Bakgrund: Både plattformsstrategi och företags hållbarhetsarbeten är områden som ärintressanta för dagens företag och för framtidens strategi. Tidigare forskning behandlarbland annat hur plattformsstrategi ska implementeras, vilka konkurrensfördelar ellerproblem som medkommer strategin. Samtidigt finns det mycket forskning om hur CSRdefinieras, hur CSR-aktiviteter kategoriseras och analyseras, och hur företag generelltjobbar med det. Plattformsstrategi har visat sig medföra en bristande kontroll överföretagens kundupplevelser, vilket kan bidra till en negativ påverkan på derasföretagsbild. Därför är det intressant att belysa om och hur företag med plattformsstrategianvänder CSR för att väga upp för den bristande kontrollen över kundupplevelser somstrategin medför. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att belysa om och hur företag med plattformsstrategianvänder CSR som ett verktyg för att väga upp för strategins bristande kontroll överkundernas upplevelser. Metod: Studien har genomförts med en flerfallsstudie genom en kvalitativ metod med eniterativ ansats. Då studien ämnar förstå och sedan beskriva på ett detaljerat sätt hur ettfåtal företag med plattformsstrategi arbetar med CSR har ett fenomenologiskt perspektivutgjort den filosofiska utgångspunkten. Den empiriska datan har insamlats genom femsemistrukturerade intervjuer samt en dokumentstudie. Slutsats: Företag med plattformsstrategi arbetar med CSR på ett sätt som skiljer sig frånföretag utan en sådan strategi. CSR används för att väga upp för den svaga kontrollengenom att ha kundinriktade, kommunikativa och ekonomiska incitament bakom de CSRaktiviteter som utförs. / Background: Both platform strategy and CSR are areas that are interesting for today’scompanies and the future strategy. Former research is mainly about how platform strategyshould be implemented, which competitive advantages or which problems that comeswith the strategy. At the same time there are lots of research about how to define CSR,how CSR-activities are categorized and analyzed, and how companies in general workwith CSR. Platform strategy has shown to entail lack of control of the companies’customer experience, which could contribute to a negative impact on their corporateimage. Therefore, it is interesting to enlight if and how companies with platform strategyuse CSR to weigh up for the lack of control of customers experience that the strategyentail. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine if and how organizations with platformstrategy use CSR to weigh up for the lack of control of the customer experience thatcomes with the nature of the strategy. Methodology: The study was executed with a multiple-case design through a qualitativemethod with an iterative approach. Study aims to understand and describe in detail howorganizations with platform strategy use CSR, hence a phenomenological approach hasbeen the philosophical perspective. The empirical data has been collected through fivesemi-structured interviews and a document study. Conclusion: Organizations with an applied platform strategy use CSR in a way thatdiffers from organizations with other types of strategies. CSR is being used a way toweigh up for the lack of customer control by having customer-oriented, communicativeand financial incentives behind their CSR-activities.

