Notre terrain d'intervention de psychothérapie pastorale avait identifié une pratique problématique, ce que nous avons appelé la ± béquille éclissée ¿. Un questionnement en surgit : Dieu avait permis à de grands souffrants de rebondir de cruelles épreuves, mais ces personnes, qualifiées de résilientes, combattaient en même temps ce Dieu même qui les avait sauvées. Nous désirions connaître ce type d'expérience vécu par la personne. Nous souhaitions ainsi répondre à la question suivante : Quels sont les constituants de la résilience dans un contexte d'expérience religieuse, chez la personne ayant été abusée dans son enfance? La méthodologie utilisée, celle de la phénoménologie, a permis de dégager les constituants essentiels du phénomène étudié. De ces résultats, nous avons dégagé une lecture théologique à partir du texte des disciples d'Emmaùs. Nos résultats permettent de constater que très tôt dans son développement humain, la personne résiliente est en rapport avec le divin et que son expérience religieuse peut réellement l'aider à lutter contre l'adversité et à transcender la blessure mortifère. C'est au coeur de la personne humaine que l'on retrouve un lieu inaltérable où la personne se laisse rencontrer par Dieu. Nous avons ainsi constaté un triple mouvement, celui d'une rencontre du divin, d'une crise qui permit une appropriation de cette Présence ainsi que d'une reconnaissance de Dieu comme le Vivant qui a marché avec eux dans leur mort. De plus, chez les résilients, la présence d'expériences diptyques a permis l'intégration de pôles antinomiques de mort et de vie comme aussi la solidification de son expérience religieuse à travers un cheminement qui passe par une conversion incarnée. Sous l'angle du clinicien, les résultats invitent à soutenir son intervention, à apprendre à penser autrement la blessure mortifère, à recentrer la personne dans sa valeur la plus profonde, à développer des attitudes de compagnonnage favorisant la reprise de la vie et un devenir meilleur de son humanité. Ce compagnonnage fait en sorte que son expérience salvifique devient une expérience fondatrice de sa résilience. Au terme de notre parcours, outre un enrichissement de la pratique de la psychothérapie pastorale, nous croyons que les résultats et les réflexions de notre étude, concernant la dimension spirituelle et religieuse, peuvent intéresser tous les intervenants ayant le souci de la croissance et du devenir humain dans son intégralité, à entendre le cri du résilient : ± Aidez-moi à rester vivant! ¿.

The aim of this study was to establish to what extent the post graduate theological students of the RCSA experience emotional burnout and what their perceptions of burnout are. A combination of quantitative and qualitative empirical research was conducted to establish the levels of burnout and co–responding perceptions of the phenomenon. The study found that 75% of the post graduate students had experienced burnout to some extent. Out of these 75% participants, 35% experienced acute burnout, and a further 15% could be classified as being in the breakdown phase of burnout. The study indicated that the post graduate students of the RCSA generally had a positive perception towards burnout in the sense that they had a fair understanding of the causes of the phenomenon. The research has also shown that the post graduate theological students identified a balanced lifestyle as the most important preventative measure to combat burnout. To attain such a lifestyle, post graduate theological students need to attend to their spiritual, emotional, social and physical needs in a balanced way. Despite the fact that the majority of the participating students have a positive perception regarding the treatment and prevention of burnout, it is however clear that they do not address the problem effectively. It became clear from the research that additional guidance in the prevention, management and treatment of burnout is required. Various factors were identified that may contribute to the post graduate theological students' experiencing of burnout. These factors include the following: the effective management of the academic work load, their experiencing of overload and a lack of control over the amount of academic work, perceptions that they are not rewarded sufficiently for their contributions, that they feel excluded from experiencing a sense of belonging to a common group and having communion as a group, a lack of work satisfaction, a lack of effective interpersonal relationships, personal problems in their private lives, the degree of Type A–behaviour amongst some participants, a lack of emotional development and growth and a need for interpersonal skills training in their curriculum for them as future ministers, a lack of maintaining healthy emotional boundaries, structuring and ordering of the post graduate theological students-' own spiritual life, a lack of fulfilment of goals and their inability to keep up with the accelerating tempo of socio–domextic change in society. Other contributing factors to burnout amongst post graduate theological students are that they have certain misperceptions about burnout with regard to their calling as a minister. These misperceptions include the following: false feelings of guilt, complying with unrealistic high moral standards as person, that burnout is seen as a sign of 'weakness' and 'sin' and that treatment is only intended for 'sick people'. It has been established that burnout has definite negative consequences in the