A Modernidade teve como características a busca pelas certezas nos campos filosófico e científico, o progresso da ciência e da tecnologia, bem como o domínio da natureza pelo homem, tudo sob o fundamento de que a Razão seria capaz de encontrar todas as respostas e de atender a todas as necessidades dos seres humanos. Assim também o Direito, enquanto campo do conhecimento e como ferramenta destinada a resolver os conflitos de interesses, procurou se acercar de certezas, desenvolvendo mecanismos seguros e institutos determinados, aos quais os fatos da realidade deveriam se amoldar. O tempo em que vivemos, porém, é marcado por incertezas em todos os sentidos, já que a Razão deu mostras de sua insuficiência para resolver todos os problemas da humanidade. Ademais, é flagrante a realidade de que o ser humano não é apenas racional, mas também é afetivo, religioso, intuitivo; enfim, o ser humano é complexo. As relações jurídicas, que, sob o paradigma moderno, se orientavam exclusivamente pela razão, logo se mostraram impregnadas por outros elementos não racionais, a demandar respostas da ciência jurídica. A afetividade é um dos aspectos da humanidade, é um dos fatores que compõem a personalidade e é um fator determinante para o desenvolvimento integral do ser humano. Então, a afetividade é, a um só tempo, um elemento constitutivo do ser humano e um fator presente em toda e qualquer conduta humana; é um valor jurídico a reclamar proteção e é também um aspecto inerente a toda conduta jurídica. A afetividade encontra-se presente em todas as relações jurídicas, mas impregna especialmente as relações de Direito de Família, das quais é marco característico. É fator indissociável do ser humano do mesmo modo que a racionalidade, posto que não se pode pensar o ser humano destituído de sua racionalidade, assim como não se pode compreendê-lo ausente da afetividade. Esse reconhecimento é orientado pela virada paradigmática da Modernidade para a Pós-Modernidade, pois reconhecer que o ser humano é racional, afetivo, religioso, intuitivo etc. é reconhecer a sua complexidade; é olhar para o ser humano em sua integralidade. Por isso, pode-se dizer que o estudo da afetividade e de suas implicações na ciência jurídica representa um alargamento das fronteiras do nosso conhecimento, em busca da compreensão dos seres humanos em sua complexidade. / Modernity was characterized by the search of certainties in the philosophical and scientific fields, by the progress of science and technology, as well as the domination of nature by men. This was based on the grounds that Reason would be able to find all the answers to fulfill every human need. In the same path, Law, as a field of knowledge and a tool to solve interest conflicts, tried to surround itself with certainties, developing mechanisms of safety and particular rules according to which the facts of reality should conform. Nevertheless, the time we live in is marked in every way with uncertainties, since Reason has shown its insufficiency to solve all humanitys problems. Furthermore, it is a flagrant reality that the human being is not only rational, but also affective, religious and intuitive all in all the human being is complex. Juridical relations oriented exclusively by Reason in the modern paradigm, soon showed to be impregnated with other non-rational elements that demanded answers from the juridical science. Affection is one of the aspects of humanity, one of the elements that integrate the personality and it is a determinant factor for its integral development.Thus, affection is a constitutive element of the human being as well as a present factor in all and every human conduct. It is a juridical value that claims protection and is inherent in every juridical relation. Affection integrates a juridical conduct, but it impregnates especially Family Law relations, being its outstanding characteristic. Affection cannot be dissociated from the human being, as well as rationality, since one cannot think the human being deprived of its rationality, as well as one cannot understand him without affectivity. This acknowledgment is oriented by the paradigmatic turning of Modernity to Post-Modernity, since recognizing that the human being is rational, affective, religious, intuitive, etc., is the same as to recognize its complexity; it is to look at the human being in its integrality. That is why one can say that the study of affectivity and its implications in the juridical science represents the broadening of frontiers of our knowledge, in search of the understanding of human beings in its complexity.