</p><p>• How does nature affect the human being?</p><p>• How can an employer profit from offering his/her employees outdoor recreation?</p><p>• How can outdoor recreation improve group spirit?</p><p>Method</p><p>Research within following areas has been studied; Natures positive effects on the human being, the connection between nature and health, and group development. The result from a questionnaire based survey about company’s interest in outdoor recreation as health service, also stand as part of the background in this qualitative literature study.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>Every year, Sweden looses huge amounts of money due to illness, caused by lack of physical activity. The fact that physical activity has positive effects on human physical and mental health is since far known, and results from scientific studies show that nature also has positive effects on the human body and mind. Considering these facts, it would be good if a combination of physical activity and outdoor activities (=outdoor recreation) could be offered by company health service, as an alternative to traditional health service.</p><p>A future challenge is to get companies to spend money on outdoor recreations as health service. By showing companies evidence of probable profits from betting money on getting their employees more physical active, and thereby increasing their health status, this challenge will hopefully be attained.</p>

Syfte och frågeställningar Syftet är att undersöka hur naturen påverkar människan, samt på vilket sätt företag kan använda sig av friluftsliv i ett led till ökade ekonomiska och hälsorelaterade vinster. Detta med föresatsen att friluftsliv är en kombination av naturvistelse och fysisk aktivitet. • Vilken inverkan har naturen på människan? • Hur kan en arbetsgivare tjäna på att erbjuda sina anställa friluftslivsaktiviteter? • Hur kan friluftsliv utveckla gruppdynamik? Metod Forskning och litteratur har granskats för att svara på studiens syfte. En hypotetiskt deduktiv metod för sökning av fakta och forskning kring naturens positiva inverkan på hälsan, kopplingen natur och hälsa samt grupper och grupputveckling har använts. Resultatet av en enkätundersökning kring företags intresse av friluftsliv som friskvård, utgör även det en del i bakgrunden i denna kvalitativa litteraturstudie. Sammanfattande diskussion Sverige förlorar varje år stora summor pengar på sjukfrånvaro till följd av fysisk inaktivitet. Fysisk aktivitet är sedan länge även det en välkänd hälsoförbättrare samtidigt som många forskningsresultat visar på att naturen påverkar människans hälsa positivt. I och med dessa fakta vore det bra om ett koncept där fysisk aktivitet kombineras med naturvistelse(friluftsliv) kunde erbjudas för företag, som ett alternativ till traditionell friskvård. En framtida utmaning är att få företag att se vinsterna med att satsa pengar på att få deras personal mer fysiskt aktiv och därmed öka deras hälsa. Positivt är att enkätundersökningen visar att de vinster företagen själva såg som resultat av deltagande i friluftsaktiviteter var; minskad sjukfrånvaro, gladare, piggare personal, mer motiverad personal samt bättre effektivitet. Detta tyder på att viss kunskap kring vikten av en frisk personal redan finns i arbetslivet. / Aim The aim of the study was to investigate how nature affects the human being, and further to examine how companies can benefit, both economically and health wise, by using outdoor recreation as health service. This based on outdoor recreation practised in a nature setting and consisting of physical activity. • How does nature affect the human being? • How can an employer profit from offering his/her employees outdoor recreation? • How can outdoor recreation improve group spirit? Method Research within following areas has been studied; Natures positive effects on the human being, the connection between nature and health, and group development. The result from a questionnaire based survey about company’s interest in outdoor recreation as health service, also stand as part of the background in this qualitative literature study. Conclusions Every year, Sweden looses huge amounts of money due to illness, caused by lack of physical activity. The fact that physical activity has positive effects on human physical and mental health is since far known, and results from scientific studies show that nature also has positive effects on the human body and mind. Considering these facts, it would be good if a combination of physical activity and outdoor activities (=outdoor recreation) could be offered by company health service, as an alternative to traditional health service. A future challenge is to get companies to spend money on outdoor recreations as health service. By showing companies evidence of probable profits from betting money on getting their employees more physical active, and thereby increasing their health status, this challenge will hopefully be attained.