El presente trabajo busca demostrar que los actores que existen entorno a las startups impulsan su desarrollo, ofreciendo herramientas para su adecuada gestación y maduración. Para ello, se analizarán los siguientes actores que identificamos como principales en el proceso emprendedor peruano: políticas y regulaciones, el sistema educativo, plataforma CTI, financiamiento y el capital humano emprendedor. El abordaje académico y práctico a las startups en Perú es relativamente nuevo comparado con otros países de la región y del mundo. Sin embargo, dada la tendencia mundial y tecnológica existe un incremento significativo en la aparición y desarrollo de esta alternativa de negocio, que responde a su creciente demanda, por lo cual es importante conocer si las instituciones tanto privadas como públicas están preparadas para brindar soporte a este nuevo modelo empresarial, empezando por el capital humano emprendedor, que es el eje más importante para el desarrollo de nuevas startups, por la innovación y el trabajo técnico que aporta cumpliendo las demandas del mercado. Otros factores importantes en el ecosistema son educación y gobierno, donde veremos que las medidas empleadas para la formalización y desarrollo de estas empresas se encuentran en una fase inicial, pero con altas miras a crecer, formando parte del plan de desarrollo productivo peruano hacia 2021. En cuanto a financiamiento existe un especial interés en las universidades para fortalecer startups, a través de sus incubadoras y aceleradoras, en pos de reconocimiento institucional, beneficiando al emprendedor universitario y formando las bases en la educación del emprendimiento. / The present work seeks to evidence that the actors that exist around the startups drive their development, offering tools for the adequate gestation and maturation. For this purpose, we will analyze the actors identified as main in the Peruvian entrepreneurial process as main in the Peruvian entrepreneur process: policies and regulations, the education system, the CTI platform, financing and entrepreneurial human capital. The academic and practical approach to startups in Peru is relatively new compared to other countries in the region and the world. Nevertheless, given the global and technological trend there is a significant increase in the appearance and development of this business alternative, which responds to a growing request, which is why it is important. This new business model, starting with the human entrepreneurial capital, which is the most important axis for the development of new startups, for the innovation and technical work that it brings Meeting the demands of the market. Other important factors in the ecosystem of education and government, where the measures adopted for the formalization and development of these enterprises are in an initial phase, but with a view to a growth, forming part of the productive development plan by 2021. In terms of financing, there is a special interest in universities to strengthen initiatives, through their incubators and accelerators, in their institutional recognition, benefiting the university entrepreneur and forming the bases in entrepreneurship education. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

El presente proyecto de negocio se basa en el planteamiento y análisis de la viabilidad en la implementación de una web que permita ofrecer clases particulares dirigidas a alumnos del nivel primaria. El mercado objetivo se obtuvo mediante una investigación estricta de la competencia, con respecto a los precios de sus clases particulares y a los niveles socioeconómicos que pagan por su servicio. Por ende, EDUCASA ofrece sus servicios a los niveles socioeconómicos A y B. Para el desarrollo del proyecto se tuvo en cuenta el análisis de las entrevistas que se realizaron a los profesores y padres de familia. Gracias a ello, se identificó la dificultad que presentan los padres de familia para encontrar alternativas o herramientas de reforzamiento para la educación primaria de sus hijos. Por ende, se emplearon diversas estrategias para lograr ofrecer una solución que genere valor para nuestros dos segmentos de clientes. Entre ellos se puede mencionar el Plan de Operaciones, el Plan de Marketing, el cual contempla la identificación de las estrategias con el fin de incrementar las ventas y también el Plan de Recursos Humanos. Además, se realizó el Plan de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, puesto que nuestra propuesta de valor busca impactar positivamente en los diversos grupos de interés relacionados. También se muestra el detalle del Plan Financiero, en el cual se demuestra la viabilidad de EDUCASA reflejada en números. Por último, se mencionan las respectivas conclusiones y recomendaciones sobre el proyecto. / This business project is based on the approach and analysis of feasibility in the implementation of a website that allows to offer private classes aimed at students at the primary level. The target market was obtained through a strict investigation of the competition, regarding the prices of its private classes and the socioeconomic levels that pay for its service. Therefore, EDUCASA