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Trata-se de uma investigaÃÃo avaliativa sobre a construÃÃo social da formaÃÃo profissional na Ãrea de Engenharia nos Cursos de GraduaÃÃo em Engenharia Civil e Engenharia MetalÃrgica, vinculados ao Centro de Tecnologia (CT) da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC), que teve como objetivo central compreender como ocorre esta construÃÃo social; foi uma investigaÃÃo predominantemente qualitativa, utilizando como estratÃgia de pesquisa, o estudo de casos mÃltiplos; como tÃcnicas de coleta de dados foram utilizadas, a anÃlise documental, as entrevistas, e o levantamento estruturado; os sujeitos respondentes foram os gestores do CT/UFC, coordenadores, professores, alunos dos cursos investigados e representantes de entidades de classe da Ãrea de Engenharia; como tÃcnica de anÃlise dos dados, foi utilizada a Analise de ConteÃdo, na perspectiva de Franco (2008). Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram que a racionalidade predominante na organizaÃÃo da formaÃÃo profissional dos cursos investigados, à a tÃcnico-instrumental, com indicativos de uma racionalidade crÃtica, manifesta no discurso dos sujeitos da investigaÃÃo, que expressaram que, à dimensÃo tÃcnico-instrumental da formaÃÃo profissional do engenheiro, deve-se associar as dimensÃes humanas e socioambientais, o que possibilitaria a formaÃÃo de um Engenheiro CidadÃo, elemento central da tese orientadora deste estudo, comprovada pelos dados coletados na investigaÃÃo. à um estudo relevante para a Ãrea da EducaÃÃo em Engenharia e, para a Ãrea de AvaliaÃÃo Curricular, que possibilitou a proposiÃÃo de elementos para a organizaÃÃo de uma sistemÃtica de avaliaÃÃo para currÃculos nas engenharias. / It is an evaluative research on the social construction of vocational training in Engineering Courses in Undergraduate Civil Engineering and Metallurgical Engineering, affiliated to the Technology Center (TC) of the Federal University of Cearà (UFC), which aimed to central to understand how this occurs social constitution, it was a predominantly qualitative research, using as a research strategy, the multiple case study, how data collection techniques were used, document analysis, interviews, and structured survey, respondents were subjects managers of the CT / UFC, engineers, teachers, students and representatives of the investigated courses of professional associations in the field of engineering, and technical data analysis, we used the Content analysis, in view of Franco (2008). The survey results revealed that rationality prevails in the curricula of schools surveyed, is the technical-instrumental, signs of a critical rationality, manifested in the discourse of the subjects, who expressed that, in the technical-instrumental training the engineer, should be combined with the human, social and environmental dimensions, which would allow the formation of a Senior Citizen, the central thesis guiding this study, as evidenced by data collected in the investigation. The study is relevant to the area of Engineering Education, and to the area of Curriculum Evaluation, which allowed us to propose elements for the organization of an evaluation system for the engineering curricula.

There are different types of psycholinguistic approaches which attempt to examine the quality and the organization of the human mental lexicon; the word association experiment is one of them. The word association experiment can be used to probe the development of human vocabulary. The current investigation was carried out in order to trace the influence of the cultural background and L2 knowledge on the mental lexicon of the undergraduate Pakistani L2 learners of English. It was hypothesized that the individual‟s culture and knowledge of L2 bear direct relation with their mental lexicon. Influenced by the culture, they may connect different words with attitudinal bonds, whereas L2 knowledge is accountable for the growth of vocabulary. The motivation stems from the fact that none of the previous studies has targeted Pakistani L2 learners for the word association test in order to investigate their mental lexicon. The data was gathered through a word association test. The results supported the hypothesis. A considerable amount of attitudinal responses emerged in their responses, and the number of paradigmatic responses found in the data was the highest of all. Therefore, it was concluded that Pakistani L2 learners‟ vocabulary was considerably influenced by their cultural milieu due to the presence of attitudinal responses to the stimulus words, and their vocabulary is patterning toward native-like since the number of paradigmatic relations with the stimulus words was the highest of other types of relations. The findings carry important implications for didactics.