lives of the post graduate theological students. These consequences affect students' entire lives on physical, spiritual and emotional levels. The following consequences of burnout were identified: depressive disorders, loss of vision, bitterness, psychosomatic symptoms such as headaches, stomach ulcers, muscle spasms, etc. and their experience of burnout as generally being traumatic. Exegesis on 1 Kings 19:1–18 was normatively applied as a guide to address burnout to the post graduate theological students' experience of the phenomenon. Elijah's experience of burnout and how God led him to healing and also looked after his physical, spiritual and emotional needs was evaluated and guidelines were identified and formulated that could serve as an effective means of addressing burnout. Because burnout influences the post graduate theological students on a physical, spiritual and emotional level, the management and treatment thereof should also consist of the addressing of all three these elements in a balanced way. Pastoral guidelines were thus formulated to address these three elements of burnout - physical, spiritual and emotional in an effective manner. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The aim of this study was to establish to what extent the post graduate theological students of the RCSA experience emotional burnout and what their perceptions of burnout are. A combination of quantitative and qualitative empirical research was conducted to establish the levels of burnout and co–responding perceptions of the phenomenon. The study found that 75% of the post graduate students had experienced burnout to some extent. Out of these 75% participants, 35% experienced acute burnout, and a further 15% could be classified as being in the breakdown phase of burnout. The study indicated that the post graduate students of the RCSA generally had a positive perception towards burnout in the sense that they had a fair understanding of the causes of the phenomenon. The research has also shown that the post graduate theological students identified a balanced lifestyle as the most important preventative measure to combat burnout. To attain such a lifestyle, post graduate theological students need to attend to their spiritual, emotional, social and physical needs in a balanced way. Despite the fact that the majority of the participating students have a positive perception regarding the treatment and prevention of burnout, it is however clear that they do not address the problem effectively. It became clear from the research that additional guidance in the prevention, management and treatment of burnout is required. Various factors were identified that may contribute to the post graduate theological students' experiencing of burnout. These factors include the following: the effective management of the academic work load, their experiencing of overload and a lack of control over the amount of academic work, perceptions that they are not rewarded sufficiently for their contributions, that they feel excluded from experiencing a sense of belonging to a common group and having communion as a group, a lack of work satisfaction, a lack of effective interpersonal relationships, personal problems in their private lives, the degree of Type A–behaviour amongst some participants, a lack of emotional development and growth and a need for interpersonal skills training in their curriculum for them as future ministers, a lack of maintaining healthy emotional boundaries, structuring and ordering of the post graduate theological students-' own spiritual life, a lack of fulfilment of goals and their inability to keep up with the accelerating tempo of socio–domextic change in society. Other contributing factors to burnout amongst post graduate theological students are that they have certain misperceptions about burnout with regard to their calling as a minister. These misperceptions include the following: false feelings of guilt, complying with unrealistic high moral standards as person, that burnout is seen as a sign of 'weakness' and 'sin' and that treatment is only intended for 'sick people'. It has been established that burnout has definite negative consequences in the lives of the post graduate theological students. These consequences affect students' entire lives on physical, spiritual and emotional levels. The following consequences of burnout were identified: depressive disorders, loss of vision, bitterness, psychosomatic symptoms such as headaches, stomach ulcers, muscle spasms, etc. and their experience of burnout as generally being traumatic. Exegesis on 1 Kings 19:1–18 was normatively applied as a guide to address burnout to the post graduate theological students' experience of the phenomenon. Elijah's experience of burnout and how God led him to healing and also looked after his physical, spiritual and emotional needs was evaluated and guidelines were identified and formulated that could serve as an effective means of addressing burnout. Because burnout influences the post graduate theological students on a physical, spiritual and emotional level, the management and treatment thereof should also consist of the addressing of all three these elements in a balanced way. Pastoral guidelines were thus formulated to address these three elements of burnout - physical, spiritual and emotional in an effective manner. / Thesis (M.A. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Bielefeld, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [417]-446).

