The purpose of this study was to understand how clinical therapists of sexual addiction in Sweden construct sexual addiction as a problem. The data in this study was obtained from eight interviews with people who works as clinical therapists. The data then got analysed through perspective analysis. The findings in this study shows that the therapists find difficulties in defining sexual addiction and most of time the individual with sexual addiction define their own problem. Individuals with sexual addiction have a heterogenous perspective on the problem and the therapists also share this heterogenous perspective. A common theme in the stories from the therapists was that sexual addiction has many consequences. Two of the more prevalent consequences was the shame surrounding sexual addiction and the double life you must live as a person with sexual addiction because of this shame.

This dissertation concerns the dialogical encounters that take place between social workcr and client within the social services. The empirical material consists of 21 dialogues, 19 of which wcre recorded at two social welfare offices, one located in the center of Stockholm and the other in a suburb, and two which were recorded at the youth counseling office. In all, the material comprises 5150 individual utterances. In the literature, the type of dialogical cncounters studicd is called "institutional discourse". The theoretical approach in the analysis is based on an interactionist perspective, particularly with respect to dialogical analysis of verbal encounters. The aim of thc study is to analyse the dialogue between social worker and client from three points of de parture: participallt structure, topic, and inherent perspectives. In studying the discourse, the ini tiative-response (IR-) method of analysis was applied. The IR-method focuses on the dynamics of the dialogue, its pattern of dominance and its coherence. The results show that the social worker was interactively dominant in about two-thirds of the dialogues studied, but this dominance was most forcefully evident with respect to soliciting inititatives. With respect to content, the study concerns how the topical structure of the dialogue is constructed, i.e. which topics are taken up in the discourse and which of the parties steers the transition between topics. In the case of transitions to a topic defined as the main issue of the dialogue, it was the social worker who, in four-fifths of the cases, strategically steered the course of the dialogue. The perspective analysis undertaken in the study is concerned with investigating how different topics are treated in the dialogues, i.e. which of the parties "establishes" the perspectives and which "submits" to them . This analysis, made on a selection of seven of the 21 dialogical encounters, shows that it was the social worker who, in about two-thirds of thc cases, established by means of various interactive moves a bureaucratic or social welfare perspective on thc main topic sequences. Lastly, discursive dominance and power are discussed in the light of the prececling analyses.

Den här studien sker mot bakgrund av uppgifter i nyhetsmedier där det berättats om de svårigheter som hemlösa möter om det är föräldrar till barn som inte delar deras situation i hemlöshet. Den sker också mot bakgrund av att Barnkonventionen inom kort inkorporeras i svensk lagstiftning. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur det sociala problemet “att vara hemlös förälder i missbruk” konstrueras i vetenskapliga texter om två modeller för arbete med motverkan av hemlöshet i Sverige. Studiens syfte är också att skapa en djupare förståelse av om, och i så fall hur, nämnda modellers lösningar möjliggör för föräldern att tillgodose den rätt barnet enligt Barnkonventionen har till sina föräldrar, till bostad och till skydd, genom förälderns deltagande i respektive modell. Studiens metod är kvalitativ innehållsanalys och perspektivanalys utgör både teori och analysmetod utifrån socialkonstruktivistisk grund. De två problemperspektiv vi funnit har vi valt att kalla för ”behandling först – boende sedan” respektive ”boende först – behandling sedan”. De skiljer sig avsevärt från varandra beträffande hur det sociala problemets karaktär, orsak, konsekvenser, lösning och utveckling konstrueras. Det visar sig också finnas skillnader mellan hur problemperspektiven möjliggör tillgodoseendet av barnets rättigheter enligt Barnkonventionen. En viktig slutsats är avsaknaden av tydliga barnperspektiv i de bägge problemperspektiven. Studien finner även att ”behandling först – boende sedan” är ett problemperspektiv som bygger på en voluntaristisk orsaksförklaring medan ”boende först – behandling sedan” istället bygger på en deterministisk.

The purpose of this study was to research Socialstyrelsens constructions of mental illness with young people. With chosen documents from Socialstyrelsens website, the study has been performed as a perspectiveanalysis and has contributed to problematise and reflect on how problems such as mental illness appear. Socialstyrelsen mean that mental illness is a big and growing public health problem which, in one way or another, will affect the society as a whole in the future. The results have shown how a problem can be seen from other perspectives, apart from the ones mentioned by Socialstyrelsen, such as the impact of individualisation and how demands affect young people’s mood. The results have also questioned the way Socialstyrelsen measure mental illness, through the amount of care. According to Socialstyrelsens results from the research, which is divided into gender categories, the study has also given an account of an absence of how gender norms may have effect the outcomes.