The physicality of sports and outdoor life offers great opportunities for intensive experiences – participants ”feel” the happening in their bodies. As well as looking upon physical activity mainly as something instrumental, as for example in competitive sports and exercise culture, other aspects can also be central, for instance the pure joy of movement. The existential or expressive side of physical activity is examined in this doctoral thesis. In order to study such experiential quality more thoroughly, the author’s attention turns to adventure sports participants, as they appear to have a capacity for becoming highly involved and seeking very intense experiences. Who is involved in adventure sports? Why are they engaged in a sport that demands such great hardships and risk-taking? What do they get out of it? The overall objective of the thesis is to shed light on adventure sports as a practice and to discuss the educational significance of flow and other experiential qualities in adventure sports and in schools. The analyses are based on three empirical sub-studies. The first began with a questionnaire that 161 adventure sports participants responded to. This was followed by an interview study of eleven men and three women, all of whom had extensive experience in adventure sports. The categories of sport were evenly divided between climbing, off-piste skiing and hang gliding. In the second sub-study a detailed investigation of climbing was carried out. A notable sportification has brought about a very clear and interesting change in parts of this activity. Six traditional/adventure climbers and six sport climbers were interviewed, of which half were men and half women. All the climbers were experienced and very much involved in their sport. The aim of the third sub-study was to seek an answer as to whether pupils have experiences in their daily school life that are similar to those of adventure sports participants. An ESM (Experience Sampling Method) investigation was carried out with 60 pupils in compulsory school year nine (corresponding to UK schools’ year eleven) from four different schools. The pupils’ parents answered a special parent questionnaire including questions about academic and professional backgrounds, living conditions, habits, interests, attitudes and leisure time activities. The results were analysed taking into consideration the phenomenological perspective and structuralistic or more correctly expressed the cultural sociological perspective. Mihály Csikszentmihályi’s theoretical argument on optimal experiences, which in turn is based on the flow concept, constitutes the phenomenological foundation. Pierre Bourdieu’s concept apparatus and theories were used to closely examine the participants’ backgrounds, life histories and current living situations. The study shows that a preference for adventure sports is clearly linked to the participants’ backgrounds and earlier life experiences. A behavioural pattern is incorporated and developed into an embodied capacity to master a practice, a result of a long learning process. Participants were clearly concordant in these respects. Participants emphasise the abundant opportunities for intensive experiences that arise from adventure sports. It is a matter of something multidimentional: the active body, outdoor life in natural surroundings, exacting and clear goals, total focus, and about exercising control. This approach presents a model for identification of content qualities, which together create the dynamics that form the meaningful rewards that result from participation in adventure sports. The dimensions include flow experiences, but also go beyond them. The deep sense of presence, the physical involvement, the fact that they can choose the path and increase the degree of difficulty themselves – and simultaneously counter this new challenge with increased capacity so that they are engaged at the ”right level” – also provide favourable conditions for a stimulating and successful learning experience. The observation was made that it was primarily in the practical and aesthetic subjects that school pupils had the same deep feeling of presence together with a meaningful and pleasurable holistic experience as the adventure sports participants had. Here they were actively involved with their hands or with their whole bodies, and they could make their own choices and be in control of the activity, which for most pupils led to a strong feeling of satisfaction.

The physicality of sports and outdoor life offers great opportunities for intensive experiences – participants ”feel” the happening in their bodies. As well as looking upon physical activity mainly as something instrumental, as for example in competitive sports and exercise culture, other aspects can also be central, for instance the pure joy of movement. The existential or expressive side of physical activity is examined in this doctoral thesis. In order to study such experiential quality more thoroughly, the author’s attention turns to adventure sports participants, as they appear to have a capacity for becoming highly involved and seeking very intense experiences. Who is involved in adventure sports? Why are they engaged in a sport that demands such great hardships and risk-taking? What do they get out of it? The overall objective of the thesis is to shed light on adventure sports as a practice and to discuss the educational significance of flow and other experiential qualities in adventure sports and in schools. The analyses are based on three empirical sub-studies. The first began with a questionnaire that 161 adventure sports participants responded to. This was followed by an interview study of eleven men and three women, all of whom had extensive experience in adventure sports. The categories of sport were evenly divided between climbing, off-piste skiing and hang gliding. In the second sub-study a detailed investigation of climbing was carried out. A notable sportification has brought about a very clear and interesting change in parts of this activity. Six traditional/adventure climbers and six sport climbers were interviewed, of which half were men and half women. All the climbers were experienced and very much involved in their sport. The aim of the third sub-study was to seek an answer as to whether pupils have experiences in their daily school life that are similar to those of adventure sports participants. An ESM (Experience Sampling Method) investigation was carried out with 60 pupils in compulsory school year nine (corresponding to UK schools’ year eleven) from four different schools. The pupils’ parents answered a special parent questionnaire including questions about academic and professional backgrounds, living conditions, habits, interests, attitudes and leisure time activities. The results were analysed taking into consideration the phenomenological perspective and structuralistic or more correctly expressed the cultural sociological perspective. Mihály Csikszentmihályi’s theoretical argument on optimal experiences, which in turn is based on the flow concept, constitutes the phenomenological foundation. Pierre Bourdieu’s concept apparatus and theories were used to closely examine the participants’ backgrounds, life histories and current living situations. The study shows that a preference for adventure sports is clearly linked to the participants’ backgrounds and earlier life experiences. A behavioural pattern is incorporated and developed into an embodied capacity to master a practice, a result of a long learning process. Participants were clearly concordant in these respects. Participants emphasise the abundant opportunities for intensive experiences that arise from adventure sports. It is a matter of something multidimentional: the active body, outdoor life in natural surroundings, exacting and clear goals, total focus, and about exercising control. This approach presents a model for identification of content qualities, which together create the dynamics that form the meaningful rewards that result from participation in adventure sports. The dimensions include flow experiences, but also go beyond them. The deep sense of presence, the physical involvement, the fact that they can choose the path and increase the degree of difficulty themselves – and simultaneously counter this new challenge with increased capacity so that they are engaged at the ”right level” – also provide favourable conditions for a stimulating and successful learning experience. The observation was made that it was primarily in the practical and aesthetic subjects that school pupils had the same deep feeling of presence together with a meaningful and pleasurable holistic experience as the adventure sports participants had. Here they were actively involved with their hands or with their whole bodies, and they could make their own choices and be in control of the activity, which for most pupils led to a strong feeling of satisfaction.