As people have currently a longer life expectation than was previously experienced, it means that many could face a prolonged retirement period of 30 years or even longer. Life changes as an unavoidable element of life may create rather drastic challenges. The approach towards retirement may cause stress and uncertainty for some people, as well as the realisation that necessary changes need to occur. This study focuses on research regarding the life transition to retirement and the challenges each person faces during this phase of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions that retired people had of their life in retirement, with the purpose of formulating guidelines for the development and implementation of a coaching model for retirement. For the purpose of this study, the following four tasks of practical theological interpretation, as explained by Osmer, were followed:  Descriptive-empirical task – “What is going on?”  Interpretative task – “Why is this happening?”  Normative task – “What ought to be happening?”  Pragmatic task – “How might we respond?” An empirical qualitative study was done with retired people by way of focus groups. What transpired was that the reality of a longer life expectancy, the continuation of an active lifestyle and the turbulent economic climate could all have an influence on the quality of retirement. The results from the empirical study suggested that it is essential to follow a holistic approach in the preparation, planning and adaptation process regarding retirement. From the interpretative task regarding life coaching, it transpired that coaching is one of the fastest growing disciplines with worldwide recognition. Life coaching is being used as a method to facilitate purpose-driven change on personal, spiritual and professional levels. From the interpretative task regarding retirement it was established that retirement is a concept that is undergoing vast changes, while various perceptions regarding retirement are being upheld. On account of the longer life expectancy that is currently observed, retirement is nowadays being perceived more as a transition from full-time employment to a lesser work-orientated existence. The normative task focused on the aspects of life coaching by showing examples of prominent leaders in the Bible and how their behaviour can possibly enrich and form the life of the life coach, and can be applied as an example to imitate. Although no logical concept for retirement is detailed in the Bible, the elderly are highly regarded and they can live with an unfailing, hopeful future expectation of eternal life and the second coming of Jesus Christ. The conclusion of the study is that, through good planning and preparation for the life phase of retirement, retirement coaching can be instrumental in a more positive attitude towards retirement and good emotional, intellectual, spiritual, physical, social and financial adjustment in retirement. With reference to the results of the descriptive-empirical task, the interpretative tasks and the normative task, practical-theoretical guidelines were formulated in the pragmatic task of a life coaching model with a view to retirement. / MA (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

As people have currently a longer life expectation than was previously experienced, it means that many could face a prolonged retirement period of 30 years or even longer. Life changes as an unavoidable element of life may create rather drastic challenges. The approach towards retirement may cause stress and uncertainty for some people, as well as the realisation that necessary changes need to occur. This study focuses on research regarding the life transition to retirement and the challenges each person faces during this phase of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the experiences and perceptions that retired people had of their life in retirement, with the purpose of formulating guidelines for the development and implementation of a coaching model for retirement. For the purpose of this study, the following four tasks of practical theological interpretation, as explained by Osmer, were followed:  Descriptive-empirical task – “What is going on?”  Interpretative task – “Why is this happening?”  Normative task – “What ought to be happening?”  Pragmatic task – “How might we respond?” An empirical qualitative study was done with retired people by way of focus groups. What transpired was that the reality of a longer life expectancy, the continuation of an active lifestyle and the turbulent economic climate could all have an influence on the quality of retirement. The results from the empirical study suggested that it is essential to follow a holistic approach in the preparation, planning and adaptation process regarding retirement. From the interpretative task regarding life coaching, it transpired that coaching is one of the fastest growing disciplines with worldwide recognition. Life coaching is being used as a method to facilitate purpose-driven change on personal, spiritual and professional levels. From the interpretative task regarding retirement it was established that retirement is a concept that is undergoing vast changes, while various perceptions regarding retirement are being upheld. On account of the longer life expectancy that is currently observed, retirement is nowadays being perceived more as a transition from full-time employment to a lesser work-orientated existence. The normative task focused on the aspects of life coaching by showing examples of prominent leaders in the Bible and how their behaviour can possibly enrich and form the life of the life coach, and can be applied as an example to imitate. Although no logical concept for retirement is detailed in the Bible, the elderly are highly regarded and they can live with an unfailing, hopeful future expectation of eternal life and the second coming of Jesus Christ. The conclusion of the study is that, through good planning and preparation for the life phase of retirement, retirement coaching can be instrumental in a more positive attitude towards retirement and good emotional, intellectual, spiritual, physical, social and financial adjustment