offers its services to socioeconomic levels A and B. For the development of the project, the analysis of the interviews that were carried out with the teachers and parents was taken into account. Thanks to this, we identify the difficulty that parents have in finding alternatives or reinforcement tools for their children's primary education. Therefore, various strategies were used to offer a solution that generates value for our two customer segments. Among them you can specify the Operations Plan, the Marketing Plan, which contemplates the identification of strategies in order to increase sales and also the Human Resources Plan. In addition, the Corporate Social Responsibility Plan was carried out, since our value proposition seeks to positively impact the various related stakeholders. The detail of the Financial Plan is also shown, which shows the viability of EDUCASA reflected in numbers. Finally, the respective conclusions and recommendations about the project are mentioned. / Trabajo de investigación

Buen Trabajo Perú es una idea de negocio basada en la búsqueda de trabajo formal, a través de una plataforma digital, la cual realizará la función de captación del personal. Nuestro nicho de público objetivo es el sector de alimentos y bebidas; y, por otro lado, los trabajadores que buscan oportunidades laborales formales. En la actualidad, el rubro de alimentos y bebidas tiene un alto índice de rotación de personal, siendo una gran debilidad para el sector, sin embargo, para los innovadores se convierte en una gran oportunidad de necesidad por satisfacer. Asimismo, en el mercado nacional existe una variedad de empresas dedicadas al reclutamiento de personal, no obstante, no existe empresa que se dedique en atender a solo este nicho. Debido a estos puntos identificados como la alta rotación del nicho y la falta de atención de la demanda por parte de alguna empresa especializada, nace la idea de formar Buen Trabajo Perú, para poder cubrir dicha necesidad. Además, se suma a esta idea de negocio el uso de la tecnología, que aportará a que haga viable y sea de mayor rapidez el uso de una plataforma digital, que, finalmente, será el soporte del proyecto. / Buen Trabajo Peru is a business idea based on the search for formal work, through a digital platform, which will perform the function of recruiting staff. Our target audience niche is the food and beverage sector; and, on the other hand, workers seeking formal job opportunities. Currently, the food and beverage sector has a high rate of staff turnover, being a great weakness for the sector, however, for innovators, it becomes a great opportunity to satisfy. Likewise, in the national market there are a variety of companies dedicated to recruiting personnel, however, there is no company that is dedicated to serving only this niche. Due to these points identified as the high rotation of the niche and the lack of attention to demand by some specialized company, the idea of ​​forming Good Work Peru was born, in order to cover this need. In addition, the use of technology is added to this business idea, which will contribute to making the use of a digital platform viable and faster, which will ultimately support the project. / Trabajo de investigación

En este trabajo se busca la viabilidad del negocio de La Bolsa de Juguetes, como plataforma online que permite realizar movimientos entre los juguetes, muebles y accesorios de niños y niñas entre 0 y 10 años. Para validar el siguiente trabajo “La Bolsa de Juguetes”, se realizó una investigación de mercados, mediante diferentes fuentes como por ejemplo las familias limeñas con hijos. En dicha investigación se pudo comprobar que el consumidor peruano se encuentra más propenso a efectuar compras por internet. La tendencia de compras en línea, en el Perú ha sido más lenta; sin embargo, cada vez son más los peruanos que efectúan compras online, teniendo como beneficio que estos no tienen una preferencia por marcas online, por lo que son propensos a experimentar con nuevas marcas. Con entrevistas realizadas a potenciales clientes hemos detectado que al ser padres primerizos prefieren compra todo nuevo y de marcas conocidas, pero cuando llega el segundo hijo saben que comprar juguetes, muebles o accesorios es un gasto grande y, muchas veces, innecesario. Los perfiles de nuestros consumidores son padres, madres o apoderados de niños o niñas de 0 a 10 años. Para finalizar, con los análisis financieros del desarrollo de La Bolsa de Juguetes se considera que el proyecto es viable a partir del segundo año. / In this work the viability of the Toy Bag business is sought, as an online platform that allows movements between the toys, furniture and accessories of children between 0 and 10 years. To validate the following work “The Toy Bag”, a market investigation was carried out, through different sources such as Lima families with children. In this investigation it was found that the Peruvian consumer is more prone to make purchases online. The trend of online shopping in Peru has been slower; However, more and more Peruvians make online purchases, with the benefit that they do not have a preference for online brands, so they are likely to experiment with new brands. With interviews with potential clients, we have detected that since they are first-time parents, they prefer to buy everything new and well-known brands, but when the second child arrives they know that buying toys, furniture or accessories is a large and, often, unnecessary expense. The profiles of our consumers are fathers, mothers or guardians of children from 0 to 10 years. Finally, with the financial analysis of the development of the Toy Exchange, the project is considered viable from the second year. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad los consumidores enfrentan problemáticas al adquirir un bien o servicio, ya sea por problemas con la disponibilidad de dinero, tiempo o algún otro tipo de limitante. Asimismo, al enfocar esta escena en el panorama digital, las variables antes descritas se mantienen, añadiendo la desconfianza a la lista. Por tal motivo, este trabajo de investigación plantea una nueva forma de adquirir bienes y servicios, de una manera novedosa que pretende eliminar las negativas mencionadas anteriormente. Esta iniciativa será llevada cabo mediante la implementación de una plataforma llamada Rifus que digitalice, casi en su totalidad, el proceso de venta de rifas. Esta se llevará a cabo mediante la adquisición de productos llamativos para el público en general y se venderá una cantidad previamente establecida de tickets virtuales para que el usuario pueda participar por ganar el producto de su agrado. Para poder conocer los atributos que el usuario valora al actuar en este entorno se realizaron investigaciones que permitieron moldear Rifus de acuerdo con lo que los usuarios consideraban pertinente. Algunas de estas fueron las motivaciones que tienen los usuarios para participar en ese tipo de sorteos, los productos por los que prefieren participar, entre otros. Finalmente, para poder conocer la viabilidad de Rifus se utilizaron diferentes indicadores financieros como el VAN y la TIR que respaldan que es rentable. Asimismo, mediante las encuestas ya mencionadas se pudo conocer la opinión de los entrevistados sobre el proyecto y se validó que la propuesta de valor es de su agrado. / Currently, people suffer from problems when they want to acquire a good or service, whether due to problems with the availability of money, time or some other type of limitation. Also, by focusing this scene on the digital landscape, the variables described above could be added, adding distrust to the list. For this reason, this research paper proposes a new way of acquiring goods and services, in a novel way that aims to eliminate the previously required refusals. This initiative will be carried out by implementing a website called Rifus that digitizes, almost entirely, the raffle sale process. This initiative will be carried out by acquiring flashy products for the general public and a previously established amount of virtual tickets will be sold so that the user can participate to win the product of their choice. In order to know the attributes that the user values in acting in this environment, research that allows Rifus to be molded according to what users consider relevant is investigated. Some of these were the motivations that users have to participate in this type of society, the products for which they prefer to participate, among others. Finally, in order to know the viability of Rifus, different financial indicators will be used, such as the NPV and the IRR that support that it is profitable. In the same way, through the surveys and the results, the opinion of the interviewees on the business model was known and the value proposal was endorsed by them. / Trabajo de investigación

The sharing economy refers to the activities facilitated through the digital platform that enable people to obtain, give, or share access to digital or physical resources and services. Although the sharing economy practice in the real-world is thriving and pervasive, there is a lack of scholarly work. Sharing pets activity is not a new concept, and people shares pets on digital platforms such as websites, and digital groups on social media. Sharing pets activity is different from sharing other things. Because the motivations of sharing pets are all related to the love for pets, and it is related to accessibility, ownership of pets, and interaction and relationship between human beings and pets. These particular features deserve scholarly attention. Activity Theory is applied in this study, as it shapes the way of data collection and analysis. The sharing pets practice is analyzed as individual and collective activity systems, to understand the motiving role of digital platform in sharing activity. The finding indicates that digital platform plays a crucial role in sharing activity, and according to activity, it facilitates the activity of the sharing pet in three ways: It facilitates the achievement of motive by users in each level of activity systems; it reduces the contradiction caused by the interaction of two activity system; it also promotes the transition of motives so that users can have more motives to participate in sharing pets activity.