Les infrastructures critiques (CIs) sont essentielles au fonctionnement de la société moderne. Leur sécurité et leur fiabilité sont les principales préoccupations. La complexité des CIs exige des approches d'analyse de système capables de voir le problème de plusieurs points de vue. La présente thèse porte sur l'intégration de la perspective de contrôle dans l'analyse de sécurité et de fiabilité des éléments de configuration. L'intégration est d'abord abordée par examiner les propriétés de contrôle d'un microgrid d'alimentation électrique. Un schéma basé sur la simulation est développé pour l'analyse sous différentes perspectives : le service d'approvisionnement, la contrôlabilité et la topologie. Un cadre basé sur la commande prédictive (MPC) est proposé pour analyser le microrgrid dans divers scenarios de défaillance. Ensuite, un cadre multi-perspectif est développé pour analyser les CIs considérant le service d'approvisionnement, la contrôlabilité et la topologie. Ce cadre permet d'identifier le rôle des éléments de CIs et de quantifier les conséquences de scénarios de défaillances, par rapport aux différents perspectives considérées. Afin de présenter le cadre d'analyse, un réseau de transport de gaz réel à travers plusieurs pays de l'Union européenne est considéré comme une étude de cas. En fin, un cadre d'optimisation a trois objectifs est proposé pour la conception de CI : la topologie du réseau et l'allocation des capacités de liaison sont optimisées minimisant la demande non fournie et la complexité structurelle du système, et en même temps maximisant la contrôlabilité du système. Une investigation approfondie sur les multiples objectifs considérés est effectuée pour tirer des informations utiles pour la conception du système. Les résultats de cette thèse démontrent l'importance de développer du cadre d'analyse des CIs considérant de plusieurs perspectives pertinentes pour la conception, l'opération et la protection des CIs. / Critical infrastructures (CIs) provide essential goods and service for modern society. Their safety and reliability are primary concerns. The complexity of CIs calls for approaches of system analysis capable of viewing the problem from multiple perspectives. The focus of the present thesis is on the integration of the control perspective into the safety and reliability analysis of CIs. The integration is first approached by investigating the control properties of a small network system, i.e., an electric power microgrid. A simulation-based scheme is developed for the analysis from different perspectives: supply service, controllability and topology. An optimization-based model predictive control framework is proposed to analyze the microgrid under various failure scenarios. Then, a multi-perspective framework is developed to analyze CIs with respect to supply service, controllability and topology. This framework enables identifying the role of the CI elements and quantifying the consequences of scenarios of multiple failures, with respect to the different perspectives considered. To demonstrate the analysis framework, a benchmark network representative of a real gas transmission network across several countries of the European Union (EU) is considered as case study. At last, a multi-objective optimization framework is proposed for complex CIs design: design of network topology and allocation of link capacities are performed in an optimal way to minimize the non-supplied demand and the structural complexity of the system, while at the same time to maximize the system controllability. Investigation on the multiple objectives considered is performed to retrieve useful insights for system design. The findings of this thesis demonstrate the importance of developing frameworks of analysis of CIs that allow considering different perspectives relevant for CIs design, operation and protection.

The purpose of the study is to create a deeper understanding of how the social worker perceives and manages risk signals regarding juvenile delinquency in their practical work. Based on the collected empiricism and previous research, we can conclude that juvenile delinquency is a complex topic, where the problem rarely has a one-sided or unambiguous explanation. Empiricism has been collected through six semi-structured interviews in which the interviewees have been selected through a deliberate selection. In conclusion, based on the empiricism collected, we can establish that social workers' individual perception of risk signals rests on an academic discipline, continuing education, collaboration and practical experience. Two of the interviewees also stated that a gut feeling was a contributing factor. The interviewees point out that it is rarely possible to distinguish a particular risk signal, but when multiple risk signals emerge, the risk is all the higher. However, the interviewees specify that drug abuse and non-functioning schooling are prominent for many of the young people who are at risk. It is also clear that the management is initially based on relationship-building measures, voluntarily and with increasing risks, the management increases to more serious or coercive measures.

<p>Nowadays an increasing number of people consume, share, and interact with information online. This results in posting and counter-posting on online media by different ideological groups on various polarized topics. Consequently, online media has become the primary platform for political and social influencers to directly interact with the citizens and share their perspectives, views, and stances with the goal of gaining support for their actions, bills, and legislation. Hence, understanding the perspectives and the influencing strategies in online media texts is important for an individual to avoid misinformation and improve trust between the general people and the influencers and the authoritative figures such as the government.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Automatically understanding the perspectives in online media is difficult because of two major challenges. Firstly, the proper grammar or mechanism to characterize the perspectives is not available. Recent studies in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have leveraged resources from social science to explain perspectives. For example, Policy Framing and Moral Foundation Theory are used for understanding how issues are framed and the moral appeal expressed in texts to gain support. However, these theories often fail to capture the nuances in perspectives and cannot generalize over all topics and events. Our research in this dissertation is one of the first studies that adapt social science theories in Natural Language Processing for understanding perspectives to the extent that they can capture differences in ideologies or stances. The second key challenge in understanding perspectives in online media texts is that annotated data is difficult to obtain to build automatic methods to detect the perspectives, that can generalize over the large corpus of online media text on different topics. To tackle this problem, in this dissertation, we used weak sources of supervision such as social network interaction of users who produce and interact with the messages, weak human interaction, or artificial few-shot data using Large Language Models. </p> <p><br></p> <p>Our insight is that various tasks such as perspectives, stances, sentiments toward entities, etc. are interdependent when characterizing online media messages. As a result, we proposed approaches that jointly model various interdependent problems such as perspectives, stances, sentiments toward entities, etc., and perform structured prediction to solve them jointly. Our research findings showed that the messaging choices and perspectives on online media in response to various real-life events and their prominence and contrast in different ideological camps can be efficiently captured using our developed methods.</p>