in retirement. With reference to the results of the descriptive-empirical task, the interpretative tasks and the normative task, practical-theoretical guidelines were formulated in the pragmatic task of a life coaching model with a view to retirement. / MA (Pastoral Studies), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Cette recherche tente de définir la pastorale de la Création afin qu’elle soit reconnue en tant que ministère dans l’Église catholique au Québec. J’emprunte la méthode de praxéologie pastorale, inspirée des sciences humaines, afin de rendre cette pratique à la fois efficace sur le terrain et fidèle à l’Évangile de Jésus-Christ. L’objet d’analyse est la pratique elle-même, c’est-à-dire les activités en paroisse sur le thème de l’environnement. J’ai observé quelques activités pertinentes, dont une formation donnée à des animateurs de pastorale. Ensuite, j’ai interprété ces observations à la lumière de la tradition chrétienne en puisant dans la Bible, quelques référents théologiques et des déclarations ecclésiales. J’ai préparé une nouvelle intervention en organisant une nouvelle formation pour le personnel pastoral, le projet d’un guide pratique et le plan de cours universitaire sur la pastorale de la Création. Finalement, la prospective m’a permis d’imaginer cette pratique à long terme afin d’assurer une Église durable… dans tous les sens du terme. / This research attempts to define Creation Care so that it is recognized as a ministry in the Catholic Church in Quebec. I followed the method of pastoral praxeology inspired by the humanities so that this practice is both effective in the field and faithful to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The object of analysis is the practice itself, specifically the parish activities on the theme of the environment. I closely observed some relevant activities, including a training session given to pastoral assistants. Then I interpreted these comments in light of the Christian Tradition by drawing on the Bible, several theological references and Church statements. After this reflection, I improved this practice by organizing a new training for the Church staff, the project of a practical guide and the outline of a course on Creation Care Ministry to be given in universities. Finally, the prospective allowed me to imagine in the long-term how the practice will ensure a sustainable church ... in every sense.

Du recueil A Boy’s Will (1913) au recueil In the Clearing (1962), l’œuvre du poète américain Robert Frost (1874-1963) déploie sa réflexion sur le concept d’écart, et le présente comme principe majeur de son esthétique et de sa stratégie d’écriture. Utilisant une approche fondée sur la micro-lecture des poèmes, cette thèse entend mettre en lumière la richesse d'une thématique frostienne qui permet de repenser la dialectique entre centre et marge à différents niveaux d'analyse : cette dialectique semble à l’œuvre non seulement dans la représentation poétique des espaces nord-américains mais aussi dans le rapport des textes à l'espace métaphorique du canon, ainsi que dans l'ambiguë mise en scène du sujet dans son rapport aux espaces intime, social et politique. Nous souhaitons montrer que le poète et les personae multiples qu’il adopte au fil des recueils privilégient un positionnement détaché, qui n’est ni complètement au centre ni complètement à l’écart, mais pour ainsi dire dans l’écart. Cette position de léger retrait, à la fois sereine et équilibriste, dessine ainsi un triple autoportrait du poète. Il fait le portrait d’un artiste chez qui la tension entre tradition et modernité, entre formes fixes et libre expérimentation, relève d'une position compliquée et féconde, qui permet à Frost de se situer à la fois à l'intérieur et légèrement à l'écart du genre de la poésie pastorale ; d'autre part, il esquisse le portrait « bougé » d'un sujet en mouvement au sein du paysage de Nouvelle-Angleterre, sujet que des tentatives d’ancrage dans certains territoires installent dans une position de voisinage méfiant avec son prochain, à la fois contre les autres et tout contre eux. Enfin, l’œuvre laisse apparaître en filigrane l’autoportrait d’un Américain utilisant la stratégie de l’écart dans l’habile mise en scène de sa propre iconisation. / From the collection A Boy’s Will (1913) to the collection In the Clearing (1962), the works of American poet Robert Frost (1874-1963) can be viewed as a reflection on the concept of deviation, presenting it as a major principle in his aesthetics and writing strategy. This doctoral dissertation provides a close reading of many poems, with a view to highlighting the highly seminal quality of the Frostian theme of the slight deviation, which allows one to rethink the dialectic between the center and the margins at different levels of analysis. This dialectic appears not only in the poetic representation of North American space, but also in the established connection between the texts and the metaphorical space of the canon, as well as in the ambiguous presentation of the poetic figure in relation to the intimate, social or political spheres. We wish to show that the poet together with the multiple personae that he uses in the collected poems, favor a specific vantage point, a detached position which is neither in the center nor completely in the margin, but rather within the limits delineated by some deviation. This slightly withdrawn position, which is both dispassionate and perilous, sketches out a triple self-portrait of the poet. It is the self-portrait of an artist for whom the tension between tradition and modernity, between fixed forms and free poetic experiments, creates a complicated but fertile position which allows Frost to position himself both within, and slightly on the margin of, the genre of pastoral poetry. Frost's poems also depict the portrait of a moving poetic figure in the New England landscape, a figure who is put, because of his attempts at settling in certain territories, in a situation where neighbors are both aware and wary of each other. Lastly, the poems could be regarded as the self-portrait of an American posturing as a marginal figure in the skillful staging of his own iconization.