Över 70% av svenska internetanvändare i åldrarna 18–25 använder sig dagligen av Instagram. Samtidigt söker sig allt fler människor ut i naturen, inte minst under den rådande pandemin. Uppsatsens syfte är att synliggöra om, och i så fall hur, Instagram påverkar yngre friluftsintresserade personers matvanor och matlagning i samband med friluftsliv. Uppsatsen kommer även att undersöka ifall det finns andra faktorer som påverkar valet av mat som äts i samband med friluftslivet. Studien baseras på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med personer i åldrarna 18–25. Det insamlade materialet analyserades genom användandet av en tematisk analys. Ur den tematiska analysen växte tre teman fram; Det förflutnas påverkan, Anpassning efter situation och Instagrams effekter. Resultatet visade på att det inte fanns några uppenbara kopplingar mellan Instagram och informanternas matvanor i naturen. Däremot kunde de känna sig inspirerade att ta sig ut i naturen om de sett instagrambilder i naturmiljö - bilderna bidrog därmed till en längtan att ta sig ut i naturen. Samtidigt fanns det andra faktorer som verkade ha en större påverkan på vilken mat som åts i naturen, så som tidigare erfarenheter, uppväxt, familj, smidighet och bekvämlighet. / Over 70% of all Swedish internet users aged 18-25 use Instagram on a daily basis. At the same time, more and more people are visiting outdoor environments, not least during the current pandemic. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether Instagram has an influence on young outdoor oriented people when it comes to food-related habits in an outdoor environment, and if so, in what way? The thesis will also examine whether there are other factors that influence the choice of food in an outdoor environment. The study is based on five semi-structured interviews with people between the ages of 18–25. The collected material was analyzed using an inductive thematic analysis. From the thematic analysis, three themes emerged: The influence of the past, Adaptability according to circumstances and the impact of Instagram. The results of the study showed that there were no obvious connections between Instagram and the informants’ food-related habits in a nature environment.However, most informants mentioned that they could become inspired to go out into a nature environment if they had seen Instagram photos of friends being out in nature - a longing to go out into nature. At the same time, there were some other factors that seemed to have a greater impact on what food was eaten in nature: previous experience, upbringing, family, convenience and comfortability.