The product platform strategy is well known for its several positive effects. However, these effects differ under different market situations. Several product platform projects related decisions can influence these effects. This research work will show how these effects are influenced by decisions under different market situations, findings will help academics in enriching product platform theories and, it will help managers to take proper decisions to enhance the possibility of product platform project success.

Climate change is the focus of many oceanography and marine engineering researchers, with possible links between climate change and the carbon cycle in the Southern Ocean being considered. This type of investigation requires modern and cost-effective tools to conduct surveys and collect data from the ocean. The self-propelled unmanned surface vessel, the Liquid Robotics Wave Glider, was designed primarily as a marine research tool and offers several advantages over existing research vessels and other tools employed for data acquisition in the ocean. The main advantages are its robustness at sea, i.e. its ability to withstand extreme weather conditions, its propulsion energy source, which is the wave energy, and its customisable electronics payload. The inter-platform communication strategy of the Wave Glider inspired a few engineering questions, one of which is the focal point of this research: whether Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technology can be used to set up a local communication system enabling the collaboration of two or more Wave Gliders and reduce the cost, in terms of power and communication channels, involved in the communication with the Wave Glider platforms during missions. This research considers various LPWAN technologies available on the market and proposes LoRaWAN technology for the local communication system. LoRaWAN was selected as it presented a robust radio modulation and had growing support in the industry. In this research, a LoRa-based network of two nodes was developed, implemented and tested over the surface of the ocean. It was found that the system performs well over a distance of 1 km with both antennas having one end at the mean surface level of the sea. With the intention to increase the range of the platform and achieve a reliable and robust system, the research continued with the study of the influence of the surface waves on the proposed local communication system by exploring, firstly, the impact of seawater and, secondly, the wave height on signal transmission. The first study investigated the influence that the electromagnetic properties of seawater may have on the transmission of signals from one node to the second through simulations using the computational electromagnetic package FEKO. It revealed that, at the frequency of operation, which was 868 MHz, seawater reacted as a lossy conductor and reflected the signal upward, with negligible power penetrating the surface of the ocean. The subsequent study reviewed the statistical properties of the ocean surface waves in a sea of deep waters and proposed a relationship between the wind speed (or surface wave elevation), the antenna height, the distance separation between the two nodes and the probability of the presence of a line of sight (LoS) between the two nodes. This relationship quantifies the expected result that the probability of the LoS diminishes as the wind speed or the distance between the two nodes increases, whereas it improves with an increase in the antenna height. The last part of the research focused on initial works on sea state estimation using the lossless wave equation and Kalman Filter to provide 3D sea surface elevations that would be used to change to the probability of the LoS calculated previously in the research. Indeed, using the local communication to share the point-wise sea state data can be exploited to estimate the sea state over a rectangular region delimited to include these points. Sea state estimation is expected to enhance the joint navigation and coordination of the platforms and consequently, boost the probability of the LoS through the transmission at the crest of the waves. During the development of the Kalman Filter model, it was discovered that the sample time and the sample space significantly affect the performance and the stability of the discretised models. However, a carefully selected sampling time and sample space exhibited a stable system model. The results of the Kalman filtering were a realistic sea state estimate with a minimum error at the locations in the surrounding of the measurements.