La Responsabilité Sociale des Entreprises (RSE) constitue un mouvement majeur d'évolution des organisations actuelles du secteur économique. Au cœur d'une société moderne en perpétuelle mutation, la notion de responsabilité acquiert une place centrale dans la conception et la réalisation de l'action. Les démarches RSE menées par les entreprises font donc l'objet de nombreuses études dans leurs dimensions économiques et gestionnaires, mais restent encore peu questionnées quant à leur dimension socio-culturelle singulière.Ce travail doctoral étudie les répercussions de l'introduction de discours et de pratiques relevant de la RSE sur les salariés des entreprises du secteur de la grande distribution. L'émergence d'un véritable paradigme social de la responsabilité, qui mobilise un ensemble de valeurs et de croyances transversales à une société, somme ces individus de surmonter l'épreuve paradigmatique de la responsabilité par laquelle ils se devront d'intégrer les attentes de responsabilités au cœur des représentations et des actions de leur travail quotidien. Dans ce cadre, l'organisation endosse un rôle accompagnateur singulier de l'individu éprouvé en lui fournissant de nombreux supports, mais aussi en lui opposant des contraintes importantes, issus, pour l'ensemble, de l'histoire et des structures organisationnelles.L'étude qualitative, réalisée autour de l'analyse approfondie de quarante-deux entretiens semi-directifs et d'une étude documentaire fouillée, montre comment l'individu devient le dépositaire de la lourde charge d'énacter dans son travail les enjeux sociaux et macro-sociaux des évolutions de l'univers paradigmatique de la société auquel il participe. / Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a major evolution for the current organizations in the economic sector. At the heart of a modern ever-changing society, the notion of responsibility takes a central place in the design and implementation of the action. The economic and managerial dimensions of CSR initiatives undertaken by companies are thus the subject of numerous studies, but these initiatives remain poorly surveyed concerning their unique socio-cultural dimension.This doctoral work examines the implications of the introduction of discourse and practices of CSR on employees of companies in the retail sector. The emergence of a social paradigm of responsibility, which involves a set of values and beliefs across a society, requires these individuals to overcome the paradigmatic challenge of responsibility; they can then incorporate this sense of responsibility into the heart of the ideals and actions of their daily work. In this context, the organization provides a singular accompanying role for the individual's experience by providing a variety of supports, but also by upholding major boundaries derived from fundamental organizational ethos and established structures.The qualitative study conducted around the thorough analysis of forty-two semi-structured interviews and an extensive documentation study, shows how the individual becomes the custodian of the heavy burden of enacting in his work, the social and macro-social issues of developments of the paradigmatic world of the society in which he participates.

The Ackerman Unit of the Tombigbee National Forest has served as the location of numerous archaeological investigations. Despite all of the work done, there is a question of whether a representative sample of the archaeological record has been saved and subsequently whether the reports and findings from the Ackerman Unit of the Tombigbee National Forest are legitimate and can be applied to a larger body or research at the regional, and even national scale. This thesis will evaluate whether a paradigmatic classification of occupations can be used to assess if a representative sample of the archaeological record has been saved, and consequently whether identifiable bias exists among the practitioners who recorded those occupations.

No description available.

This study sought to critically investigate the contribution of the ordinary people in the creation of a language policy and its subsequent implementation in Zimbabwe. The study was prompted by the realisation of the near-absence of a coherent language policy framework in Zimbabwe. The language policy situation in Zimbabwe is not clearly stated. A hotch-potch of statutes support the status, creation and implementation of languages that are spoken by the citizens of the country. The country’s supreme law, the constitution is silent about the necessity of a broad-based language policy in Zimbabwe. Only three languages Shona, Ndebele and English are considered to be major in a country with 16 known languages. This situation does not support the development of languages particularly the indigenous languages. Indigenous languages are not considered as a suitable medium of instruction from the third year of primary schooling up to tertiary level. Indigenous languages play a critical role in culture, economics and politics. The study argued that ordinary people have creative ways of contributing to the development of a language policy because these people are constantly creating new words and vocabulary that they implement in their day to day struggle with nature and other social classes. Authorities in Zimbabwe are yet to view the role of indigenous languages in development as a cornerstone of socio-economic and political progress. African languages, particularly the Shona language that was the main unit of analysis in this study revealed its capacity to handle complex ideas. It was recommended that when Shona and other indigenous languages are accorded the status of official languages of the country and then provided with the financial resources and linguistic expertise to develop them then, a coherent language policy can become a living reality in Zimbabwe. / Africam Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