Bakgrund och syfte: Det finns en begränsad mängd forskning om nyanlända elever i delmomentet friluftsliv i den svenska skolan. Friluftslivsmomentet kan fungera som en integrationsarena för utvecklandet av språk, kunskap och kultur. Nyanlända elever kommer ofta från svårare omständigheter och då kan friluftslivsmomentet användas som ett verktyg för att förbättra deras känsla av sammanhang. Syftet med studien var att ta reda på hur nyanlända elever upplever friluftsliv i skolan, vad för faktorer som påverkar deras inställning till friluftsliv samt vad som motiverar dem till att utföra mer friluftsliv. Metod och analys: Studien utfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa intervjuer via plattformen Zoomdär vi intervjuade fem nyanlända elever individuellt som antingen gick i förberedelseklassereller ”vanliga” klasser. Målet var att eleverna skulle få chansen till att berätta deras tankar och tidigare erfarenheter av natur och friluftsliv. KASAM och sociokulturellt perspektiv användest ramverk för att analysera studiens data. Analysen skedde genom tematisering där vi delar in alla transkriberingar under relevanta rubriker. Resultat: Resultatet visar på att elevernas tidigare erfarenheter av natur och friluftsliv haft en påverkan på deras inställning till friluftsliv i skolan. I hemländerna fick vissa elevermöjligheten att gå ut i naturen både på fritiden och i skolan medan andra inte hade sammamöjligheter. Naturen skiljer sig åt mellan deras hemländer samt i jämförelse med den svenska naturen. Det sociala samspelet mellan studiens elever och lärare har varit en orsak till att deras rädslor övervunnits. En bidragande faktor till upplevelsen av friluftsliv kan också vara antalet aktiviteter som eleverna har fått genomföra. De elever som har fått genomföra fler friluftsaktiviteter var mer benägna att utföra mer friluftsliv. Det märktes att KASAM skiljde sig åt mellan dessa elever. Det kan även finnas andra faktorer som kunde påverka deras KASAM exempelvis socioekonomiska och kulturella skillnader. Slutsats: I denna studie har lärare haft en stor påverkan på elevernas KASAM och de kan generellt behöva bli bättre på att motivera sina undervisningsval för eleverna. De elever somvar mer negativt inställda till friluftsliv hade inte fått testat lika många friluftslivsaktiviteter som de som var mer positiva. Elevernas bakgrunder och erfarenheter av naturen har också påverkat deras uppfattning av friluftsliv. De elever som växt upp i krigsdrabbade länder har inte haft samma tillgång till naturen och det kan ha påverkat deras inställning till friluftsliv. / Background and aim: There is a limited amount of research regarding newly arrived students in school and specifically concerning outdoor life education. The outdoor lifeelement can function as an integration arena for the development of language, knowledge andculture. As newly arrived students often come from difficult circumstances, outdoor lifeeducation can be used as a tool to enhance their KASAM. The aim of the study was to find out how newly arrived students experience outdoor life at school, what factors affect theirattitude towards outdoor life and what motivates them to perform more outdoor life. Method and analysis: The study was conducted using qualitative interviews via Zoom wherewe interviewed five newly arrived students individually who either went to preparatoryclasses or "regular" classes. The students talked about their thoughts and previous experiencesof nature and outdoor life. We have chosen to use the theoretical frameworks KASAM andsociocultural perspective to analyse the data. The analysis of the transcriptions was performedusing thematization. Results: The results of the study show that the students' previous experiences of nature and outdoor life had an impact on their attitude towards outdoor life at school. In their home countries, some had the opportunity to go out into nature both in their free time and at school, while others did not have the same access to it. Nature also differs in their home countries incomparison with Swedish nature. The social interaction between the study's students andteachers has been one reason why their fears have been overcome. A contributing factor to theexperience of outdoor life can also be how many activities the students have had the chance totry out. The students who had carried out more outdoor activities in school were more likelyto engage in more outdoor life. It was noticed that KASAM differed between these students. Conclusion: In this study, teachers have had a major impact on students' KASAM and theymay generally need to become better at motivating their teaching choices for students. Thosewho were negative had not tested as many outdoor activities as those who were positive. Thestudents' backgrounds and experiences of nature have also influenced their perception ofoutdoor life. The students who grew up in war-torn countries have not had the same access tonature and this may have affected their attitude to outdoor life in Sweden as well.

Kontakt med naturen har bevisats vara viktigt för människors välbefinnande, humör och känslostämning. Av den anledningen är skogen och naturen mycket viktig, speciellt i tätortsnära områden. I tidigare undersökningar har man kommit fram till skogen förändrar känslostämningen hos människor och att framför allt positiva känslor väcks. Syftet med denna studie var att ta reda på vilka specifika känslor som väcks och vad som kan påverka dessa. Undersökningen genomfördes som en enkätundersökning på plats vid naturreservatet Älvrummet i Trollhättan. Resultatet har sedan sammanställts och analyserats med chi-2-test för att se ifall det fanns några signifikanta samband. Studiens resultat påvisar som många andra undersökningar att ett skogsbesök har en påverkan på känslostämningen. Resultatet visar också att det är framför allt positiva känslor som väcks. Till viss mån påverkade umgänge, aktivitet och besökta attraktioner några enstaka känslor, men i de flesta fall fanns inget samband mellan studerade faktorer och känslostämningen.