Det spelar ingen roll hur perfekt ett nyhetsmedie är i teorin om det inte konsumeras eller litas på av samhällets medborgare (Strömbäck et al., 2020). Tillit och trovärdighet gentemot medier, såväl kommersiella- som public service-drivna, är en grundförutsättning för ett demokratiskt samhälle. Det är dessa aktörer som granskar makten och sprider relevant information till medborgarna, exempelvis politiska nyheter som också betraktas som den viktigaste skepnaden av journalistik (Strömbäck, 2019). Sveriges Television, SVT, är en av de pjäser som axlat uppdraget med bravur under en lång tid, vilket inte minst visat sig i deras historiskt starka trovärdighetssiffror (Svenskarna och internet, 2019). Men med nya tider kommer nya plattformar att engagera sig på, så även för public service-medier som SVT. Det gjorde att vi frågade oss - vilka effekter får dessa tillvägagångssätt på SVT:s trovärdighetskapital?   Det analytiska ramverket som låg till grund för studien var forskning om trovärdighet gentemot medium, meddelanden, meddelanden online samt avsändaren. Utöver detta hanterade studien forskning om dimensioner av trovärdighet, hur det mäts och varför. Sist men inte minst byggde studien på sociala medier-logiken, som menar att alla sociala medier besitter deras egen logik med normer och handlingar som gör dem unika.   Då vi ville undersöka vilka effekter de nya tillvägagångssätten fick på ett medieinnehålls och en avsändares trovärdighet, var det lämpligt att göra en experimentstudie. Studien var webbaserad och utgick från att svara på följande frågeställningar: Vad blir effekterna på medieinnehållets trovärdighet när det byter plattform från webben till Instagram?, Vad blir effekterna på medieinnehållets trovärdighet när det anpassar sig till logiken på Instagram? och Skiljer sig trovärdigheten gentemot SVT som avsändare åt beroende på vart artikeln publicerats, på webben eller Instagram?   Det studien kom fram till var att det fanns en effekt på både medieinnehållets och en avsändares trovärdighet när det bytte plattform från webben till Instagram. Medieinnehållet uppfattades som mest trovärdigt när det presenterades i en verklighetsförankrad webb-artikel och som minst trovärdigt i den artikel som inte var anpassad utefter plattformen den publicerades på. SVT som avsändare uppfattades som mest trovärdig utav de som läst Instagram-artikeln och som minst trovärdig utav de som läst artikeln som inte var anpassad utefter plattformen den publicerades på. Sett till den interpersonella kommunikationens roll i trovärdighetsuppfattningen, visade det sig i studien att det endast var ett fåtal respondenter som skulle prata om artikeln eller dela den i sina sociala medier. Detta resultat var därför intressant, eftersom det är motsatsen till vad Kiousis (2001) hävdade gällande den interpersonella kommunikationen. / It doesn't matter how perfect a news media seems in theory, if the news media is not consumed or trusted by citizens (Strömbäck et al., 2020). Trust and credibility towards media, commercial- as well as public service-driven, is a foundation for a democratic society. It’s these actors that examine the power and spread relevant information to the citizens, like political news that is seen to be the most important figure of journalism (Strömbäck, 2019). Sveriges Television, SVT, is one actor that has taken on the mission with success in Sweden during a long time, something that has been shown in their strong credibility numbers (Svenskarna och internet, 2019). But new times means new platforms and this includes adjustments for even public service-media like SVT. This new way of doing things made us curious - which effects did these new approaches have on SVT’s credibility?   The analytical framework that the study is based on are research of credibility of medium, messages, messages online and sources. Further this study addresses research on dimensions of credibility, of how it has been measured and why. Last but not least the study builds upon the theory of social media logic and the way all social media possesses their own logic with norms and actions that make them unique.   To examine what effects these new approaches towards content get on a source and their media content, it was appropriate to do an experimental study. The study was web based and aimed to answer the following questions: What are the effects on the media content’s credibility when it changes platform from the web to Instagram?, What are the effects on the media content’s credibility when it adjusts to the logic on Instagram? and Does the credibility of SVT as a source depend upon where the article is published, on the web or on Instagram?   The results of the study indicate that there was an effect on the credibility of both the media content and the source, when it changed platform from the web to Instagram. The media content was perceived as most credible when it was presented in a web article and as least credible when presented in a manipulated Instagram article. SVT as a source was perceived as most credible by the readers who’d read the Instagram-article, and at least credible by those who’d read the article who wasn’t adjusted to the platform it was presented on. Our results of what role the interpersonal communication plays in the perceived credibility, is not aligned with what previously researchers found (ag. Kiousus, 2001).