Der wichtigste Bestimmungsfaktor für die Produktivität in der Herdenhaltung kleiner Wiederkäuer unter semi-ariden Weidebedingungen ist die klimatisch bedingte Saisonalität im Futteraufwuchs. In pastoralen Produktionssystemen gibt es nur wenige Alternativen zur Mobilität als effiziente und angepaßte Strategie zur Überwindung von Nährstoffdefiziten. Eine denkbare Intervention bestünde darin,, den saisonalen Nährstoffbedarf der Herde über ein kontrolliertes Anpaarungsmanagement zu steuern. Eine derartige Strategie wird jedoch von pastoralen Produzenten üblicherweise nicht durchgeführt. Restriktives Anpaarungsmanagement als ein Mittel zur Synchronisation der Nährstoffansprüche pastoraler Ziegenherden mit dem saisonalen Futterangebot hat bisher in der Forschung nur wenig Beachtung gefunden. Um die Vor- und Nachteile einer kontrollierten saisonalen Anpaarung zu untersuchen, wurde über einen Zeitraum von vier Jahren (1984-1988) im Isiolo Distrikt im Norden Kenias ein systematisches Anpaarungsprogramm in einer Herde kleiner Ostafrikanischer Ziegen durchgeführt. Ziel der Studie war es, (1) den Effekt einer saisonalen Anpaarung auf wichtige Leistungsmerkmale von Ziegenherden zu untersuchen, und (2) diese Daten für den Test der Hypothese zu verwenden, daß ein restriktives saisonales Anpaarungsmanagement die Produktivität pastoraler Ziegenherden zu steigern vermag. Es wurden 145 Muttertiere auf 18 aufeinander folgende Anpaarungsgruppen mit jeweils ca. 18 Tieren verteilt und für insgesamt 381 Anpaarungen verwendet. Jeder dieser 18 Gruppen wurde über einen Zeitraum von 2 Monaten der gleiche Zuchtbock zugeführt. Aus dem experimentellen Design ergaben sich 6 Anpaarungsperioden pro Jahr, die jeweils dreimal im Verlauf des Experiments wiederholt wurden. Es wurden 8547 Messungen bezüglich der Mortalität, der Gewichtsentwicklung und Milchleistung der Muttertiere erhoben; 9337 Messungen wurden zur Mortalität und Wachstumsleistung der Jungtiere erhoben. Statistische Analysen wurden für alle relevanten Leistungsmerkmale durchgeführt. Dazu zählen die Überlebensleistung von Jung- und Muttertieren, die Reproduktionsleistung der Muttertiere, die Wachstumsleistung der Jungtiere, sowie die Gewichtsentwicklung und Milchleistung der Mütter. Für die Ermittlung der Herdenproduktivität in den sechs Anpaarungsperioden wurde ein neues steady-state Herdenmodell entwickelt. Dieses Verfahren basiert auf einer zustandsstruktierten Beschreibung der Populationsdynamik und verwendet einen nicht linearen Optimierungsansatz zur simultanen Bestimmung der steady-state-Herdenstruktur und der Merzpolitik, die die energetische Effizienz auf Herdenebene maximiert. Die Anpaarungsperiode hatte keinen signifikanten Effekt auf Reproduktionsmerkmale, was höchstwahrscheinlich auf die hohe Variabilität in den Produktionsbedingungen zwischen den drei Wiederholungen einer Periode zurückzuführen ist. Die Unterschiede in der Überlebensleistung der Jungtiere zwischen den Anpaarungsperioden waren stark ausgeprägt. Die Ergebnisse belegen, daß restriktive Anpaarung ein effektives Mittel zur Reduzierung der Jungtiersterblichkeit sein kann. Ähnliche Schlußfolgerungen gelten in Bezug auf die Milchleistung. Die anfänglichen Unterschiede in der Wachstumsleistung zwischen den Anpaarungsperioden verschwanden weitestgehend bis die Tiere das Jährlingsstadium erreicht hatten. Daher kann man davon ausgehen, daß eine saisonale Anpaarung per se keinen nennenswerten Vorteil bezüglich der Wachstumsleistung von Jungtieren verschafft. Die ermittelten steady-state-Produktivitäten verdeutlichen, daß unter den gegebenen Bedingungen Reproduktionsleistungsmerkmale weitaus weniger bedeutsam für die biologische Herdenproduktivität sind, als dies häufig angenommen wird. Mit Hilfe von Sensitivitätsanalysen wurde gezeigt, daß die Jungtiersterblichkeit mit Abstand der wichtigste Bestimmungsfaktor für die energetische Effizienz auf Herdenebene ist. Restriktive Anpaarung kann aufgrund des positiven