This thesis report contains the development of a new ladder specifically designed for needs of the rooftop tent users. The project has been conducted by two students wor- king full time over the duration of twenty weeks with the start in mid-January and is a culmination of their education in industrial design engineering at Luleå university of technology. The thesis is a collaboration with Thule which is a Swedish compa- ny specializing in outdoor and transportation products for the active user. Thule’s largest user base are the occasional users, which uses their products once or twice a year. The current ladder used by Thule today is a telescopic solution that is mainly deri- ved from standards concerning contractable ladders and not specifically made for rooftop tent ladder. Thus, it has a lacking usability and is constructed from many dif- ferent parts which makes it unnecessarily complex and heavy. This has led to Thule wanting this project to explore the possibilities of creating a more weight optimized and cost-efficient ladder that can achieve several lengths ranging from 1,5 to 2,5 meters. This while also making it more user friendly and safe while incorporating the company values. Thus, the mission statement reads: “To create a safe, high quality, and easy to use rooftop tent ladder for the occasion- al, recreational user while reducing weight and complexity” The schedule has followed an iterative process influenced by the phases of design thinking, which is to emphasize, define, ideate, prototype, and finally test. This has helped to solve the complex problems by focusing on the users and their needs. To start this off, an extensive analysis of the market competition, users, Thule, and the current ladder was performed to be followed up with more creative methods as bra- instorming and different stages of sketching, aimed to solve the problems that was found. All of which later was constructed to a feasible concept with computer aided design, prototyping methods, and computer renderings. The result is a new rooftop tent ladder with a sliding design, fulfilling most of the project scope as well as solving other problems found in the first phases. The project has also provided Thule with a full-scale, functional mock-up to prove the concept, as well as some recommendations for future work. / <p>Product patent protected by Thule Sweden. Patent office: Germany. Reference number: DE102023100495.6</p>

The study is about students' motivation towards the element of outdoor life within the subject of sports and health. The aim is to analyze and create an understanding of some students' attitude and motivation for the outdoor life component in the subject of sports and health. For this, two well-formulated questions were used that could answer the purpose. The method that was selected for this was qualitative thematic method with semi structured interview. The theoretical starting point used to measure the motivation of the students who participated in the study was the self-determination theory. This theory was a very excellent choice as it helped me measure students' motivation. The results show that the students' motivation varies, there are students who have high motivation and then there are students who have low motivation. By using the psychological needs within self determination theory consisting of autonomy, competence and belonging, I was able to measure students' motivation as well as know why their motivation looked the way it did. / Studien handlar om elevers motivation gentemot delmomentet friluftsliv inom ämnet idrott och hälsa. Syftet vara att analysera och skapa en förståelse för några elevers inställning och motivation för delmomentet friluftsliv i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Till detta användes två välformulerade frågeställningar som kunde besvara syftet. Metoden som var utvald till denna föll för kvalitativ tematisk metod med semistrukturerad intervju. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten som användes för att mäta motivationen hos eleverna som deltog i studien var självbestämmandeteorin. Denna teori var ett mycket utmärkt val då det bidrog till att jag kunde mäta elevernas motivation. Resultatet visar att motivationen hos eleverna varierar, det finns elever som har hög motivation och så existerar det elever som har en låg motivation. Genom att använda sig av de psykologiska behoven inom självbestämmande teorin som består av autonomi, kompetens och tillhörighetkunde jag mäta elevernas motivation samt veta varför deras motivation såg ut som den gjorde

<p>The purpose of this essay is to examine how the adventure is accomplished as a project, and how this is vindicated, through science or by other means. The scientists of today are not seen as adventurers or heroes, at least not as they used to, but this image lives on as a sort of role or social institution, that can be used by anyone and in any purpose. These roles could be seen as a type of rules for the modern adventurer, and act both as a limit or a possibility. This essay compares two North Pole travelers, Ola Skinnarmo and Salomon August Andrée.</p> / <p>Denna uppsats syfte är att undersöka hur man genomför äventyret som ett projekt och hur detta legitimeras, genom vetenskap eller på annat sätt. Vetenskapsmännen ses idag inte som äventyrare eller hjältar, i alla fall inte på samma sätt som förr, men den bilden lever kvar i form av en "rollbeskrivning" eller en sorts "social institution" som kan användas av vem som helst och i alla möjliga syften. Dessa"rollbeskrivningar"skulle kunna ses som en sorts "spelregler" för dagens moderna äventyrare och verka både begränsande och möjliggörande. I uppsatsen jämförs två polarfarare, Ola Skinnarmo och Salomon August Andrée, och deras respektive expeditioner. </p>