Der Ausgangspunkt der Synonymiediskussion kann in Frankreich im 17. Jahrhundert angesetzt werden. Die Synonymieproblematik berührt verschiedene linguistische Teildisziplinen. Synonymie wird als Bedeutungsähnlichkeit interpretiert, die sich durch gleiche / ähnliche semantische Merkmale manifestiert. Die durchgeführten Substitutionstests belegen dies und andere Hypothesen: Die Verlagerung der Synonymie auf die Sememebene wird verifiziert und die notwendige Textorientierung in der Synonymiediskussion bestätigt. Paradigmatische und syntagmatische Aspekte beeinflussen dabei die Synonymenwahl. Der Zusammenhang von Synonymie und Diaphasik zeigt, dass Synonyme stilistische Variationen aufweisen können. Nur in Ausnahmefällen werden diatopische und diastratische Elemente synonym zu den Äquivalenten der Allgemeinsprache gebraucht. Die Interaktion der beiden Differenzierungskriterien in der Synonymenwahl - Syntax und Semantik - beeinflusst die Probandenentscheidung. Wörter, die nachweislich synonyme Sememe enthalten, können aufgrund von Kollokationen nicht immer als synonym identifiziert werden. / The starting point of the discussion about synonymy can be set in France in the 17th century. The problem of synonymy comes into contact with different linguistic disciplines. Synonymy is interpreted as semantic similarity displayed on the level of identical / similar semantic features. Substitutional tests verify this and other hypotheses: The shift of synonymy to the semem level could be verified and the necessary context orientation within the discussion about synonymy could be confirmed. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic aspects have an impact on the choice of synonyms. The interrelation between synonymy and diaphasic variety reveals that synonyms can show stylistic variations. Diatopic and diastratic variations are used as synonyms to common language equivalents only in exceptional circumstances. The interaction of syntax and semantics - both distinction criterions for the choice of synonyms - influence the test persons' decision. Words that provably contain synonymous semems cannot always be identified as synonymous because of collocations.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:39:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Jose Lima.pdf: 2202766 bytes, checksum: 66e5c129d679aed0c6c202dabace8522 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-14 / In foreseeing a psychological clinic in transformation, this study turns to the contemporary institutes whose practices and theoretical productions, based on the contributions of the New-Paradigmatic Systemic Thinking, see the social as transforming practice. By identifying its strategies and tools, it aims to understand the constructions and interactions of the social and the clinic involved in its practices, as well as the understanding of the social commitment of Psychology. This is a qualitative research with an interpretative approach, developed from field research and triangulation strategy. Three Institutes, which have been operating for over two decades, were invited to participate in this study. From them, three sources were selected for approximation and analysis: a documental source, through the Bylaws; statements given in interviews by active professionals in the area; and reflections of their practice in the form of published articles. For the interpretative analysis of the data, memos and categorizations of its contents, presented in 13 tables, were designed. Based on them, discussions were carried out in the dialog with reflections from authors who address the New- Paradigmatic Systemic Thinking, the Psychological Clinic and professional practices in situations of social vulnerability. The final analysis points at the potential of the encounter between Psychology and the Systemic Thinking, as a promoter of a movement in search of the expansion and extension of the actions of the Psychological Clinic, as well as of the increase of its transdisciplinary vocation. A repositioning of the psychologist can be observed: in the everyday practice of the participant institutes, the psychologist, in adopting a reflexive stance in a new concept of the clinical practices, helps to prevent the possible alienation of Psychology from social issues, thus generating the commitment and taking position when faced with legal issues, inequality and social development. The concept of social that emerges from this attitude contemplates the intersubjectivity, giving voice to the interconstituition between the social and the individual, promoting the development of a clinic that bears transforming practices in itself, with a high potential for being a multiplier. As an implication of its adoption, the Social Responsibility, is seen as Relational Responsibility, and it presents an evident inclusive outcome, made visible by constant care and effective inclusion of all. This study revealed a contemporary Psychological Clinic in transformation, expanded and more effective in its intentions of collaborating with society / Este estudo, ao vislumbrar uma clínica psicológica em transformação, volta-se para os Institutos contemporâneos cujas práticas e produções teóricas, apoiadas nas contribuições do Pensamento Sistêmico Novo Paradigmático, concebem o social enquanto ação transformadora. Busca, ao identificar suas estratégias e ferramentas, compreender as concepções e articulações do social e da clínica