Einflusses auf die Überlebensleistung der Lämmer als Strategie zur Steigerung der biologischen Produktivität genutzt werden. Milch- und Wachstumsleistung sind von untergeordneter Bedeutung, nachdem ihre positiven Effekte auf die Überlebensleistung der Jungtiere berücksichtigt wurden. Eine Anpaarung auf dem Höhepunkt der langen Trockenzeit (Juli bis August) stellte die optimale Managementstrategie dar. Ob eine restriktive Anpaarung einer kontinuierlichen Anpaarung überlegen ist, konnte jedoch nicht zweifelsfrei festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse eines simulierten asaisonalen Managements deuten darauf hin, daß der durch saisonale Anpaarung erzielbare Effizienzzuwachs deutlich geringer ausfallen dürfte, als bisher angenommen wurde. Bezüglich der Methode zur Ermittlung der steady-state Herdenproduktivität ist festzuhalten, daß der Verwendung eines Optimalitätsansatzes für die Schaffung einer gemeinsamen Vergleichsbasis eine herausragende Bedeutung zukommt. Der entwickelte Bewertungsansatz erlaubt die Durchführung standardisierter Effizienzvergleiche auf Herdenebene und Kann zugleich ein wertvolles Hilfsmittel für ein besseres Verständnis von Produktionssystemen, bzw. für deren Optimierung sein.

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier la mise en œuvre de la pastorale par les jésuites et par les ordres mendiants (franciscains, dominicains et augustins) au Japon, au cours des XVIe et XVIIe siècles. Ce travail consiste à s’interroger sur les méthodes mises en œuvre par les religieux, ainsi qu’à la vie des chrétientés : le projet de conversion des missionnaires n’est pas analysé en terme quantitatif (y a-t-il eu de nombreuses conversions ?), mais en terme qualitatif : il s’agit de comprendre ce que signifie être un chrétien au Japon pour les missionnaires, mais également pour les convertis. Le propos est organisé en quatre parties. La première partie s’intéresse à la construction de l’espace missionnaire et vise à comprendre la façon dont les religieux s’approprient l’espace japonais, dans le but de faciliter l’enracinement du christianisme au Japon. La seconde partie étudie ceux qui conduisent la pastorale et sont en charge de la chrétienté, afin de repérer un profil de missionnaire spécifique à la mission japonaise. La troisième partie analyse les stratégies mises en place par les missionnaires pour convertir les Nippons, mais également la façon dont ces derniers pratiquent le christianisme et s’approprient la nouvelle religion. Enfin, la quatrième partie vise à mettre en perspective les trois premières, en questionnant la manière dont les missionnaires appréhendent la pastorale et en étudiant la diffusion d’une culture européenne au Japon. / This thesis examines the pastoral work carried out by the Jesuits and the mendicant Orders (Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians) in Japan during the 16th and 17th centuries. It analyses the methods developed by the missionaries as well as the lives of the new believers. The missionary project is not analysed in quantitative terms (number of conversions) but in qualitative ones: what does being Christian mean in Japan, for the missionaries, but also for the converts?The study is divided into four parts. The first one deals with the construction of the missionary territory; it aims at understanding how the missionaries manage Japan’s geography in order to help Christianity spread and take root in the country. In the second part, the lives and origins of the missionaries are analysed, allowing for a typical profile to be identified. The third part discusses the strategies deployed by the missionaries to convert the Japanese, and also the way the natives understand pastoral activities and appropriate the new religion. In the fourth and final part, the three first part are put into perspective by studying the way missionaries understood their pastoral work and the way they spread elements of European culture across Japan.