implicadas em suas ações, assim como sua compreensão do compromisso social da Psicologia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem interpretativa, realizada por meio de uma pesquisa de campo e da estratégia de triangulação. Os participantes convidados são três Institutos, em atuação há pelo menos duas décadas, dos quais, para aproximação e análise, foram selecionadas três fontes: documental, mediante seus Estatutos Sociais; depoimentos de profissionais atuantes, com o auxílio de entrevistas; e reflexões de suas práticas via produções em forma de textos publicados. Para a análise interpretativa dos dados foram construídos memos e categorizações dos conteúdos apresentados em 13 quadros, cuja discussão foi realizada no diálogo com reflexões de autores que abordam o Pensamento Sistêmico Novo-paradigmático, a Clínica Psicológica e as ações profissionais em situações de vulnerabilidade social. A análise final aponta para o potencial do encontro da Psicologia com o Pensamento Sistêmico, como favorecedor, por suas implicações, tanto de um movimento de busca por ampliação e extensão das ações da Clínica Psicológica, como de incremento de sua vocação transdisciplinar. Observa-se um reposicionamento do psicólogo, o qual, na prática dos institutos participantes, ao assumir uma postura reflexiva, em uma nova concepção da ação clínica, ajuda a romper com a possível alienação da Psicologia com relação às questões sociais, gerando comprometimentos e posicionamentos perante questões ligadas à justiça, à desigualdade e ao desenvolvimento social. A concepção do social que emerge desta atuação contempla a intersubjetividade, dando voz à interconstituição do social com o individual, favorecendo a construção de uma clínica que carrega em si a ação transformadora, com forte potencial multiplicador. A Responsabilidade Social, como implicação de suas adesões, é concebida como Responsabilidade Relacional, com evidentes consequências inclusivas, concretizadas em constantes cuidados com a efetiva inclusão de todos. Revelou-se neste estudo uma Clínica Psicológica contemporânea em transformação, ampliada e mais efetiva em suas intenções de colaboração com a sociedade

This thesis is a historical case study tracing the establishment and evolution of Regional Tourism Organisations (RTOs) in New Zealand. It describes their role, structure and functions and the political processes that have influenced how they have operated and changed from 1980 to 2005. RTOs are examined in the context of government policies, local and national politics and tourism private and public sector relationships. RTOs were central to many of the key recommendations of the New Zealand Tourism Strategy 2010 (NZTS 2010) released in 2001. The NZTS 2010 attempted to address a range of tourism policy gaps created by a policy vacuum in the 1990s whereby the public and private tourism sectors focused mainly on international marketing. This strategy shaped government policy during this decade. The research findings show that although public and private sector institutional arrangements impacting on RTOs have changed, there remains, as in the past, no uniformity in their role, structure, functions and their future financial and political viability remains insecure. The NZTS 2010 raised destination management and its alignment with destination marketing as a major policy issue that needed to be addressed in the decade leading up to 2010 with RTOs having a pivotal role. A generic regional destination management model is presented. Structures and processes incorporated into this model include: a national destination management tourism policy; support for tourism by local government at the national level; a well defined destination management team; community collaboration; and tourism being integrated into the wider planning processes of local government. The model identified requisite building blocks to support regional destination management such as: the provision of staff and financial resources for regional tourism; the building of a high tourism profile in the community; the availability of statistics and research data at the regional level; local government planners acknowledging the impacts of tourism; and the existence of a legal mandate for tourism at the regional and/or local government level. When applying this model to the New Zealand context, it was found that a number of the structures and processes required for effective regional destination management were lacking, such as regional statistics and research data, staffing and financial resources for both RTOs and local government, the ability of council planners to understand and integrate tourism into the wider planning processes and a legislative mandate for tourism. The thesis concluded that a vacuum remains in the alignment of destination marketing and management. The historical and political processes of RTO change were also examined in the context of chaos and complexity theory. Chaos and complexity theory provided a complementary and different means to view change. This thesis also presented the opportunity to reflect upon the research process which led to the adoption of a multi-paradigmatic and bricoleur research methodology. Further reflexivity and reflection towards the end of the research process articulated ontological and epistemological philosophical investigations that underlay the multi-paradigmatic approach. A model is presented emphasising that a multi-paradigmatic research approach rests on ultimate reality (metaphysics) which informs the ontology. The model then highlights that ontology precedes and directs epistemology and that both inform the multi-paradigmatic research framework.